2005 NISSAN X-TRAIL engine coolant

GI-48
TERMINOLOGY

TERMINOLOGYPFP:00011
SAE J1930 Terminology List EAS000GH
All emission related terms used in this publication in accordance with SAE J1930 are listed. Accordingly, new
terms, new acronyms/abbreviations and old terms are listed in the following chart.
NEW TERMNEW ACRONYM /
ABBREVIATIONOLD TERM
Air cleaner ACL Air cleaner
Barometric pressure BARO ***
Barometric pressure sensor-BCDD BAROS-BCDD BCDD
Camshaft position CMP ***
Camshaft position sensor CMPS Crank angle sensor
Canister *** Canister
Carburetor CARB Carburetor
Charge air cooler CAC Intercooler
Closed loop CL Closed loop
Closed throttle position switch CTP switch Idle switch
Clutch pedal position switch CPP switch Clutch switch
Continuous fuel injection system CFI system ***
Continuous trap oxidizer system CTOX system ***
Crankshaft position CKP ***
Crankshaft position sensor CKPS ***
Data link connector DLC ***
Data link connector for CONSULT-II DLC for CONSULT-II Diagnostic connector for CONSULT-II
Diagnostic test mode DTM Diagnostic mode
Diagnostic test mode selector DTM selector Diagnostic mode selector
Diagnostic test mode I DTM I Mode I
Diagnostic test mode II DTM II Mode II
Diagnostic trouble code DTC Malfunction code
Direct fuel injection system DFI system ***
Distributor ignition system DI system Ignition timing control
Early fuel evaporation-mixture heater EFE-mixture heater Mixture heater
Early fuel evaporation system EFE system Mixture heater control
Electrically erasable programmable read
only memoryEEPROM ***
Electronic ignition system EI system Ignition timing control
Engine control EC ***
Engine control module ECM ECCS control unit
Engine coolant temperature ECT Engine temperature
Engine coolant temperature sensor ECTS Engine temperature sensor
Engine modification EM ***
Engine speed RPM Engine speed
Erasable programmable read only memory EPROM ***
Evaporative emission canister EVAP canister Canister
Evaporative emission system EVAP system Canister control solenoid valve
Exhaust gas recirculation valve EGR valve EGR valve

EM-1
ENGINE MECHANICAL
B ENGINE
CONTENTS
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SECTION EM
A
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ENGINE MECHANICAL
QR
PRECAUTIONS .......................................................... 5
Precautions for Drain Engine Coolant ...................... 5
Precautions for Disconnecting Fuel Piping .............. 5
Precautions for Removal and Disassembly ............. 5
Precautions for Inspection, Repair and Replace-
ment ......................................................................... 5
Precautions for Assembly and Installation ............... 5
Parts Requiring Angle Tightening ............................. 5
Precautions for Liquid Gasket .................................. 6
REMOVAL OF LIQUID GASKET .......................... 6
LIQUID GASKET APPLICATION PROCEDURE ..... 6
PREPARATION ........................................................... 7
Special Service Tools ............................................... 7
Commercial Service Tools ........................................ 9
NOISE, VIBRATION AND HARSHNESS (NVH)
TROUBLESHOOTING ...............................................11
NVH Troubleshooting — Engine Noise ................... 11
Use the Chart Below to Help You Find the Cause
of the Symptom. ..................................................... 12
DRIVE BELTS ........................................................... 13
Checking Drive Belts .............................................. 13
Tension Adjustment ................................................ 13
Removal and Installation ........................................ 13
REMOVAL ........................................................... 13
INSTALLATION ................................................... 14
Removal and Installation of Drive Belt Auto-Ten-
sioner ..................................................................... 14
REMOVAL ........................................................... 14
INSTALLATION ................................................... 15
AIR CLEANER AND AIR DUCT ............................... 16
Removal and Installation ........................................ 16
REMOVAL ........................................................... 16
INSTALLATION ................................................... 17
Changing Air Cleaner Filter .................................... 17
REMOVAL ........................................................... 17
INSTALLATION ................................................... 17
INTAKE MANIFOLD ................................................. 18
Removal and Installation (QR20DE) ...................... 18
REMOVAL ........................................................... 18INSTALLATION ................................................... 19
INSPECTION AFTER INSTALLATION ................ 20
Removal and Installation (QR25DE) ...................... 21
REMOVAL ........................................................... 21
INSPECTION AFTER REMOVAL ....................... 23
INSTALLATION ................................................... 23
INSPECTION AFTER INSTALLATION ................ 24
EXHAUST MANIFOLD AND THREE WAY CATA-
LYST .......................................................................... 25
Removal and Installation ........................................ 25
REMOVAL ........................................................... 25
INSPECTION AFTER REMOVAL ....................... 26
INSTALLATION ................................................... 26
OIL PAN AND OIL STRAINER ................................. 27
Removal and Installation ........................................ 27
REMOVAL ........................................................... 27
INSPECTION AFTER REMOVAL ....................... 29
INSTALLATION ................................................... 29
INSPECTION AFTER INSTALLATION ................ 30
IGNITION COIL ......................................................... 31
Removal and Installation ........................................ 31
REMOVAL ........................................................... 31
INSTALLATION ................................................... 31
SPARK PLUG ........................................................... 32
Removal and Installation ........................................ 32
REMOVAL ........................................................... 32
INSPECTION AFTER REMOVAL (EXCEPT
RUSSIA) .............................................................. 32
INSPECTION AFTER REMOVAL (FOR RUS-
SIA) ..................................................................... 33
INSTALLATION ................................................... 33
FUEL INJECTOR AND FUEL TUBE ........................ 34
Removal and Installation (QR20DE) ...................... 34
REMOVAL ........................................................... 34
INSTALLATION ................................................... 36
INSPECTION AFTER INSTALLATION ................ 38
Removal and Installation (QR25DE) ...................... 39
REMOVAL ........................................................... 39
INSTALLATION ................................................... 41
INSPECTION AFTER INSTALLATION ................ 43

