1997 SSANGYONG KORANDO flat tire

0B -- 4 GENERAL INFORMATION
D AEW OO M Y_2000
Tire and Wheel
ApplicationSpecifications
Standard Tire SizeP235/75 R15, 255/70 R15
Standard Wheel Size7JJx15
Inflation Pressure At Full Lode
P235 / 75 : Front
Rear
P255 / 75 : Front
Rear
30 Psi
30 Psi
30 Psi
30 Psi
Steering System
ApplicationSpecifications
Gear TypeRACK & PINION
Wheel Alignment:
Front: Toe -- in
Front: Caster
Front: Camber
0--4mm
2°30′±30′
0°±30′
Oil Capacity1L
Suspension
ApplicationSpecifications
Front TypeDouble Wishbone
Rear Type5--Link
Fuel System
ApplicationSpecifications
Fuel Pump TypeElectric Motor Pump
Fuel Capacity70 L
Lubricating System
Application661LA662NA662LA2.0L
DOHC2.3L
DOCH3.2L
DOCH
Oil Pump TypeExternal Gear pump
Oil Filter TypeCombination (Full & Part)Full Flow
Oil Capacity (L)
(Including Oil Filter)8.09.09.57.27.58.2
Cooling System
Application661LA662NA662LA2.0L
DOHC2.3L
DOCH3.2L
DOCH
Coolant Capacity (L)9.5 -- 1010.510.5 -- 1110.510.511. 3
Radiator TypeForced Circulation
Water Pump TypeCentrifugal

0B -- 8 GENERAL INFORMATION
D AEW OO M Y_2000
MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR
MAINTENANCE AND
LUBRICATION
NORMAL VEHICLE USE
The maintenance instructions contained in the mainte-
nance schedule are based on the assumption that the
vehicle will be used for the following reasons:
DTo carry passengers and cargo within the limitation of
the tire inflation prassure. Refer to “Tire and Wheel” in
section 2E.
DTo be driven on reasonable road surfaces and within
legal operating limits.
EXPLANATION OF SCHEDULED
MAINTENANCE SERVICES
The services listed in the maintenance schedule are fur-
ther explained below. When the following maintenance
services are performed, make sure all the parts are re-
placed and all the necessary repairs are done before
driving the vehicle. Always use the proper fluid and lubri-
cants.
Engine Oil and Oil Filter Change
Always use above the API SH grade or recommended
engine oil.
Engine Oil Viscosity
Engine oil viscosity (thickness) has an effect on fuel
economy and cold weather operation. Lower viscosity
engine oils can provide better fuel economy and cold
weather performance; however, higher temperature
weather conditions require higher viscosity engine oils
for satisfactory lubrication. Using oils of any viscosity
other than those viscosities recommended could result
in engine damage.
Cooling System Service
Drain, flush and refill the system with new coolant. Refer
to “Recommended Fluids And Lubricants“ in this sec-
tion.
Air Cleaner Element Replacement
Clean the air cleaner element every.
DGasoline Engine : 15,000km (10,000 miles)
DDiesel Engine : 10,000km (6,000 miles)
Replace the air cleaner element every .
DGasoline Engine : 60,000km (36,000 miles)DDiesel Engine : 30,000km (18,000 miles)
Replace the air cleaner more often under dusty condi-
tions.
Fuel Filter Replacement
Replace the engine fuel filter every.
DGasoline Engine : 60,000km (36,000 miles)
DDiesel Engine : 45,000km (24,000 miles)
Spark Plug Replacement
Replace spark plugs with same type.
DType : BOSCH : F8DC4
BERU : 14F-- 8DU4
Champion : C11YCC
DGap : 0.8±0.1 mm
Spark Plug Wire Replacement
Clean wires and inspect them for burns, cracks or other
damage. Check the wire boot fit at the Distributor and at
the spark plugs. Replace the wires as needed.
Brake System Service
Check the disc brake pads or the drum brake linings.
Check the pad and the lining thickness carefully.
Tire and Wheel Inspection and Rotation
Check the tires for abnormal wear or damage. To equal-
ize wear and obtain maximum tire life, rotate the tires. If
irregular or premature wear exists, check the wheel
alignment and check for damaged wheels. While the
tires and wheels are removed, inspect the brakes.
Tire Rotation (Left-hand Drive Type)

