
VACUUM PUMP DIAGNOSIS
FUEL INJECTION TROUBLE SHOOTING
BASIC FUEL INJECTION TROUBLE SHOOTING CHART
EGR valve malfunctionReplace EGR valve
Blocked or damaged exhaust systemRemove restriction and/or
replace components
Blocked fuel tank filterReplace filter
Restricted fuel filterRemove restriction and/or
replace filter
Block vent in gas capRemove restriction and/or
replace cap
Tank-to-injection pump fuel supply blockedCheck fuel lines and
connections
Blocked fuel return systemRemove restriction
Incorrect or contaminated fuelReplace fuel
Blocked injector nozzlesCheck nozzle for blockage, see
FUEL SYSTEMS
Low compressionCheck valves, rings, pistons,
see ENGINES
Loud Engine Noise With Black Smoke
Basic timing incorrectReset timing, see FUEL
SYSTEMS
EGR valve malfunctionReplace EGR valve
Internal injection pump malfunctionReplace injection pump, see
FUEL SYSTEMS
Incorrect injector pump housing pressureCheck pressure, see FUEL
SYSTEMS
Engine Overheating
Cooling system leaksCheck cooling system and
repair leaks
Belt slipping or damagedCheck tension and/or replace
belt
Thermostat stuck closedRemove and replace
thermostat, see ENGINE
COOLING
Head gasket leakingReplace head gasket
Oil Light on at Idle
Low oil pump pressureCheck oil pump operation, see
ENGINES
Oil cooler or line restrictedRemove restriction and/or
replace cooler
Engine Won't Shut Off
Injector pump fuel solenoid does not return fuel valve to OFF positionRemove and check solenoid
and replace if needed
CONDITION & POSSIBLE CAUSECORRECTION
Excessive Noise
Loose pump-to-drive assembly screwsTighten screws
Loose tube on pump assemblyTighten tube
Valves not functioning properlyReplace valves
Oil Leakage
Loose end plugTighten end plug
Bad seal crimpRemove and re-crimp seal
NOTE:This is GENERAL inform ation. This article is not intended to be specific to any unique situation or
individual vehicle configuration. T he purpose of this T rouble Shooting inform ation is to provide a list
of com m on causes to problem sym ptom s. For m odel-specific T rouble Shooting, refer to SUBJECT ,
DIAGNOST IC, or T EST ING articles available in the section(s) you are accessing.
CONDITION & POSSIBLE CAUSECORRECTION
Engine Won't Start (Cranks Normally)
Cold start valve inoperativeTest valve and circuit
Poor connection;vacuum or wiringCheck vacuum and electrical
connections
Contaminated fuelTest fuel for water or alcohol
Defective fuel pump relay or circuitTest relay and wiring
Battery too lowCharge and test battery
Low fuel pressureTest pressure regulator and
fuel pump, check for restricted
lines and filters
No distributor reference pulsesRepair ignition system as
necessary
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IGNITION SYSTEM TROUBLE SHOOTING
Open coolant temperature sensor circuitTest sensor and wiring
Shorted W.O.T. switch in T.P.S.Disconnect W.O.T. switch,
engine should start
Defective ECMReplace ECM
Fuel tank residual pressure valve leaksTest for fuel pressure drop
after shut down
Hard Starting
Disconnected hot air tube to air cleanerReconnect tube and test
control valve
Defective Idle Air Control (IAC) valveTest valve operation and
circuit
Shorted, open or misadjusted T.P.S.Test and adjust or replace
T.P.S.
