2004 INFINITI FX35 No crank no power

ENGINE ASSEMBLY
EM-237
[VK45DE]
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Revision: 2004 November 2004 FX35/FX45
2. Drain engine coolant from radiator. Refer to CO-36, "Changing Engine Coolant" .
3. Disconnect both battery terminal. Refer to SC-4, "
BATTERY" .
4. Remove crankshaft position sensor (POS) from transmission.
CAUTION:

Handle carefully to avoid dropping and shocks.

Do not disassemble.

Do not allow metal powder to adhere to magnetic part at sensor tip.

Do not place sensors in a location where they are exposed to magnetism.
5. Remove the following parts:

Hood assembly; Refer to BL-14, "HOOD" .

Engine cover; Refer to EM-168, "ENGINE ROOM COVER" .

Front and rear engine undercover

Air duct (inlet), air duct and air cleaner case assembly; Refer to EM-172, "AIR CLEANER AND AIR
DUCT" .

Drive belts; Refer to EM-169, "DRIVE BELTS" .

Radiator and radiator hoses (upper and lower); Refer to CO-39, "RADIATOR" .

Front road wheels and tires
6. Discharge refrigerant from A/C circuit. Refer to ATC-137, "
REFRIGERANT LINES" .
Engine Room LH
1. Disconnect engine room harness from the engine side and set it aside for easier work.
2. Disconnect heater hoses, and install plugs to avoid leakage of engine coolant.
3. Disconnect ground cable from exhaust manifold cover to vehicle.
4. Disconnect vacuum hose between vehicle and engine and set it aside.
5. Remove A/C piping from A/C compressor, and temporarily fasten it on vehicle with a rope. Refer to AT C -
139, "Components" .
Engine Room RH
1. Disconnect fuel feed hose and EVAP hose. Refer to EM-188, "FUEL INJECTOR AND FUEL TUBE" .
CAUTION:
Fit plugs onto disconnected hose to prevent fuel leak.
2. Disconnect engine room harness from the engine side and set it aside for easier work.
3. Disconnect ground cable from exhaust manifold cover to vehicle.
4. Disconnect vacuum hose between vehicle and engine and set it aside.
5. Disconnect reservoir tank of power steering oil pump from engine, and move it aside for easier work.
CAUTION:
When temporarily securing, keep reservoir tank upright to avoid a fluid leak.
Vehicle underbody
1. Remove front cross bar. Refer to FSU-6, "FRONT SUSPENSION ASSEMBLY" .
2. Disconnect power steering oil pump from engine. Move it from its location and secure with a rope for eas-
ier work. Refer to PS-33, "
Removal and Installation (VK45DE models)" .
3. Remove A/T fluid cooler tube. Refer to AT- 2 6 9 , "
Removal and Installation (AWD models)" .
4. Remove exhaust front tube and center muffler with power tool. Refer to EX-3, "
EXHAUST SYSTEM" .
5. Remove RH and LH transverse link mounting bolts and nuts. Refer to FSU-14, "
TRANSVERSE LINK" .
6. Disconnect stabilizer connecting rod lower. Refer to FSU-6, "
FRONT SUSPENSION ASSEMBLY" .
7. Remove A/T control rod at control device assembly side. Then temporarily secure it on transmission, so
that it does not sag. Refer to AT- 2 3 3 , "
SHIFT CONTROL SYSTEM" .
8. Remove rear plate cover, then remove drive plate to torque converter connecting bolts. Refer to AT- 2 6 9 ,
"Removal and Installation (AWD models)" .
9. Disconnect steering lower joint at power steering gear assembly side, and release steering lower shaft.
Refer to PS-12, "
STEERING COLUMN" .
10. Remove rear propeller shaft. Refer to PR-6, "
REAR PROPELLER SHAFT" .