0B -- 10 GENERAL INFORMATION
D AEW OO M Y_2000
Chassis and Body
MAINTENANCE ITEMMAINTENANCE INTERVAL
Kilometers or time in months, whichever comes first
x1,000 km1153045607590105120
Months--1224364860728496
Exhaust pipes & mountings--IIIIIIII
Brake/Clutch fluid (3)(4)--IRIRIRIR
Parking brake/Brake pads F & R (5)--IIIIIIII
Brake line & connections (including booster)IIIIIIIII
Manual transmission oil (3)IIIRIIRII
Clutch & brake pedal free play--IIIIIIII
Front & Rear Differential Fluid (3)IIIRIIRII
Transfer case fluidIIIRIIRII
Automatic transmission fluid
(MB W4A040) (6)IIIRIIIII
Automatic transmission fluid (BTRA M74)IIIIIIIII
Chassis & underbody bolts & nuts tight/secureIIIIIIIII
Tire condition & inflation pressureIIIIIIIII
Wheel alignment (7)Inspect & adjust when abnormal condition is noted
Steering wheel & linkage--IIIIIIII
Power steering fluid & lines* (3)--IIIIIIII
Drive shaft boots--IIIIIIII
Seat belts, buckles & anchorsIIIIIIIII
Lubricate locks, hinges & bonnet latch--IIIIIIII
Chart Symbols:
I -- Inspect these items and their related parts. If necessary, correct, clean, replenish, adjust or replace.
R -- Replace or change.
(3) Refer to “Recommended fluids and lubricants”.
(4) Change the brake / clutch fluid every 15,000 km if the vehicle is mainly driven under severe conditions:
-- Driving in hilly or mountainous terrain, or
-- Towing a trailer frequently
(5) More frequent maintenance is required if under severe condition : short distance driving, extensive idling, fre-
quent low -- speed operation in stop-- and-- go traffic or driving in dusty condition.
(6) Change automatic transaxle fluid and filter every 75,000 km if the vehicle is mainly driven under severe condi-
tions.
-- In heavy city traffic where the outside temperature regularly reaches 32°C(90°F) or higher, or
-- In hilly or mountainous terrain, or
-- When doing frequent trailer towing, or
-- Uses such as found in taxi, police or delivery service.
(7) If necessary, rotate and balance wheels.

0B -- 12 GENERAL INFORMATION
D AEW OO M Y_2000
Chassis and Body
MAINTENANCE ITEMMAINTENANCE INTERVAL
Kilometers or time in months, whichever comes first
x1,000 km1102030405060708090100
Months--6121824303642485460
Exhaust pipes & mountings--IIIIIIIIII
Brake/clutch fluid (3) (4)IIIRIIRIIRI
Parking brake/Brake pads (F & R) (5)--IIIIIIIIII
Brake line & connections (including
booster)--IIIIIIIIII
Manual transmission fluid (3)--IIIIRIIIIR
Clutch & brake pedal free play--IIIIIIIIII
F & R Differential fluid (3)IIIIIRIIIIR
Transfer case fluid (3)--IIIIRIIIIR
Automatic transmission
fluid (BTRA M74) (6)--IIIIIIIIII
Chassis & underbody bolts & nuts
tight/secureIIIIIIIIIII
Tire condition & inflation pressureIIIIIIIIIII
Wheel alignment (7)Inspect & adjust when abnormal condition is noted
Steering wheel & linkage--IIIIIIIIII
Power steering fluid & lines* (3)--IIIIIIIIII
Drive shaft bootsIIIIIIIIIII
Seat belts, buckles & anchorsIIIIIIIIIII
Lubricate locks, hinges & bonnet latchIIIIIIIIIII
Chart Symbols:
I -- Inspect these items and their related parts. If necessary, correct, clean, replenish, adjust or replace.
R -- Replace or change.
(3) Refer to “Recommended fluids and lubricants”.
(4) Change the brake / clutch fluid more regularly if the vehicle is mainly driven under severe conditions :
-- Driving in hilly or mountainous terrain, or
-- Towing a trailer frequently
(5) More frequent maintenance is required if under severe condition : short distance driving, extensive idling, fre-
quent low
-- speed operation in stop-- and-- go traffic or driving in dusty condition.
(6) Change automatic transmission fluid every 70,000 km if the vehicle is mainly driven under severe conditions.
-- In heavy city traffic where the outside temperature regularly reaches 32°C(90°F) or higher, or
-- In hilly or mountainous terrain, or
-- When doing frequent trailer towing, or
-- Uses such as found in taxi, police or delivery service.
(7) If necessary, rotate and balance wheels.

