2011 FORD KUGA oil temperature

Electronic Engine Controls – Component Location
E96941
1
12
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Description
Item
Throttle control unit
1
injectors
Comments:One injector for each cylinder
2
Fuel pressure/fuel temperature sensor
3Description
Item
VVT (variable valve timing) - exhaust
camshaft solenoid
Comments:One each for the inlet and outlet
camshaft
4
Ignition coil-on-plug
Comments:One injection coil for each cylinder
5
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If one of the two APP sensors fails, then only a
proportion of the engine's power will be available
when accelerating. Top speed can nevertheless
be achieved.
If both of the APP sensors fail, the engine is
regulated to a defined speed following a plausibility
check after the BPP (brake pedal position) switch
and brake light switch have been actuated once.
The vehicle can then only be accelerated to a
defined speed.
In either case, a fault is saved in the error memory
of the PCM.
Throttle control unit
E74167
1
2
Description
Item
TP (throttle position) sensor
1
Electric motor
2
CAUTION: The throttle control unit must
not be repaired or adjusted. The stop of
the throttle valve must on no account be
adjusted.
After disconnecting the battery or replacing the
throttle control unit or the PCM, initialization is
necessary. • engine off
• Accelerator pedal not pressed
• Battery voltage 11 ... 14 V
• Ignition key in ON position
• Wait approximately 30 seconds until initialization
is complete.
Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT)
sensor
E94804
The ECT (engine coolant temperature) sensor is
designed as an NTC (negative temperature
coefficient) resistor.
If the signal from the ECT sensor fails, the cooling
fan is on all the time and the A/C (air conditioning)
is turned off. When the ignition is switched on, the
value from the IAT (intake air temperature) sensor
is read. When the engine is running, the
temperature is calculated using a temperature map
stored in the PCM according to how long the
engine has been running. This substitute value is
then used as the basis for calculating the injected
fuel quantity and the ignition timing.
Ignition coil-on-plug
E73540
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Description
Item
Medium speed CAN data bus (MS-CAN)
1
DLC (data link connector)
2
GEM (generic electronic module)
Comments:Serves as a gateway between the two
CAN databus systems.
3
High speed CAN data bus (HS-CAN)
4
CPP (clutch pedal position) sensorRefertoComponentDescription:(page
29)
5
BPP switchesRefertoComponentDescription:(page
29)
6
MAF sensorRefertoComponentDescription:(page
27)
7
TP sensorRefer to Component Description: Throttle
controlunit(page33)
Comments: It is incorporated into the throttle control
unit
8
ECT sensorRefertoComponentDescription:(page
31)
9
CKP sensorRefertoComponentDescription:(page
24)
10
CMP sensor - intake camshaftRefertoComponentDescription:(page
8)
11
CMP sensor - exhaust camshaftRefertoComponentDescription:(page
8)
12Description
Item
Broadband HO2SRefertoComponentDescription:(page
25)
13
Catalyst monitor sensor
14
Air conditioning (A/C) pressure sensorRefertoComponentDescription:(page
30)
15
KSRefertoComponentDescription:(page
8)
16
APP sensorRefertoComponentDescription:(page
28)
17
MAPT sensorRefertoComponentDescription:(page
9)
18
Fuel pressure/fuel temperature sensorRefertoComponentDescription:(page
33)
19
Exterior aor temperature sensorRefertoComponentDescription:(page
34)
20
Engine oil level, temperature and quality
sensorRefertoComponentDescription:(page
34)
21
Ignition switch
22
Battery
23
PCMRefertoComponentDescription:(page
8)
24
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• Starting process
• Engine running– Fuel supply to the engine including lambdacontrol
– Ignition setting including knock control
– Idle speed control
– Boost pressure control
– Valve timing via the camshaft adjuster for the intake and exhaust camshafts (including
internal exhaust gas recirculation)
• Refrigerant compressor (activation, deactivation and delivery)
• EVAP purge valve
• Charging system
Fuel is supplied to the engine via a sequential
multi-point injection system. Ignition is performed
by a distributor-less ignition system with one
ignition coil unit for each cylinder.