EGR valve openTest EGR valve and control
circuit
Poor Oxygen sensor signalTest for shorted or circuit
Incorrect mixture from PCV systemTest PCV for flow, check
sealing of oil filter cap
Poor High Speed Operation
Low fuel pump volumeFaulty pump or restricted fuel
lines or filters
Poor MAP sensor signalTest MAP sensor, vacuum
hose and wiring
Poor Oxygen sensor signalTest for shorted or open
sensor or circuit
Open coolant temperature sensor circuitTest sensor and wiring
Faulty ignition operationCheck wires for cracks or poor
con- nections, test secondary
voltage with oscilloscope
Contaminated fuelTest fuel for water or alcohol
Intermittent ECM groundTest ECM ground connection
for resistance
Restricted air cleanerReplace air cleaner
Restricted exhaust systemTest for exhaust manifold back
pressure
Poor MAF sensor signalCheck leakage between sensor
and manifold
Poor VSS signalIf tester for ALCL hook-up is
available check that VSS
reading matches speedometer
Ping or Knock on Acceleration
Poor Knock sensor signalTest for shorted or open
sensor or circuit
Poor Baro sensor signalTest for shorted or open
sensor or circuit
Improper ignition timingSee VEHICLE EMISSION
CONTROL LABEL (where
applicable)
Check for engine overheating problemsLow coolant, loose belts or
electric cooling fan inoperative
NOTE:For additional electronic fuel injection trouble shooting inform ation, see the appropriate article in the
ENGINE PERFORMANCE section (not all vehicles have Com puter Engine Control articles). Inform ation
is provided there for diagnosing fuel system problem s on vehicles with electronic fuel injection.
NOTE:This is GENERAL inform ation. This article is not intended to be specific to any unique situation or
individual vehicle configuration. T he purpose of this T rouble Shooting inform ation is to provide a list
of com m on causes to problem sym ptom s. For m odel-specific T rouble Shooting, refer to SUBJECT ,
DIAGNOST IC, or T EST ING articles available in the section(s) you are accessing.
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POWERTRAIN
CLUTCH TROUBLE SHOOTING
BASIC CLUTCH TROUBLE SHOOTING CHART
Gear Clash When Shifting Forward GearsClutch Out Of Adjustment, Shift linkage damaged or out of
adjustment, Gears or synchronizers damaged, Low gear oil level
Transmission Noisy When Moving (RWD Only) Quiet In Neutral
With Clutch EngagedWorn rear outputshaft bearing
Gear RattleWorn bearings, Wrong gear oil, Low gear oil, Worn gears
Steady Ticking At Idle (Increases With RPM)Broken tooth on gear
Gear Clash When Shifting Forward GearsWorn or broken synchronizers
Loud Whine In ReverseNormal condition (1)
Noise When Stepping On ClutchBad release bearing, Worn pilot bearing
Ticking Or Screeching As Clutch Is EngagedFaulty release bearing, Uneven pressure plate fingers
Click Or Snap When Clutch Is EngagedWorn clutch fork, Worn or broken front bearing retainer
Transmission Shifts HardClutch not releasing, Shift mechanism binding, Clutch installed
backwards
Will Not Shift Into One Gear, Shifts Into All OthersBent shift fork, Worn detent balls
Locked Into Gear, Cannot ShiftClutch adjustment, Worn detent balls
Transmission Jumps Out Of GearPilot bearing worn, Bent shift fork, Worn gear teeth or face,
Excessive gear train end play, Worn synchronizers, Missing detent
ball spring, Shift mechanism worn or out of adjustment, Engine or
transmission mount bolts loose or out of adjustment, Transmission
not aligned
Shift Lever RattleWorn shift lever or detents, Worn shift forks, Worn synchronizers
sleeve
Shift Lever Hops Under AccelerationWorn engine or transmission mounts
(1)Most units use spur cut gears in reverse and are noisy
NOTE:This is GENERAL inform ation. This article is not intended to be specific to any unique situation or
individual vehicle configuration. T he purpose of this T rouble Shooting inform ation is to provide a list
of com m on causes to problem sym ptom s. For m odel-specific T rouble Shooting, refer to SUBJECT ,
DIAGNOST IC, or T EST ING articles available in the section(s) you are accessing.