EM-3
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YD22DDTi
PRECAUTIONS ...................................................... 130
Precautions for Draining Engine Coolant ............. 130
Precautions for Disconnecting Fuel Piping .......... 130
Precautions for Removal and Disassembly ......... 130
Precautions for Inspection, Repair and Replace-
ment ..................................................................... 130
Precautions for Assembly and Installation ........... 130
Parts Requiring Angle Tightening ......................... 130
Precautions For Liquid Gasket ............................. 131
REMOVAL OF LIQUID GASKET ...................... 131
LIQUID GASKET APPLICATION PROCEDURE . 131
PREPARATION ....................................................... 132
Special Service Tools ........................................... 132
Commercial Service Tools .................................... 136
NOISE, VIBRATION AND HARSHNESS (NVH)
TROUBLESHOOTING ............................................ 138
NVH Troubleshooting — Engine Noise ................ 138
Use the Chart Below to Help You Find the Cause
of the Symptom. ................................................... 139
DRIVE BELTS ......................................................... 140
Checking Drive Belts ............................................ 140
Tension Adjustment .............................................. 140
A/C COMPRESSOR BELT ............................... 141
ALTERNATOR AND WATER PUMP BELT ....... 141
Removal and Installation ...................................... 141
REMOVAL ......................................................... 141
INSTALLATION ................................................. 141
AIR CLEANER AND AIR DUCT ............................. 142
Removal and Installation ...................................... 142
REMOVAL ......................................................... 142
INSTALLATION ................................................. 142
CHANGING AIR CLEANER FILTER ................. 143
CHARGE AIR COOLER ......................................... 144
Removal and Installation ...................................... 144
REMOVAL ......................................................... 144
INSPECTION AFTER REMOVAL ..................... 144
INSTALLATION ................................................. 144
INTAKE MANIFOLD ............................................... 146
Removal and Installation ...................................... 146
REMOVAL ......................................................... 146
INSPECTION AFTER REMOVAL ..................... 147
INSTALLATION ................................................. 147
INSPECTION AFTER INSTALLATION ............. 148
CATALYST .............................................................. 149
Removal and Installation ...................................... 149
REMOVAL ......................................................... 149
INSTALLATION ................................................. 150
EXHAUST MANIFOLD AND TURBOCHARGER .. 151
Removal and Installation ...................................... 151
REMOVAL ......................................................... 151
INSTALLATION ................................................. 152
INSPECTION AFTER INSTALLATION ............. 152
Disassembly and Assembly ................................. 153
DISASSEMBLY ................................................. 153
ASSEMBLY ....................................................... 153INSPECTION AFTER DISASSEMBLY ..............154
Turbocharger ........................................................154
ROTOR SHAFT CLEARANCE ..........................154
ROTOR SHAFT END PLAY ..............................155
TURBINE WHEEL .............................................155
COMPRESSOR WHEEL ...................................155
TURBOCHARGER BOOST CONTROL ACTU-
ATOR .................................................................155
TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS OF TURBOCHARGER .156
OIL PAN AND OIL STRAINER ...............................157
Removal and Installation ......................................157
REMOVAL .........................................................157
INSPECTION AFTER REMOVAL .....................159
INSTALLATION .................................................159
INSPECTION AFTER INSTALLATION ..............161
GLOW PLUG ..........................................................162
Removal and Installation ......................................162
REMOVAL .........................................................162
INSTALLATION .................................................162
VACUUM PUMP ......................................................163
Removal and Installation ......................................163
INSPECTION BEFORE REMOVAL ..................163
REMOVAL .........................................................163
INSTALLATION .................................................164
INSPECTION AFTER INSTALLATION ..............165
Disassembly and Assembly ..................................165
DISASSEMBLY .................................................165
ASSEMBLY .......................................................166
INJECTION TUBE AND FUEL INJECTOR ............167
Removal and Installation ......................................167
REMOVAL .........................................................167
INSTALLATION .................................................169
INSPECTION AFTER INSTALLATION ..............170
FUEL PUMP ............................................................171
Removal and Installation ......................................171
REMOVAL .........................................................171
INSPECTION AFTER REMOVAL .....................175
INSTALLATION .................................................175
ROCKER COVER ...................................................178
Removal and Installation ......................................178
REMOVAL .........................................................178
INSTALLATION .................................................179
INSPECTION AFTER INSTALLATION ..............179
CAMSHAFT ............................................................180
Removal and Installation ......................................180
REMOVAL .........................................................180
INSPECTION AFTER REMOVAL .....................181
INSTALLATION .................................................184
Valve Clearance ...................................................185
INSPECTION ....................................................185
ADJUSTMENTS ................................................187
OIL SEAL ................................................................190
Removal and Installation of Valve Oil Seal ...........190
REMOVAL .........................................................190
INSTALLATION .................................................190
Removal and Installation of Front Oil Seal ...........191
REMOVAL .........................................................191

