2007 ISUZU KB P190 automatic transmission fluid

Automatic Transmission – 4L60E – General Information Page 7C1–5
Clean and Inspect

Do not use solvents on neoprene seals,
composition faced clutch plates or thrust
washers as damage to parts may occur.
After complete disassembly of a component, wash all metal parts in a clean solvent and dry with compressed air. Blow
oil passages out and check to make sure they are not obstructed, small passages should be checked with tag wire. All
parts should be inspected to determine if replacement is required.
Pay particular attention to the following:
• Inspect linkage and pivot points for excessive wear.
• Bearing and thrust surfaces of all parts should be checked for excessive wear and scoring.
• Check for broken seal rings, damaged ring lands and damaged threads.
• Inspect seals for damage.
• Mating surfaces of castings should be checked for burrs. Irregularities may be removed by lapping the surface with
emery paper laid on a flat surface, such as a piece of plate glass.
• Castings should be checked for cracks and porosity.
1.3 7C2 Automatic Transmission – 4L60E –
Electrical Diagnosis
For transmissions fitted to V6 engines, the electrical diagnosis is in this Section. A new electrical circuit and control
module has been introduced for automatic transmissions fitted to the V6 engines.
1.4 7C3 Automatic Transmission – 4L60E – Hydraulic and Mechanical Diagnosis
Information contained in 7C3 Automatic Transmission – 4L60E – Hydraulic and Mechanical Diagnosis will assist in the
diagnosis of the mechanical and hydraulic components in the 4L60E automatic transmission, while the transmission
remains installed on the vehicle.
Examples of the type of diagnostic information contained within this section are:
• transmission functional test,
• line pressure information,
• transmission fluid diagnosis,
• symptom diagnosis and
• shift speed charts.
1.5 7C4 Automatic Transmission – 4L60E –
On-vehicle Servicing
Information in 7C4 Automatic Transmission – 4L60E – On-vehicle Servicing covers transmission fluid level checking, as
well as specific information for servicing some components while the transmission remains installed on the vehicle. This
Section also covers the transmission removal and reinstallation to the vehicle.

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ISUZU KB P190 2007

Automatic Transmission – 4L60E – General Information Page 7C1–8
2.4 System Protection Devices
Should 1st gear be selected and left in that range, the TCM will protect the engine from an over-speeding condition by
upshifting to 2nd gear at a pre-determined point. Similarly, the TCM provides high speed, downshift protection by
preventing a manual shift into 1st gear above pre-determined engine speeds.
Under severe operating conditions such as towing in high ambient temperatures, fluid temperatures can rise to a point
where lubrication breakdown can occur. In addition to having an oil cooler fitted to the vehicle, the 4L60E transmission is
also fitted with a transmission fluid temperature sensor located in the Transmission Range (TR) Pressure Switch
Assembly (PSA).
When fluid temperatures in excess of 135 °C are sensed, the torque converter clutch is applied as programmed, in 3rd or
4th gear. This action reduces further the fluid temperature during normal operation of the torque converter. While these
high fluid temperatures are sensed however, torque converter clutch apply is not available when the throttle opening is
above 50%.
Similarly, when the fluid temperature is below 29 °C, the TCM prevents torque converter clutch apply.
If a condition occurs, preventing electronic control of the transmission's functions, a 'Fail Safe' mode will default the
transmission to 3rd gear when either Drive or 3 is selected, applying also maximum line pressure. W hile in this mode, the
vehicle operator can still manually select 2, 1, Reverse, Park or Neutral, should the need arise.
2.5 Self Diagnosis
If any transmission operation controlled by the TCM begins to operate outside its pre-set parameters, the TCM has the
ability to store a range of diagnostic codes which can be accessed by the servicing technician, thereby localising the
problem.
2.6 TCM Sensors and Actuators
As indicated earlier, there are a number of sensors and switches providing input information for the TCM programming
that will allow the TCM to change the shift pattern, shift feel and torque converter clutch operation.
The TCM does this by comparing this input information with its predetermined values on shift pattern, fluid pressure
maps, shift duration parameters, extreme heat protection programming and adaptive controls.
In addition, each input signal and output actuator operation is also monitored and if outside its pre-set parameters, a
diagnostic code is logged for future reference by the servicing technician.