The PCM optimizes engine power and emissions
at all times by processing the sensor signals and
information received via the CAN databus and
using these for open or closed loop control of the
different variables.
The PCM contains part of the PATS (passive
anti-theft system).
The PCM is supplied with battery voltage via a fuse
in the BJB (battery junction box). This power supply
is needed to ensure that saved data is not lost
when the engine is switched off.
For other power supply requirements, the PCM
switches on a relay in the BJB which is responsible
for supplying power to the PCM and to some
sensors and actuators. Each of these are protected
by fuses in the BJB.
To guarantee optimum engine running at all times,
the PCM has several adaptive (self-learning)
functions. These adapt the output signals to
changing circumstances, such as wear or system
faults.
In some cases a faulty signal is replaced with a
substitute value or limited. A substitute value can
be calculated from other signals or it can be
predefined by the PCM. The substitute value allows
the vehicle to keep on running without the emission
values changing unduly. Depending on the signal
failure, the PCM operates in emergency mode. In
this mode, the engine power and/or the engine
speed is reduced to prevent further damage.
Depending on the faulty signal, a fault code is
stored in the error memory of the PCM. These can be read out using IDS (Integrated Diagnostic
System) via the DLC.
The PCM processes and evaluates the signals
from the sensors. The following sensors send
signals to the PCM:
• CMP sensors
• CKP sensor
• MAF sensor
•KS
• ECT sensor
• TP sensor
• APP sensor
• Broadband HO2S
• Catalyst monitor sensor
• MAPT sensor
• Air conditioning (A/C) pressure sensor
• Alternator
• Fuel temperature and fuel pressure sensor
• Engine oil level, temperature and quality sensor
• Outside air temperature sensor
The following components receive signals from the
PCM:
• Powertrain Control Module relay
• A/C clutch relay
• injectors
• Direct ignition coils
• Cooling fan module
• Throttle control unit
• Camshaft adjuster solenoid valve
• Starter Relay
• EVAP purge valve
• Alternator
• Heating element - broadband HO2S
• Catalyst monitor sensor heating element
• FPDM
• Wastegate control valve
• Air conditioning compressor
The PCM receives the following signals via the
CAN databus:
• APP
•CPP
• BPP
• Vehicle speed.
• Refrigerant compressor request
• PAT S
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current value is reached. The PCM then
permanently connects the heating element to earth.
The catalyst monitor sensor is used by the PCM
to measure the oxygen content in the exhaust gas
in the TWC. If all the conditions for catalyst
diagnostics are met, based on this information the
PCM can check that the TWC is working
satisfactorily. The information is also used to
improve the air/fuel mixture adjustment.
The catalyst monitor sensor is similar in function
to an HO2S. The signal transmitted by the catalyst
monitor sensor changes sharply if the oxygen
content in the exhaust gas changes. For this
reason, catalyst monitor sensors are also called
"jump lambda sensors".
Fuel tank purging
The EVAP purge valve is only actuated by the PCM
if the coolant temperature is at least 60°C.
Actuation is done ground side by means of a PWM
signal. This makes it possible to have the full range
of opening widths, from fully closed to fully open.
The PCM determines from the operating conditions
when and how wide to open the EVAP tank purge
valve. If the EVAP purge valve is opened, the
engine sucks in ambient air through the activated
charcoal in the evaporative emission canister as
a result of the vacuum in the intake manifold. In
this way the adsorbed hydrocarbons are led to the
combustion chamber of the engine.
The EVAP tank purge valve is not actuated and
system cleaning is interrupted if the engine
switches to idle and/or a closed-loop control
process is initiated.
Power (battery voltage) is supplied via the
Powertrain Control Module relay in the BJB. The
solenoid coil resistance is between 17 and 24 ohms
at 20°C.
Engine speed control
The APP sensor provides the PCM with information
about the driver's request for acceleration.
The throttle control unit receives a corresponding
input signal from the PCM. An electric motor then
moves the throttle valve shaft by means of a set
of gears. The position of the throttle is continuously
recorded by the TP sensor. Information on throttle
position is processed and monitored by the PCM.
The TP sensor comprises two potentiometers.