SSANGYONG MY2002
2A-2 SUSPENSION DIAGNOSIS
Inspect the tires for improper pressure and uneven wear.
Inspect the joint from the steering column to the steer-
ing gear for loose connections or wear.
Inspect the front and the rear suspension, the steering
gear, and the linkage for loose or damaged parts.
Inspect for out-of-round tires.
Inspect for out-of-balance tires, bent wheels, and worn
or loose wheel bearings.
Check the power steering pump serpentine belt tension.
Inspect the power steering system for leaks. Also, check
the power steering fluid level.Action
Checks
Checks
Inspect for incorrect toe on the front and the rear wheels.
Inspect for a twisted or a bent suspension arm. Inspect for mismatched or uneven tires.
Inspect for a broken or a sagging spring.
Inspect for a radial tire lateral force.
Check the front-wheel alignment.
Inspect for an off-center steering gear.
Inspect for front-brake dragging.
DIAGNOSIS
GENERAL DIAGNOSIS
Problems in the steering, the suspension, the tires,
and the wheels involve several systems. Consider all
systems when diagnosing a complaint. Some problems,
such as abnormal or excessive tire wear and scuffed
tires, may be the result of hard driving. Always roadtest the vehicle first. If possible, do this road test with
the customer.
Proceed with the following preliminary checks. Correct
any substandard conditions.
Preliminary Checks
Replace the tires.
Replace the spring.
Check the wheel alignment. Switch the tire and the
wheel assemblies. Replace the tires, as needed.
Align the front wheels.
Reseat the pinion valve assembly. Replace the pinion
valve assembly, as needed.
Adjust the front brakes.
Car Lead/Pull
Action
Adjust the toe on the front and the rear wheels.
Replace the suspension arm.
Scuffed Tires
Inflate the tires to the proper pressure.
Tighten the intermediate shaft pinch bolts. Replace the
intermediate shaft, as needed.
Tighten the front and the rear suspension. Tighten the
steering gear mounting bracket bolts. Tighten the inter-
mediate shaft pinch bolts. Replace the front and the rear
suspension, as needed. Replace the steering gear, as
needed. Replace the intermediate shaft, as needed.
Perform a free runout test. Match-mount the tires.
Balance the wheels. Replace the wheels. Replace the
wheel bearings.
Tighten the power steering pump serpentine belt.
Repair any leaks. Perform a power steering system test.
Add power steering fluid, as needed.
Action Checks

SUSPENSION DIAGNOSIS 2A-3
SSANGYONG MY2002
Perform a rack bearing preload adjustment.
Replace the seals and the hoses, as needed.
Lubricate the steering gear. Repair or replace the
steering gear, as needed.
Tighten the steering gear mounting bracket nuts and
the bolts. Check the steering gear preload adjustment.
Check the hydraulic system. Test the power steering
system pressure with a gauge.
Inspect for binding or catching in the steering gear.
Inspect for a loose steering gear mounting.Action ChecksBalance the tire or the wheel.
Measure the hub flange runout. Replace the hub, as
needed.
Adjust the brakes. Replace the brake rotor, as needed.
Replace the outer tie rods.
Balance the wheel.
Replace the lower ball joint.
Measure the wheel runout. Replace the wheel, as
needed.
Match-mount the tire and the wheel assembly. Inspect for an out-of-balance tire or wheel.
Inspect for excessive wheel hub runout.
Inspect for excessive brake rotor imbalance.
Inspect for worn tie rod ends.
Inspect for wheel trim imbalance.
Inspect for a worn lower ball joint.
Inspect for excessive wheel runout.
Inspect for excessive loaded radial runout on the tire
and the wheel assembly.Action ChecksAction
Balance the tire or the wheel. Checks
Inspect for an out-of-balance tire or wheel.Align the front and the rear wheels.
Adjust the toe on the front and the rear wheels.
Replace the spring.
Balance the tires.
Rotate the tires. Replace the tires, as needed.
Maintain the proper load weight.
Inflate the tires to the proper pressure. Check the front-wheel and the rear-wheel alignment.
Inspect for excessive toe on the front and the rear wheels.
Inspect for a broken or a sagging spring.
Inspect for out-of-balance tires.
Check for a failure to rotate tires.
Check for an overloaded vehicle.
Inspect for low tire inflation.
Abnormal or Excessive Tire Wear
Shimmy, Shake, or Vibration
Hard Steering
Wheel Tramp
Action Checks