CONDITION & POSSIBLE CAUSECORRECTION
Chattering or Grabbing
Incorrect clutch adjustmentAdjust clutch
Oil, grease or glaze on facingsDisassemble and clean or replace
Lo o se "U" jo in t fl an geSee DRIVE AXLES article
Worn input shaft splineReplace input shaft
Binding pressure plateReplace pressure plate
Binding release leverSee CLUTCH article
Binding clutch disc hubReplace clutch disc
Unequal pressure plate contactReplace worn/misaligned
components
Loose/bent clutch discReplace clutch disc
Incorrect transmission alignmentRealign transmission
Worn pressure plate, disc or flywheelReplace damaged components
Broken or weak pressure springsReplace pressure plate
Sticking clutch pedalLubricate clutch pedal & linkage
Incorrect clutch disc facingReplace clutch disc
Engine loose in chassisTighten all mounting bolts
Failure to Release
Oil or grease on clutch facingsClean or replace clutch clutch
disc
Incorrect release lever or pedal adjustmentSee CLUTCH article
Worn or broken clutch facingsReplace clutch disc
Bent clutch disc or pressure plateReplace damaged components
Clutch disc hub binding on input shaftClean or replace clutch disc
and/or input shaft
Binding pilot bearingReplace pilot bearing
Sticking release bearing sleeveReplace release bearing and/or
sleeve
Binding clutch cableSee CLUTCH article
Defective clutch masterReplace master cylinder
Defective clutch slaveReplace slave cylinder
Air in hydraulic systemBleed hydraulic system
Rattling
Weak or broken release lever springReplace spring and check
alignment
Damaged pressure plateReplace pressure plate
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DRIVE AXLE - NOISE DIAGNOSIS
Unrelated Noises
Some driveline trouble symptoms are also common to the engine, transmission, wheel bearings, tires, and other parts of the vehicle. Ensure
cause of trouble actually is in the drive axle before adjusting, repairing, or replacing any of its parts.
Non-Drive Axle Noises
A few conditions can sound just like drive axle noise and have to be considered in pre-diagnosis. The 4 most common noises are exhaust, tires,
CV/universal joints and wheel trim rings.
In certain conditions, the pitch of the exhaust gases may e gear whine. At other times, it may be mistaken for a wheel bearing rumble.
Tires, especially radial and snow, can have a high-pitched tread whine or roar, similar to gear noise. Also, some non-standard tires with an
unusual tread construction may emit a roar or whine.
Defective CV/universal joints may cause clicking noises or excessive driveline play that can be improperly diagnosed as drive axle problems.
Trim and moldings also can cause a whistling or whining noise. Ensure none of these components are causing the noise before disassembling
the drive axle.
Gear Noise
Broken clutch return springReplace return spring
Worn splines on clutch disc or input shaftReplace clutch disc and/or input
shaft
Worn clutch release bearingReplace release bearing
Dry or worn pilot bearingLubricate or replace pilot bearing
Unequal release lever contactAlign or replace release lever
Incorrect pedal free playAdjust free play
Warped or damaged clutch discReplace damaged components
Slipping
Pressure springs worn orRelease pressure plate
Oily, greasy or worn facingsClean or replace clutch disc
Incorrect clutch alignmentRealign clutch assembly
Warped clutch disc or pressure plateReplace damaged components
Binding release levers or clutch pedalLubricate and/or replace release
components
Squeaking
Worn or damaged releaseReplace release bearing
Dry or worn pilot or release bearingLubricate or replace assembly
Pilot bearing turning in crankshaftReplace pilot bearing and/or
crankshaft
Worn input shaft bearingReplace bearing and seal
Incorrect transmission alignmentRealign transmission
Dry release fork between pivotLubricate release fork and pivot
Heavy and/or Stiff Pedal
Sticking release bearing sleeveReplace release bearing and/or
sleeve
Dry or binding clutch pedal hubLubricate and align components
Floor mat interference with pedalLay mat flat in proper area
Dry or binding ball/fork pivotsLubricate and align components
Faulty clutch cableReplace clutch cable
Noisy Clutch Pedal
Faulty interlock switchReplace interlock switch
Self-adjuster ratchet noiseLubricate or replace self-adjuster
Speed control interlock switchLubricate or replace interlock
switch