PRECAUTIONS
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[QR]PRECAUTIONSPFP:00001
Precautions for Drain Engine CoolantEBS00KN0
Drain engine coolant when engine is cooled.
Precautions for Disconnecting Fuel PipingEBS00KN1

Before starting work, make sure no fire or spark producing items are in the work area.

Release fuel pressure before disassembly.

After disconnecting pipes, plug openings to stop fuel leakage.
Precautions for Removal and DisassemblyEBS00KN2

When instructed to use special service tools, use the specified tools. Always be careful to work safely,
avoid forceful or uninstructed operations.

Exercise maximum care to avoid damage to mating or sliding surfaces.

Cover openings of engine system with tape or the equivalent, if necessary, to seal out foreign materials.

Mark and arrange disassembly parts in an organized way for easy troubleshooting and re-assembly.

When loosening nuts and bolts, as a basic rule, start with the one furthest outside, then the one diagonally
opposite, and so on. If the order of loosening is specified, do exactly as specified.
Precautions for Inspection, Repair and ReplacementEBS00KN3
Before repairing or replacing, thoroughly inspect parts. Inspect new replacement parts in the same way, and
replace if necessary.
Precautions for Assembly and InstallationEBS00MRZ

Use torque wrench to tighten bolts or nuts to specification.

When tightening nuts and bolts, as a basic rule, equally tighten in several different steps starting with the
ones in center, then ones on inside and outside diagonally in this order. If the order of tightening is speci-
fied, do exactly as specified.

Replace with new gasket, packing, oil seal or O-ring.

Dowel pins are used for several parts alignment. When replacing and reassembling with dowel pins, make
sure that dowel pins are installed in the original portion.

Thoroughly wash, clean, and air-blow each part. Carefully check oil or coolant passages for any restriction
and blockage.

Avoid damaging sliding or mating surfaces. Completely remove foreign materials such as cloth lint or dust.
Before assembly, oil sliding surfaces well.

Release air within route when refilling after draining coolant.

Before starting engine, apply fuel pressure to fuel lines with turning ignition switch “ON” (with engine
stopped). Then make sure there are no leaks at fuel line connections.