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ISUZU KB P190 2007

Automatic Transmission – 4L60E – General Information Page 7C1–9
3 Transmission Control Module
Operation Overview
3.1 Transmission Control Module
W ith the introduction of the new HFV6 engine, the powertrain architecture has been redesigned to accommodate this
introduction. W ith this design, a new bus architecture and protocol has also been introduced. The new bus connects the
following modules:
• engine control module (ECM),
• transmission control module (TCM),
• powertrain interface module (PIM) and
• ABS module.
The protocol used to communicate between these modules is called General Motors Local Area Network (GM LAN)
which is based on Controller Area Network (CAN) communication protocol. For further information on GM LAN protocol
and data bus structure, refer to 6E1 Powertrain Interface Module – V6.
Component Location
The TCM (1) is located under the instrument panel, it is attached to a bracket mounted to the firewall as shown in
Figure 7C1 – 2.
For the other components using the GM LAN databus, refer to 6E1 Powertrain Interface Module – V6.

Figure 7C1 – 2
Transmission Control Module Data Transfer
The TCM uses various information to control the shift of the transmission. Besides the direct inputs from the various
transmission sensors directly into the TCM, the TCM uses data from the GM LAN databus.
The inputs/outputs directly connected to the TCM from the transmission are:
• shift solenoids,
• torque converter clutch control,
• pressure control solenoid,
• transmission fluid temperature sensor and
• vehicle speed sensor.
Refer to 3.2 TCM Wiring Diagrams.
The transmission also receives inputs from the park/neutral position and back up lamp switch assembly.
The TCM needs other various data parameters to control the transmission correctly. These include throttle plate angle,
whether cruise control is engaged and active or not, engine RPM etc. These are provided to the TCM from the ECM via
serial data using GM LAN communication protocol.
The TCM also supplies information that is used by other components and systems within the vehicle such as the engine
control module (ECM) and instrument cluster. Any information that is required on the body side of the data bus (UART
protocol) is translated by the powertrain interface module (PIM). For further information on the data bus structure, the
PIM and its operation, refer to 6E1 Powertrain Interface Module – V6.

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ISUZU KB P190 2007

Automatic Transmission – 4L60E – General Information Page 7C1–10
Transmission Control Module Operation
The TCM processes data every 10 milliseconds from various sensors, such as throttle position, vehicle speed, gear
range, temperature, engine load and other inputs. The TCM compares all its various inputs with the internal programming
and calibration of the TCM using this data, a signal is transmitted to the valve body shift solenoids, which activate the
shift valves for precise shift control. Shift points are therefore precisely controlled and are identical from vehicle to vehic le.
The TCM also control torque converter clutch apply and release.
Shift feel is also electronically controlled by the TCM, by signals sent to the variable force solenoid, which controls fluid
line pressure and it is this pressure that precisely determines how the shifts will feel. In this way, the TCM electronically
synchronises the engine and transmission into a single integrated powertrain system for optimum performance, shift
timing, fuel efficiency and emission control.
3.2 TCM Wiring Diagrams
For details of the transmission control module (TCM) wiring diagrams, refer to 8A Electrical-Body and Chassis.