WHEEL ALIGNMENT 2B-3
SSANGYONG MY2002
DIAGNOSTIC INFORMATION AND PROCEDURES
TIRE DIAGNOSIS
Irregular and Premature Wear
Irregular and premature tire wear has many causes.
Some of them are incorrect inflation pressures, lack of
regular rotation, poor driving habits, or improper wheel
alignment.
Rotate the tires if :
•The front tire wear is different from the rear.
The left and right front tire wear is unequal.
The left and right rear tire wear is unequal.
Check wheel alignment if :
The left and right front tire wear is unequal.
The wear is uneven across the tread of either front
tire.
The front tire treads are scuffed with “feather” edges
on the side of the tread ribs or blocks.
Tread Wear Indicators
The original equipment tires have built-in tread wear in
dicators to show when the tires need replacement.
These indicators appear as bands when the tire tread
depth becomes shallow. Tire replacement is recom
mended when the indicators appear in three or more
grooves at six locations.
KAA2B010
Radial Tire Waddle
Waddle is side-to-side movement at the front or rear of
the vehicle. It is caused by the steel belt not being
straight within the tire, or by excessive lateral runout
of the tire or wheel.
The vehicle must be road tested to determine which
end of the vehicle has the faulty tire. The rear end of
the vehicle will shake from side to side or “waddle” if
the waddle tire is on the rear of the vehicle. From the
driver’s seat, it feels as though someone is pushing
on the side of the vehicle.
If the faulty tire is on the front of the vehicle, the waddle
is more visual. The front sheet meld appears to be mov-
ing back and forth, and the drivers seat feels like the
pivot point in the vehicle.
Waddle can be diagnosed using the method of substitut-
ing known good tire and wheel assemblies on the prob-
lem vehicle.
1. Road test the vehicle to determine if the waddle is
coming from the front or the rear of the vehicle.
2. Install good tires and wheels from a similar vehicle
in place of those on the offending end of the problem
vehicle. If the source of the waddle is not obvious,
change the rear tires.
3. Road test the vehicle. If there is improvement,
install the original tires to find the offending tire. If
there is no a straight improvement, install good tires
in place of all four offending tires.
KAA2B020

SSANGYONG MY2002
2B-6 WHEEL ALIGNMENT
VIBRATION DIAGNOSIS
Wheel imbalance causes most highway speed vibration
problems. A vibration can remain after dynamic balanc-
ing because:
A tire is out of round
A rim is out of round
A tire stiffness variation exists
Measuring tire and wheel free runout will uncover only
part of the problem. All three causes, known as loaded
radial runout, must be checked using method of substi-
tuting known good tire and wheel assemblies on the
problem vehicle.
Tire Balancing
Balance is the easiest procedure to perform and should
be done first if the vibration occurs at high speeds. Do
an off-vehicle, two-plane dynamic balance first to
correct any imbalance in the tire and wheel assembly.
An on-vehicle finish balance will correct any brake drum,
rotor, or wheel cover imbalance, If balancing does not
correct the high-speed vibration, or if the vibration oc-
curs at low speeds, runout is the probable cause.
Preliminary Checks
Prior to performing any work, always road test the car
and perform a careful visual inspection for:
Obvious tire and wheel runout.
Obvious drive axle runout.
Improper tire inflation.
Incorrect trim height.
Bent or damaged wheels.
Debris build-up on the tire or the wheel.
Irregular or excessive tire wear.
Improper tire bead seating on the rim,
Imperfections in the tires, including: tread deforma-
tions, separations, or bulges from impact damage.
Slight sidewall indentations are normal and will not
affect ride quality.
KAA2B040