Clutch Pedal Sticks Down
Binding clutch cableSee CLUTCH article
Springs weak in pressure plateReplace pressure plate
Binding in clutch linkageLubricate and free linkage
Noisy
Dry release bearingLubricate or replace release
bearing
Dry or worn pilot bearingLubricate or replace bearing
Worn input shaft bearingReplace bearing
Transmission Click
Weak springs in pressureReplace pressure plate plate
Release fork loose on ball studReplace release fork and/or
ball stud
Oil on clutch disc damperReplace clutch disc
Broken spring in slave cylinderReplace slave cylinder
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Ties rods or ball joints bindingCheck and replace if necessary
Intermediate shaft joints bindingSee STEERING COLUMN
article
Kinked pressure hosesCorrect or replace if necessary
Loose housing head spanner nutSee POWER STEERING
GEAR article
Damaged valve leverSee POWER STEERING
GEAR article
Sector shaft adjusted too tightSee ADJUSTMENTS in
POWER STEERING GEAR
article
Worm thrust bearing adjusted too tightSee ADJUSTMENTS in
POWER STEERING GEAR
article
Reaction ring sticking in cylinderSee POWER STEERING
GEAR article
Reaction ring sticking in housing headSee POWER STEERING
GEAR article
Steering pump internal leakageSee POWER STEERING
PUMP article
Steering gear-to-column misalignmentSee STEERING COLUMN
article
Lack of lubrication in linkageService front suspension
Lack of lubrication in ball jointsService front suspension
Increased Effort When Turning Wheel Fast Foaming, Milky Power Steering Fluid, Low Fluid Level or Low Pressure
High internal pump leakageSee POWER STEERING
PUMP article
Power steering pump belt slippingAdjust or replace if necessary
Low fluid levelCheck and fill to proper level
Engine idle speed to lowAdjust to correct setting
Air in pump fluid systemSee POWER STEERING
PUMP article
Pump output lowSee POWER STEERING
PUMP article
Steering gear malfunctioningSee POWER STEERING
GEAR article
Wheel Surges or Jerks
Low fluid levelCheck and fill to proper level
Loose fan beltAdjust or replace if necessary
Insufficient pump pressureSee POWER STEERING
PUMP article
Sticky flow control valveSee POWER STEERING
PUMP article
Linkage hitting oil pan at full turnReplace bent components
Kick Back or Free Play
Air in pump fluid systemSee POWER STEERING
PUMP article
Worn poppet valve in steering gearSee POWER STEERING
PUMP article
Excessive over center lashSee POWER STEERING
GEAR article
Thrust bearing out of adjustmentSee POWER STEERING
GEAR article
Free play in pot couplingSee POWER STEERING
PUMP article
Steering gear coupling loose on shaftSee POWER STEERING
PUMP article
Steering disc mounting bolts looseTighten or replace if necessary
Coupling loose on worm shaftTighten or replace if necessary
Improper sector shaft adjustmentSee POWER STEERING
GEAR article
Excessive worm piston side playSee POWER STEERING
GEAR article
Damaged valve leverSee POWER STEERING
GEAR article
Universal joint looseTighten or replace if necessary
Defective rotary valveSee POWER STEERING
GEAR article
No Power When Parking
Sticking flow control valveSee POWER STEERING
PUMP article
Insufficient pump pressure outputSee POWER STEERING
PUMP article
Excessive internal pump leakageSee POWER STEERING
Page 32 of 36 MITCHELL 1 ARTICLE - GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures
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FUEL INJECTION TROUBLE SHOOTING
Se ve r a l High F ir in g Lin e s
Fuel Mixture UnbalancedCheck Fuel System
EGR Valve Stuck OpenClean/Replace EGR
Valve
High Plug Wire ResistanceReplace Plug Wire
Cracked/Broken PlugsReplace Plugs
Intake Vacuum LeakRepair Leak
Several Low Firing Lines
Fuel Mixture UnbalancedAdjust Fuel Mixture
Plug Wires ArcingReplace Plug Wires
Cracked Coil ArcingReplace Coil
Uneven CompressionCheck/Repair Engine
Faulty Spark PlugsReplace Plugs
Cylinders Not Firing
Cracked Distributor CapReplace Cap
Shorted Plug WiresReplace Plug Wires
Mechanical Engine FaultCheck/Repair Engine
Spark Plugs FouledReplace Plugs
Carbon Track in Distributor CapReplace Cap
Hard Starting
Defective Ignition Coil(s)Replace Coil(s)
Fouled Spark PlugsReplace Plugs
Incorrect TimingReset Ignition Timing
NOTE:T his article is generic in nature and all inform ation does not apply to all vehicles. For vehicle specific
inform ation, see the appropriate articles in the ENGINE PERFORMANCE category.