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ISUZU KB P190 2007

Automatic Transmission – 4L60E – General Information Page 7C1–12
General Definition
Check Ball A spherical, hydraulically controlled component (usually of steel) that either seals or
opens fluid circuits. It is also referred to as a check valve.
Clutch Pack An assembly of components generally consisting of clutch plates, an apply plate and a
backing plate.
Clutch Plate A hydraulically activated component that has two basic designs: (1) all steel, or (2) a
steel core with friction material bonded to one or two sides of the plate.
Control Valve Body A machined metal casting that contains valve trains and other hydraulically controlled components that shift the transmission.
Coupling Speed The speed at which a vehicle is travelling and no longer requires torque multiplication through the torque converter. At this point, the stator 'free wheels' to allow fluid leaving
the turbine to flow directly to the pump. (Also see Torque Converter).
De-energise(d) To interrupt the electrical current that flows to an electronically controlled device,
making it electrically inoperable.
Direct Drive A condition in a gears set where the input speed and input torque equals the output
speed and output torque. The gear ratio through the gear set is 1:1.
Downshift A change in a gear ratio where both input speed and torque increases.
Duty Cycle In reference to an electronically controlled solenoid, it is the amount of time (expressed
as a percentage) that current flows through the solenoid coil.
Energise(d) To supply a current to an electronically controlled device, enabling it to perform its
designed function.
Engine Compression Braking A condition where compression from the engine is used with the transmission to decrease vehicle speed.
Exhaust The release of fluid pressure from a hydraulic circuit. (The words 'exhausts' and
'exhausting' are also used and have the same intended meaning.)
Fail-safe Mode A condition whereby a component (i.e. engine or transmission) will partially function even if its electrical circuit is disabled.
Fluid In this Section of the Service Manual, 'fluid' refers primarily to automatic transmission
fluid (or ATF) and, for the Hydra-matic 4L60E transmission, the only recommended
fluid is Dexron
III.
Fluid Pressure A pressure that is consistent throughout a given fluid circuit.
Force A measurable effort that is exerted on an object (component).
Freewheeling A condition where power is lost through a driving or holding device (i.e. roller or sprag
clutches).
Friction Material A heat and wear resistant fibrous material, bonded to clutch plates and bands.
Gear A round, toothed device that is used for transmitting torque through other components.
Gear Range A specific speed to torque ratio at which the transmission is operating (i.e. 1st gear,
2nd gear etc.).
Gear Ratio Revolutions of an input gear as compared to the revolutions of an output gear. It can
also be expressed as the number of teeth on a gear as compared to the number of
teeth on a gear that it is in mesh with.
Hydraulic Circuit A fluid passage which often includes the mechanical components in that circuit
designed to perform a specific function.
Input A starting point for torque, revolutions or energy into another component of the
transmission.
Internal Gear The outermost member of a gear set that has gear teeth in constant mesh with the
planetary pinion gears of the gear set.
Land (Valve Land) The larger diameters of a spool valve that contact the valve bore or bushing.

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ISUZU KB P190 2007

Automatic Transmission – 4L60E – General Information Page 7C1–13
General Definition
Line Pressure The main fluid pressure in a hydraulic system created by the pump and pressure
regulator valve.
Manual Valve A spool valve that distributes fluid to various hydraulic circuits and is mechanically
linked to the gear selector lever.
Orifice A restricting device (usually a hole in the spacer plate) for controlling pressure build up
into another circuit.
Overdrive An operating condition in the gear set allowing output speed to be higher than input
speed and output torque to be lower than input torque.
Overrunning The function of a one-way mechanical clutch that allows the clutch to freewheel during certain operating conditions of the transmission.
Pedal Position The percentage angle of the accelerator pedal as displayed by Tech 2.
Pinion Gears Pinion gears (housed in a carrier) that are in constant mesh with a circumferential
internal gear and centralised sun gear.
Planetary Gear Set An assembly of gears that consists of an internal gear, planet pinion gears with a carrier, and a sun gear.
Pressure A measurable force that is exerted on an area and expressed as kilopascals (kPa).
Pulse Width Modulated (PW M) An electronic signal that continuously cycles the On and Off time of a device (such as
a solenoid) while varying the amount of On time.
Race (Inner or Outer) A highly polished steel surface that contacts bearings or sprag or roller elements.
Reduction (Gear Reduction) An operating condition in the gear set allowing output speed to be lower than input speed and output torque to be higher than input torque.
Residual Fluid Pressure Excess pressure contained within an area after the supply pressure has been terminated.
Roller Clutch A mechanical clutch (holding device) consisting of roller bearings assembled between inner and outer races.
Servo A spring loaded device consisting of a piston in a bore that is operated (stroked) by
hydraulic pressure to apply or release a band.
Spool Valve A round hydraulic control valve often containing a variety of land and valley diameters.
Sprag Clutch A mechanical clutch (holding device consisting of "figure eight" like elements
assembled between inner and outer races.
Staking The effect of deforming, peening over or riveting a shaft to provide a solid mounting.
Throttle Position The travel of the throttle plate that is expressed in percentages and measured by
Tech 2.
Torque A measurable twisting force expressed in terms of Newton metres (Nm).
Torque Converter A component of an automatic transmission, (attached to the engine flex plate) that
transfers torque from the engine to the transmission through a fluid coupling.
Torx Plus Bit A special tool used for the removal of the bell housing. Precision tip fit means that cam
out of the bolt head is virtually eliminated.
NOTE
Torx 
Plus Bits are different from normal Torx 
Bits
Transmission Control Module
(TCM) An electronic device that manages the vehicle's engine and automatic transmission
functions.
Variable Capacity Pump The device that provides fluid for operating the hydraulic circuits in the transmission. The amount of fluid supplied varies depending on vehicle operating conditions.

