1994 CADILLAC FLEETWOOD ESP

Engine Cooling When Trailering
Your cooling system may temporarily overheat during severe operating
conditions such as;
Climbing grades steeper than 4% at ambient temperatures above
90’Fahrenheit (32O Celsius)
with a loaded vehicle and trailer.
0 Stopping after high-speed driving.
0 Idling for long periods in stop and go traffic.
If the “TEMP” warning light comes on, pull
to the side of the road as
soon as it is safe to do
so. When the vehicle is at a complete stop, shift the
transmission selector to P (Park) and allow the engine to idle. If your
Electronic Climate Control system is on, shut it
off. Do not turn off the
engine or increase engine speed above a normal idle. Within
two or three
minutes the system should cool sufficiently to allow A/C operation to
resume. At that time resume driving at a reduced speed. Return to
normal driving after
10 minutes if the “TEMP” warning light is not
displayed.
Maintenance when Trailer Towing
Your vehicle will need service more often when you’re pulling a trailer.
See the Maintenance Schedule for details. Things that are especially
important in trailer operation are automatic transmission fluid (don’t
overfill), engine oil, axle lubricant, engine drive belt, cooling system, and
brake adjustment. Each of these is covered in this manual. The Index will
help you find them quickly. If you’re trailering, it’s a good idea to review
these sections before you start your trip.
Check periodically to
see that all hitch attaching nuts and bolts are tight.
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1

r IF A TIREGOES FLAT
It’s unusual for a tire to “blow out” while you’re driving, especially if you
maintain your tires properly. If air goes out of a tire, it’s much more likely
to leak out slowly. But
if you should ever have a “blowout,” here are a
few tips about what to expect and what to do:
If a front tire fails, the flat tire will create a drag that pulls the vehicle
toward that side. Take your foot off the accelerator pedal and grip the
steering wheel firmly. Steer to maintain lane position, then gently brake
to a stop well out of the traffic lane.
A rear blowout, particularly on a curve, acts much like a skid and may
require the same correction you’d use in a skid. In any rear blowout,
remove your foot from the accelerator pedal. Get the vehicle under
control by steering the way you want the vehicle to
go. It may be very
bumpy and noisy, but you can still steer. Gently brake to a stop, well off
the road
if possible.
If a tire goes flat, the next section shows how to use your jacking
equipment to change a flat tire safely.
231

n and.you don’t have to buy a higher octane fuel to get rid of pinging. It’s
the heavy, constant knock that means you have a problem.
What about gasoline with blending materials that contain oxygen
(oxygenates), such
as MTBE or alcohol?
MTBE is “methyl tertiary-butyl ether.’’ Fuel that is no more than
15%
MTBE is fine for your vehicle.
Ethanol is ethyl or grain alcohol. Properly-blended fuel that is no more
than
10% ethanol is fine for your vehicle.
Methanol is methyl or wood alcohol.
NOTICE:
Fuel that is more than 5% methanol is bad for your.vehicle.
Don’t. use it. It can corrode metal parts in your fuel system and
also damage plastic and rubber.parts. That damage wouldn’t be
covered under your warranty. And even at
5% or less, there must
he “cosolvents” and corrosion preventers in this fuel to help
avoid these problems.
Gasolines for Cleaner Air
Your use of gasoline with deposit control additives will help prevent
deposits from forming in your engine and fuel system. That helps. keep
your engine in tune and your emission control system working properly.
It’s good for your vehicle, and you’ll be doing your part for cleaner air.
Many gasolines are now blended with oxygenates. General Motors
recommends that you use gasolines with these blending materials, such as
MTBE and ethanol. By doing
so, you can help clean the air, especially in
those parts
of the country that have high carbon monoxide levels.
~ In addition, some gasoline suppliers are now producing reformulated
gasolines. These gasolines are specially designed to reduce vehicle
emissions. General Motors recommends that you use reformulated
gasoline. By doing
so, you can help clean the air, especially in those parts
of the country that have high ozone levels.
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treadmill. These procedures ensure that each vehicle is tested under
identical conditions.
There are
two different fuel economy estimates for each vehicle, one Ior
city driving and one for highway driving.
To develop these two estimates,
separate tests are used to represent typical everyday city and rural
driving.
The test used to determine the city fuel economy estimate simulates a
7.5 mile (12 km), stop and go trip with an average speed of 20 mph
(32
km/h). The trip takes 23 minutes and has 18 stops. About one fifth
of the time is spent idling, as in waiting at traffic lights or in rush hour
traffic. Two kinds of engine starts are used: a cold start, which is similar to
starting a car in the morning after it has been parked all night and a hot
start, which is similar to restarting a vehicle after it has been warmed up,
driven and stopped for a short time.
The test used to determine the highway fuel economy estimate
represents a mixture of “non-city” driving. Segments corresponding to
different kinds
of rural roads and interstate highways are included. The
test simulates a 10 mile (17 km) trip with an average speed of 48 mph
(77 km/h). The test is run from a hot start and has little idling time and
no stops.
To assure that the fuel economy numbers are most useful for consumers,
the
EPA adjusts these laboratory test results to account for the difference
between controlled laboratory conditions and actual driving on the road.
The laboratory fuel economy results are adjusted downward
to arrive at
the estimates on the fuel economy window sticker and the Gas Mileage
Y Guide. The city estimate is lowered by 10 percent and the highwq
estimate
is lowered by 22 percent from the laboratory test results.
Experience has proven that these adjustments make the mileage
estimates correspond more closely to the actual fuel economy rea
by the average driver. lized
249