Problem & Possible CauseAction
Cold Start Valve InoperativeTest Cold Start Valve
Poor Vacuum/Electrical ConnectionRepair Connections
Contaminated FuelTest Fuel for Water/Alcohol
Bad Fuel Pump Relay/CircuitTest Relay/Wiring
Battery Voltage LowCharge/Test Battery
Low Fuel PressureTest Press. Regulator/Pump
No Distributor Reference PulseRepair Ignition System
Coolant Temp. Sensor DefectiveTest Temp. Sensor/Circuit
No Power To InjectorsCheck Injector Fuse/Relay
Hard Starting
Defective Idle Air Control (IAC)Test IAC and Circuit
EGR Valve OpenTest EGR Valve/Control
Circuit
Restricted Fuel LinesInspect/Replace Fuel Lines
Poor MAP Sensor SignalTest MAP Sensor/Circuit
Engine Stalls During Parking ManeuverCheck P.S. Press. Switch
Rough Idle
Dirty Fuel InjectorsClean/Replace Injectors
Poor MAP Sensor SignalTest MAP Sensor/Circuit
Intermittent Fuel Injector OperationCheck Harness Connectors
Erratic Vehicle Speed Sensor InputsHarness Too Close to Plug
Wires
Poor O2 Sensor SignalTest O2 Sensor/Circuit
Faulty PCV SystemCheck PCV Valve and
Hoses
Poor Acceleration
Weak Fuel PumpReplace Fuel Pump
Dirty Fuel InjectorsClean/Replace Injectors
Excessive Intake Valve DepositsClean Intake System
Poor High Speed Operation
Low Fuel Pump VolumeFaulty Fuel Pump/Filter
Poor MAP Sensor SignalTest Speed Sensor/Circuit
Acceleration Ping/Knock
Faulty EGR SystemCheck EGR Valve and
Hoses
Poor Knock Sensor SignalTest Knock Sensor/Circuit
Poor Baro Sensor SignalTest Baro Sensor/Circuit
Improper Ignition TimingAdjust Timing
Engine OverheatingCheck Cooling System
Poor Quality FuelUse Different Fuel
Carbon Build-UpDecarbon Engine
Page 2 of 3 MITCHELL 1 ARTICLE - GENERAL INFORMATION TROUBLE SHOOTING
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GENERAL INFORMATION
Clutch Trouble Shooting
* PLEASE READ THIS FIRST *
ALL MODELS
CLUTCH TROUBLE SHOOTING NOTE:This is GENERAL inform ation. This article is not intended to be specific to any unique situation or
individual vehicle configuration. For m odel-specific inform ation see appropriate articles where
available.
NOTE:This is GENERAL inform ation. This article is not intended to be specific to any unique situation or
individual vehicle configuration. For m odel-specific inform ation see appropriate articles where
available.