After repairing, start engine and increase engine speed to check engine coolant, fuel, engine oil, and
exhaust systems for leakage.
Parts Requiring Angle TighteningEBS00KN5

Use an angle wrench (special service tool: KV10112100) for the final tightening of the following engine
parts.
–Cylinder head bolts
–Lower cylinder block bolts
–Connecting rod cap bolts
–Crankshaft pulley bolt (No angle wrench is required as the bolt flange is provided with notches for angle
tightening)
–Balancer unit

Do not use a torque value for final tightening.

The torque value for these parts are for a preliminary step.

Ensure thread and seat surfaces are clean and coated with engine oil.

EM-6
[QR]
PRECAUTIONS

Precautions for Liquid GasketEBS00MRW
REMOVAL OF LIQUID GASKET

After removing the mounting bolts and nuts, separate the mating
surface using a seal cutter (special service tool) and remove the
old liquid gasket sealing.
CAUTION:
Be careful not to damage the mating surfaces.

Tap seal cutter to insert it (1), and then slide it (2) by tapping on
the side as shown in the figure.

In areas where seal cutter is difficult to use, use plastic hammer
to lightly tap the areas where the liquid gasket is applied.
CAUTION:
If for some unavoidable reason tool such as screwdriver is
used, be careful not to damage the mating surfaces.
LIQUID GASKET APPLICATION PROCEDURE
1. Using a scraper, remove the old liquid gasket adhering to the liq-
uid gasket application surface and the mating surface.

Remove the liquid gasket completely from the groove of the
liquid gasket application surface, mounting bolts and bolt
holes.
2. Wipe the liquid gasket application surface and the mating sur-
face with white gasoline (lighting and heating use) to remove
adhering moisture, grease and foreign materials.
3. Attach liquid gasket tube to the tube presser (special service
tool).
Use Genuine Liquid Gasket or equivalent.
4. Apply the liquid gasket without breaks to the specified location
with the specified dimensions.

If there is a groove for the liquid gasket application, apply the
liquid gasket to the groove.

As for the bolt holes, normally apply the liquid gasket inside
the holes. Occasionally, it should be applied outside the
holes. Make sure to read the text of service manual.

Within five minutes of liquid gasket application, install the mat-
ing component.

If the liquid gasket protrudes, wipe it off immediately.

Do not retighten mounting bolts or nut after the installation.

Wait 30 minutes or more after installation before refilling
engine oil and engine coolant.
CAUTION:
If there are instructions in this manual, observe them.
PBIC0275E
PBIC0003E
PBIC2160E
SEM159F

EM-14
[QR]
DRIVE BELTS

INSTALLATION
1. Hold the hexagonal part in center of drive belt auto-tensioner
pulley with a box wrench securely. Then move the wrench han-
dle in the direction of arrow (loosening direction of tensioner).
CAUTION:

Avoid placing hand in a location where pinching may
occur if the holding tool accidentally comes off.

Do not loosen the hexagonal part in center of drive belt
auto-tensioner pulley (Do not turn it counterclockwise). If
turned counterclockwise, the complete drive belt auto-
tensioner must be replaced as a unit, including the pul-
ley.
2. Insert a rod approximately 6 mm (0.24 in) in diameter such as
short-length screwdriver into the hole of retaining boss to fix drive belt auto-tensioner pulley.
3. Hook drive belt onto all pulleys except for water pump, and then onto water pump pulley finally.
CAUTION:

Confirm drive belt is completely set to pulleys.

Check for engine oil, working fluid and engine coolant are not adhered to drive belt and each
pulley groove.
4. Release drive belt auto-tensioner, and apply tension to drive belt.
5. Turn crankshaft pulley clockwise several times to equalize tension between each pulley.
6. Confirm tension of drive belt at indicator (notch on fixed side) is within the possible use range. Refer to
EM-13, "
Checking Drive Belts" .
Removal and Installation of Drive Belt Auto-TensionerEBS00KNA
REMOVAL
CAUTION:
The complete drive belt auto-tensioner must be replaced as a unit, including the pulley.
1. Remove splash guard on RH undercover.
2. Remove drive belt. Refer to EM-13, "
Removal and Installation" .
3. Release the fixed drive belt auto-tensioner pulley.
4. Remove drive belt auto-tensioner.
PBIC2627E
1. Drive belt auto-tensioner 2. Water pump pulley
PBIC2170E

TIMING CHAIN
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Hood assembly; Refer to BL-12, "HOOD" .