These work in opposite ways to each other. In one
potentiometer, the resistance increases when the
throttle is opened, in the other it decreases. Thisallows the operation of the potentiometers to be
checked. The signal from the TP sensor is
amplified in the lower range (idle to a quarter open)
by the PCM to enable more precise control of the
throttle in this range. This is necessary because
the engine is very sensitive to changes in throttle
angle in this throttle opening range.
With the throttle valve position kept constant, the
ignition angle and the injected fuel quantity are
then varied to meet the torque demands.
Depending on the operating state of the engine, a
change in the position of the throttle flap may not
be necessary when the APP sensor changes.
If a fault develops in the throttle control unit, a
standby function is executed. This standby function
allows a slight opening of the throttle flap, so that
enough air passes through to allow limited engine
operation. For this purpose, there is a throttle flap
adjustment screw on the throttle housing. The
return spring closes the throttle flap until the stop
of the toothed segment touches the stop screw. In
this way a defined throttle flap gap is formed for
limp home mode.
The stop screw has a spring loaded pin, which
holds the throttle flap open for limp home mode.
In normal operating mode, this spring loaded pin
is pushed in by the force of the electric motor when
the throttle flap must be closed past the limp home
position (e.g. for idle speed control or overrun
shutoff).
Oil monitoring
The engine does not have an oil pressure
switch.
The oil level and oil quality are calculated.
Calculating the engine oil level
The oil level is determined by continuous
measurement of the capacitance (i.e. the ability to
store an electrical charge) between the two
capacitive elements of the engine oil
level/temperature/quality sensor. The different oil
levels cause the capacitance between the elements
to change. The data are recorded by the PCM and
converted into an oil level value. Temporary
fluctuations in oil level are automatically filtered out
by the PCM.
Calculating oil quality
The PCM calculates the oil quality from the oil level
measurement and the oil temperature measured
by the sensor, plus the engine speed and the
average fuel consumption. The driver is informed
about when an oil change is due.
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Calculation of valve timing adjustment
angle
The 2.5L Duratec (VI5) engine has two camshaft
adjustment units which work independently of each
other.
One camshaft adjustment solenoid is installed for
each intake camshaft and exhaust camshaft.
This allows the PCM to continuously adjust the
intake and exhaust-side camshaft adjustments
independently of one another. The timing is
adjusted by the PCM using curves; adjustment is
primarily done as a function of engine load and
engine speed.
In this way the engine performance is increased
and internal exhaust gas recirculation is realized.
The advantages of camshaft adjustment are as
follows:
• Higher torque and improved torquecharacteristics
• Reduced fuel consumption
• Improved emissions performance
The camshaft adjustment solenoids are actuated
by the PWM by means of a PCM signal.
Continuous adjustment of the camshafts by the
PCM is achieved by means of the camshaft
adjustment solenoids, the camshaft adjustment
units and two CMP sensors. A defined quantity of
engine is oil is supplied to or drained from the
adjustment units via the camshaft adjustment
solenoids. The existing EOP (engine oil pressure)
is taken into account in the process. In this way
the valve timings are adjusted according to the
operating condition of the engine. The camshaft
adjusters work according to the vane-cell principle.
On starting the engine, both camshafts are
mechanically locked in their starting positions. The
intake camshaft is in the maximum late position
and the exhaust camshaft in the maximum early
position.
Control is divided into four main areas:
• Low engine speed and low load
• Partial load
• Low engine speed and high load
• High engine speed and high load
At low engine speed and low load, the exhaust
valves open early and the intake valves open late.
The result is reduced fuel consumption and more
uniform idling. In the partial load range, the exhaust valves and
the intake valves open late. The late opening of
the exhaust valves results in a good utilization of
the expanding gases in the cylinder. Closing the
exhaust valves after Top Dead Center allows
internal exhaust gas recirculation through aspiration
of exhaust gases into the combustion chamber.
Moreover, the intake valves close after Bottom
Dead Centre, allowing the fresh air/fuel mixture
and exhaust gases to flow back into the intake
tract. The result is reduced fuel consumption and
low emissions.