Problem & Possible CauseAction
Clutch Chatters/Grabs
Incorrect Pedal AdjustmentAdjust Free Play
Worn Input Shaft SplineReplace Input Shaft
Binding Pressure PlateReplace Pressure Plate
Binding Throw-Out LeverCheck Throw-Out Lever,
Check Throw-Out
Bearing, Check Bearing
Retainer
Uneven Pressure Plate Contact With FlywheelAlign/Replace Worn Parts
Transmission MisalignedAlign Transmission
Worn Pressure PlateReplace Clutch Assembly
Oil-Saturated DiscReplace Clutch Assembly,
Repair Oil Leak
Loose Engine MountsReplace Engine Mounts
Clutch Pedal Sticks Down
Clutch Cable BindingReplace Clutch Cable
Weak Pressure Plate SpringsReplace Clutch Assembly
Binding Clutch LinkageLubricate Linkage
Broken Clutch Pedal Return SpringReplace Return Spring
Clutch Will Not Release
Oil-Saturated DiscReplace Clutch Assembly,
Repair Oil Leak
Defective Disc FaceReplace Clutch Assembly
Disc Sticking on Input Shaft SplinesReplace Disc/Input Shaft
Binding Pilot BearingReplace Pilot Bearing
Faulty Clutch Master CylinderReplace Master Cylinder
Faulty Clutch Slave CylinderReplace Slave Cylinder
Blown Clutch HoseReplace Hose
Sticky Throw-Out Bearing SleeveClean/Lube Sleeve
Clutch Cable BindingReplace Clutch Cable
Broken/Loose BellhousingCheck Bellhousing
Rattling/Squeaking
Broken Throw-Out Lever Return SpringReplace Return Spring
Faulty Throw-Out BearingReplace Throw-Out
Bearing
Faulty Clutch DiscReplace Clutch Disc
Faulty Pilot BearingReplace Pilot Bearing
Worn Throw-Out BearingReplace Throw-Out
Bearing
Dry Bearing Retainer Slide For Throw-Out Bearing SleeveLubricate Slide
Slipping
Faulty Pressure PlateReplace Clutch Assembly
Worn Clutch DiscReplace Clutch Assembly
Incorrect AlignmentRealign Clutch Assembly
Faulty Clutch Slave CylinderReplace Slave Cylinder
No Pedal Pressure
Leaky Hydraulic SystemCheck Clutch Master
Cylinder, Check Clutch
Slave Cylinder
Check Clutch Hose
Broken Clutch CableReplace Clutch Cable
Faulty Throw-Out LeverReplace Throw-Out Lever
Broken Clutch LinkageRepair Clutch Linkage
Page 1 of 2 MITCHELL 1 ARTICLE - GENERAL INFORMATION Clutch Trouble Shooting
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GENERAL INFORMATION
Engine Perform ance Safety Precautions
Always refer to Emission Decal in engine compartment before servicing vehicle. If manual and decal differ, always use decal
specifications.
Do not allow or create a condition of misfire in more than one cylinder for an extended period of time. Damage to converter may occur
due to loading converter with unburned air/fuel mixture.
Always turn ignition off and disconnect negative battery cable BEFORE disconnecting or connecting computer or other electrical
components.
DO NOT drop or shock electrical components such as computer, airflow meter, etc.
DO NOT use fuel system cleaning compounds that are not recommended by the manufacturer. Damage to gaskets, diaphragm materials
and catalytic converter may result.
Before performing a compression test or cranking engine using a remote starter switch, disconnect coil wire from distributor and secure it
to a good engine ground, or disable ignition.
Before disconnecting any fuel system component, ensure fuel system pressure is released.
Use a shop towel to absorb any spilled fuel to prevent fire.
DO NOT create sparks or have an open flame near battery.
If any fuel system components such as hoses or clamps are replaced, ensure they are replaced with components designed for fuel system
use.
Always reassemble throttle body components with new gaskets, "O" rings and seals.
If equipped with an inertia switch, DO NOT reset switch until fuel system has been inspected for leaks.
We a r sa fe t y go ggl e s wh e n d r il l in g o r gr in d in g.
Wear proper clothing which protects against chemicals and other hazards.
Copyr ight 2009 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
Article GUID: A00002342
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