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Automatic Transmission – 4L60E – General Information Page 7C1–14
4.4 Abbreviations
Abbreviation Definition
2W D Two W heel Drive.
AC Alternating Current
A/C Air Conditioning
AFL Actuator Feed Limit
4W D Four W heel Drive
DC Direct Current
D.C Duty Cycle
DLC Diagnostic Link Connector
DTC Diagnostic Trouble Code
ECM Engine Control Module
ECT Sensor Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor.
ETC Electronic Throttle Control
N.C Normally Closed
N.O. Normally Open
PCS Pressure Control Solenoid (or Force Motor)
PIM Powertrain Interface Module
PW M Pulse W idth Modulated
RWD Rear Wheel Drive.
TCC Torque Converter Clutch.
TCM Transmission Control Module
TFP Switch Transmission Fluid Pressure Manual Valve Position Switch
TFT Transmission Fluid Temperature Sensor.
TP Sensor Throttle Position Sensor.
VS Sensor Vehicle Speed Sensor.

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Automatic Transmission – 4L60E – General Information Page 7C1–15
5 Service Notes
In the interests of safety to personnel, equipment and to the vehicle and its components, read and adhere to the following
notes whenever servicing operations are to be carried out on the Hydra-matic 4L60E automatic transmission. In addition,
some of this information also refers to sound workshop practices and, to achieve the design life of affected components.
Fasteners
• Always reinstall fasteners in the same locations as they were removed.
• If a fastener requires replacement, always use a part of the correct part number or of equal size and strength or
stronger.
General Workshop Practice
• Keep work area and tools clean.
• To avoid unnecessary contamination, always clean the exterior of the transmission before removing any parts.
• Do not use wiping cloths or rags because of the risk of lint being trapped in the transmission.
• Do not use solvents on:
• neoprene seals,
• composition faced clutch plates, or
• thrust washers.
• Always wear eye protection when using compressed air.
• Blow out all passages with compressed air. Only probe small passages with soft, thin wire.
• Handle parts with care to avoid nicks and scratches.
• Do not remove Teflon oil seal rings unless damaged or performing a complete overhaul.
• Expand internal snap rings and compress external snap rings to maximise retention and security.
• Lubricate all internal parts with transmission fluid (only use Dexron® III), as they are being installed.
• When installing cap screws into aluminium castings:
• always use a torque wrench and
• stripped or damaged threads in aluminium castings may be reconditioned by using commercially available
thread inserts.
• Once removed, replace all gaskets, seals and O-rings with new parts.
• Always use seal protectors where indicated and do not use gasket cement or sealant on any joined face unless
specified to do so.

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