RH and LH undercovers

PCV hose; Refer to EM-18, "INTAKE MANIFOLD" .

Ignition coil; Refer to EM-31, "IGNITION COIL" .

Rocker cover; Refer to EM-44, "ROCKER COVER" .

Engine coolant reservoir tank; Refer to CO-12, "RADIATOR" .

Drive belt; Refer to EM-13, "REMOVAL" .

Alternator; Refer to SC-13, "CHARGING SYSTEM" .

Drive belt auto-tensioner; Refer to EM-14, "REMOVAL" .

Exhaust front tube; Refer to EX-2, "EXHAUST SYSTEM" .
2. Remove A/C compressor from engine. Temporarily secure A/C compressor to vehicle side with a rope to
avoid putting a load on them.
3. Remove bracket mounting bolts for fixing A/C piping on right strut housing and exhaust manifold cover.
Doing so simplifies moving.
4. Remove power steering oil pump with piping connected, and secure it to vehicle side temporarily. Refer to
PS-37, "
HYDRAULIC LINE" .
5. Remove power steering reservoir tank from bracket to move power steering piping. Refer to PS-37,
"HYDRAULIC LINE" .
CAUTION:
To avoid power steering fluid leakage, temporarily fix power steering reservoir tank vertically.
6. Install engine slingers into front left of cylinder head and rear
right of cylinder head.

Use alternator bracket mounting bolt holes for the front side.
7. Lift with hoist, and support the engine posture.
8. Remove RH engine mounting insulator and bracket. Refer to EM-81, "
ENGINE ASSEMBLY" .
9. Remove engine mounting related parts below. Refer to EM-81, "
Removal and Installation (2WD Models)"
(2WD models) or EM-85, "Removal and Installation (4WD Models)" (4WD models).

RH engine mounting insulator

Center member

Rear engine mounting bracket (2WD models)
10. Drain engine oil. Refer to LU-8, "
Changing Engine Oil" .
11. Remove oil pan (upper and lower), and oil strainer. Refer to EM-27, "
OIL PAN AND OIL STRAINER" .
12. Remove intake valve timing control cover.

Loosen bolts in reverse order as shown in the figure.

U s e a s e a l c u t t e r ( s p e c i a l s e r v i c e t o o l : K V 1 0 1111 0 0 ) o r e q u i v -
alent tool to cut liquid gasket for removal.
CAUTION:
Be careful not to damage mounting surface.
13. Pull chain guide between camshaft sprockets out through front cover.Slinger bolts:
Front
: 57.9 N·m (5.9 kg-m, 43 ft-lb)
Rear
: 28.0 N·m (2.9 kg-m, 21 ft-lb)
SBIA0271E
KBIA0085E

TIMING CHAIN
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INSPECTION AFTER INSTALLATION
Inspection for Leaks
The following are procedures for checking fluids leak, lubricates leak and exhaust gases leak.

Before starting engine, check oil/fluid levels including engine coolant and engine oil. If less than required
quantity, fill to the specified level. Refer to MA-17, "
RECOMMENDED FLUIDS AND LUBRICANTS" .

Use procedure below to check for fuel leakage.
–Turn ignition switch “ON” (with engine stopped). With fuel pressure applied to fuel piping, check for fuel
leakage at connection points.
–Start engine. With engine speed increased, check again for fuel leakage at connection points.

Run engine to check for unusual noise and vibration.
NOTE:
If hydraulic pressure inside timing chain tensioner drops after removal/installation, slack in the guide may
generate a pounding noise during and just after engine start. However, this is normal. Noise will stop after
hydraulic pressure rises.

Warm up engine thoroughly to make sure there is no leakage of fuel, exhaust gases, or any oil/fluids
including engine oil and engine coolant.

Bleed air from lines and hoses of applicable lines, such as in cooling system.

After cooling down engine, again check oil/fluid levels including engine oil and engine coolant. Refill to the
specified level, if necessary.
Summary of the inspection items:
* Transmission/transaxle/CVT fluid, power steering fluid, brake fluid, etc.Item Before starting engine Engine running After engine stopped
Engine coolant Level Leakage Level
Engine oil Level Leakage Level
Other oils and fluid* Level Leakage Level
Fuel Leakage Leakage Leakage
Exhaust gases — Leakage —