At low engine speed and high engine load, the
exhaust valves open late and the intake valves
open early. Due to the resulting valve opening
overlap at Top Dead Centre, the pulsating gas
column within the combustion chamber is utilized
to achieve better charging of the combustion
chamber. The result is increased torque at lower
RPM.
At high engine speeds and high engine load, the
exhaust valves open early and the intake valves
close late. Because a rapid gas exchange must be
achieved at high engine speeds, the early opening
of the exhaust valves achieves better expulsion of
the exhaust gas and the late closing of the intake
valves improves cylinder charge efficiency.
Optimum power output is achieved.
Many other camshaft positions are possible in
addition to these settings.
In order to avoid a malfunction in the camshaft
adjustment units at excessively low ambient or
engine-oil temperatures, they are activated by the
PCM with a time delay via the camshaft adjustment
solenoids. The PCM receives the information
required for this from the ECT sensor and the
outside air temperature sensor.
When idling and during deceleration, the camshaft
adjustment solenoids are activated repeatedly by
the PCM in order to remove any dirt which may be
on the bore holes and ring grooves.
Boost pressure control
Optimum regulation is achieved by means of an
electronically-controlled solenoid valve, the boost
control solenoid valve.
Refer to:
Turbocharger (303-04 Fuel Charging and
Controls - Turbocharger - 2.5L Duratec
(147kW/200PS) - VI5, Description and
Operation).
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Description
Item
Coil-on-plug ignition coil
1
Spark plug connector
2
Low-voltage connection
3
Laminated soft-iron core
4Description
Item
Primary winding
5
Secondary winding
6
Spark plug
7
High-voltage connection via spring contact
8
In an ignition system with coil-on-plug ignition coils,
each cylinder is actuated individually and only once
per cycle (working stroke). The coil-on-plug ignition
coils are mounted directly on the spark plugs,
therefore no ignition cables are required between
the ignition coils and the spark plugs.
Each individual ignition coil is actuated on the
low-voltage side by the PCM. The power
end-stages are incorporated into the coil-on-plug
ignition coils. Only the actuating current for these
power end-stages is controlled by the PCM.
Fuel pressure/fuel temperature sensor
E73531
The fuel pressure/fuel temperature sensor is a
combination of two sensors, one for the fuel
absolute pressure and one for the fuel temperature.
The sensors register the fuel values in the fuel
injection supply manifold. The sensor is supplied
with a 5V voltage by the PCM.
The fuel pressure sensor is a piezoresistor and
works using an analog signal. The change in output
voltage mirrors the change in pressure in the fuel
rail. If the pressure is low, the output voltage is also
low.
The fuel temperature sensor is an NTC resistor.
When the fuel pressure/fuel temperature sensor is
disconnected, the resistance of the fuel
temperature sensor between connections 1 and 2
of the sensor can be measured.
Resistor
Temperature
5896 Ohm
0° C
3792 Ohm
10° C
2500 Ohm
20° C
1707 Ohm
30° C
1175 Ohm
40° C
The values of the fuel pressure/fuel temperature
sensor can be read out with IDS. The displayed
values are absolute values (fuel pressure +
atmospheric pressure).
Wastegate control valve
E73539
The boost control solenoid valve is a 2/3-way valve
that is actuated with a PWM signal. This allows the
valve opening to be steplessly adjusted.
Power (battery voltage) is supplied via the
Powertrain Control Module relay in the BJB. The
solenoid coil resistance is around 23 ohms at 20°
C.
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Engine oil level, temperature and quality
sensor
E95312
The sensor is a combined oil level and oil
temperature sensor.
The sensor consists of:
• Electrical connector
• Integral electronics
• PTC resistor
• Capacitive element consisting of two tubes witha space between them. The one tube represents
the positive side, the other the negative. The oil
between the tubes creates the capacitive
properties.
The sensor receives a 5V voltage from the PCM.
The sensor generates a PWM signal that is sent
to the PCM.
Exterior aor temperature sensor
The outside air temperature sensor is a NTC
resistor and is supplied with a 5V voltage by the
PCM.
The resistance of, and consequently the voltage
from, the outside air temperature sensor changes
as a function of temperature.
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