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ec
In heavy traffic -- especially in hot weather.
0 While pulling a trailer.
To get the right reading, the fluid should be at normal.operating
temperature, which is
180 " F .to -200 " F (82' C to 93 " C).
To check transmission fluid hot: Get the.vehicle warmed up by driving
about
15 miles (24 km) when outside temperatures are above 50°F
(10" C). If it's colder than 50°F (10" C), drive the vehicle in "D" (3rd
Gear) until the engine temperature gage moves and then remains steady
for ten minutes. Then follow the hot check procedures.
To check transmission fluid cold: A cold check is made after the vehicle
has been sitting for eight hours or more with the engine
off and is used
only as a reference. Let the engine run at idle for five minutes
if outside
temperatures are
50 " F (10 " C) or more. If it's colder than 50 " F (10 " C),
you may have to idle the engine longer. Should the fluid level be low
during a cold checkj you must perform a hot check before adding fluid.
This will give you a more accurate reading
of the fluid level.
To check thefluid hot or cold
0 Park your vehicle on a level place.
0 With the parking brake applied, place the shift lever in "P" (Park).
0 With your foot on the brake pedal, move the shift lever through each
gear range, pausing for about three seconds in each range. Then,
position the shift lever in "P" (Park).
0 Let the engine run at idle for three minutes or more.
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r
How to Add Fluid
Refer to the Maintenance Schedule to determine what kind of
transmission fluid to use. See “Recommended Fluids and Lubricants” in
the Index.
If the fluid level is low, add only enough of the proper fluid to bring the
level up to the COLD area for a cold check
or the HOT area for a hot
check. It doesn’t take much fluid, generally less than a int.
Don’t overfill.
We recommend you use only fluid labeled DEXRON -111 or
DEXRON@-IIE, because fluids with that label are made especially for
your automatic transmission. Damage caused by fluid other than
DEXRON@-I11 or DEXRON@-IIE is not covered by your new vehicle
warranty. 8
0 After adding fluid, recheck the fluid level as described under “HOW to
0 When the correct fluid level is obtained, push the dipstick back in all
Check.”
the way.
REARAXLE
When to Check and Change Lubricant
Refer to the Maintenance Schedule to determine how often to check the
lubricant and when to change it. See “Periodic Maintenance Inspections”
in the Index.
How to Check Lubricant
If the level is below the bottom of the filler plug hole, you’ll need to add
some lubricant. Add enough lubricant to raise the
level to the bottom of
the filler plug hole.
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c-
NOTICE:
Don’t let anyone tell you that underinflation or overinflation is
all right. It’s not. If your tires don’t have enough air
(underinflation) you can get:
0 Too much flexing
0 Too much heat
0 Tire overloading
Bad wear
0 Bad handling
0 Bad fuel economy.
If your tires have too much
air (overinflation), you can get:
Unusual wear
0 Bad handling
0 Rough ride
Needless damage from road hazards.
When to Check Check your tires once a month or more.
Don’t forget your compact spare tire. It should be at
60 psi (420 kPa).
How to Check Use a good quality pocket-type gage to check tire
pressure. Simply looking at the tires will not tell
you the pressure,
especially if you have radial tires
-- which may look properly inflated even
if they’re underinflated.
If your tires have valve caps, be sure to put them back on. They help
prevent leaks by keeping out dirt and moisture.
Your tire pressures are:
0 Front and Rear - 30 psi (210 kPa)
293

Uniform Tire Quality Grading
The following information relates to the system developed by the United
States National Highway Traffic Safety Administration which grades tires
by treadwear, traction and temperature performance. (This applies only
to vehicles sold
in the United States.)
Treadwear
The treadwear grade is a comparative rating based on the wear rate of
the tire when tested under controlled conditions on a specified
government test course. For example, a tire graded 150 would wear one
and
a half (1 1/2) times as well on the government course as a tire graded
100. The relative performance of tires depends upon the actual
conditions of their use, however, and may depart significantly from the
norm due to variations in driving habits, service practices and differences
in road characteristics and climate.
Traction - A, B, C
The traction grades, from highest to lowest are: A, B, and C. They
represent the tire’s ability to stop on wet pavement as measured under
controlled conditions on specified government test surfaces
of asphalt
and concrete. A tire marked
C may have poor traction performance.
Warning: The traction grade assigned to this tire is based
on braking
(straight-ahead) traction tests and does not include cornering (turning)
traction.
Temperature - A, B, C
The temperature grades are A (the highest), B, and C, representing the
tire’s resistance to the generation of heat and its ability to dissipate heat
when tested under controlled conditions on a specified indoor laboratory
test wheel. Sustained high temperature can cause the material of the tire
to degenerate and reduce tire
life, and excessive temperature can lead to
sudden tire failure. The grade
C corresponds to a level of performance
which all passenger car tires must meet under the Federal Motor Vehicle
Safety Standard No. 109. Grades
B and A represent higher levels of
performance on
the laboratory test wheel than the minimum required
by law.
297