GI-54
TERMINOLOGY
Revision: 2004 November 2004 FX35/FX45
Nonvolatile random access memory NVRAM ***
On board diagnostic system OBD system Self-diagnosis
Open loop OL Open loop
Oxidation catalyst OC Catalyst
Oxidation catalytic converter system OC system ***
Oxygen sensor O2S Exhaust gas sensor
Park position switch *** Park switch
Park/neutral position switch PNP switchPark/neutral switch
Inhibitor switch
Neutral position switch
Periodic trap oxidizer system PTOX system ***
Positive crankcase ventilation PCV Positive crankcase ventilation
Positive crankcase ventilation valve PCV valve PCV valve
Powertrain control module PCM ***
Programmable read only memory PROM ***
Pulsed secondary air injection control sole-
noid valvePAIRC solenoid valve AIV control solenoid valve
Pulsed secondary air injection system PAIR system Air induction valve (AIV) control
Pulsed secondary air injection valve PAIR valve Air induction valve
Random access memory RAM ***
Read only memory ROM ***
Scan tool ST ***
Secondary air injection pump AIR pump ***
Secondary air injection system AIR system ***
Sequential multiport fuel injection system SFI system Sequential fuel injection
Service reminder indicator SRI ***
Simultaneous multiport fuel injection sys-
tem*** Simultaneous fuel injection
Smoke puff limiter system SPL system ***
Supercharger SC ***
Supercharger bypass SCB ***
System readiness test SRT ***
Thermal vacuum valve TVV Thermal vacuum valve
Three way catalyst TWC Catalyst
Three way catalytic converter system TWC system ***
Three way + oxidation catalyst TWC + OC Catalyst
Three way + oxidation catalytic converter
systemTWC + OC system ***
Throttle body TBThrottle chamber
SPI body
Throttle body fuel injection system TBI system Fuel injection control
Throttle position TP Throttle position
Throttle position sensor TPS Throttle sensor
Throttle position switch TP switch Throttle switch
Torque converter clutch solenoid valve TCC solenoid valveLock-up cancel solenoid
Lock-up solenoid NEW TERMNEW ACRONYM /
ABBREVIATIONOLD TERM

IDX-3
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IDX
ALPHABETICAL INDEX
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Camshaft inspection(VK45DE) ........................ EM-209
Camshaft inspection(VQ35DE) ......................... EM-84
Camshaft position sensor (PHASE) .. EC-308, EC-966
Camshaft(VK45DE) ......................................... EM-208
Camshaft(VQ35DE) ........................................... EM-82
CAN .................................................................... DI-29
CAN - Wiring diagram ......... EC-143, EC-793, LAN-22,
LAN-53
, LAN-89, LAN-135, LAN-169, LAN-208
CAN (Controller Area Network) . BL-25, BL-59, BL-93,
BL-185
, GW-22, GW-88, RF-13, SE-16, LAN-6, LAN-21,
LAN-52
, LAN-87, LAN-133, LAN-167, LAN-206
CAN communication EC-36, EC-142, EC-684, EC-792,
AT-31
, AT-105, TF-12, TF-31, WT-9, BRC-11, BL-25,
BL-59
, BL-93, BL-185, GW-22, GW-88, RF-13, SE-16,
WW-9
, LAN-6, LAN-21, LAN-52, LAN-87, LAN-133,
LAN-167
, LAN-206
Canister-See EVAP canister ........... EC-646, EC-1323
CHARGE - Wiring diagram ................................ SC-24
Charging system ................................................ SC-23
Chassis and body maintenance ........................ MA-28
CHIME - Wiring diagram ..................................... DI-59
CIGAR - Wiring diagram .................................. WW-52
Cigarette lighter ............................................... WW-52
Cigarette lighter illumination ............................. LT-156
Circuit breaker ................................................... PG-17
Clock ................................................................... DI-79
CLOCK - Wiring diagram .................................... DI-79
Closed loop control .............................. EC-33, EC-680
Collision diagnosis ........................................... SRS-56
Combination lamp, rear, removal and installation ........
LT-147
Combination meter ............................................... DI-4
Combination meter removal and installation - See
Instrument panel .................................................. IP-11
COMM - Wiring diagram ...................... AV-69, AV-116
COMPAS - Wiring diagram ................................. DI-37
Compass ............................................................ DI-35
Component Location (auto A/C) ...................... ATC-43
Compression pressure(VK45DE) .................... EM-224
Compression pressure(VQ35DE) ...................... EM-98
Compressor clutch removal and installation .. ATC-143
Compressor special service tool ...................... ATC-17
Condenser ..................................................... ATC-154
Connecting rod bearing clearance(VK45DE) .. EM-263
Connecting rod bearing clearance(VQ35DE) .. EM-138
Connecting rod bushing clearance(VK45DE) .. EM-258
Connecting rod bushing clearance(VQ35DE) . EM-138
Connecting rod(VK45DE) ................................ EM-258
Connecting rod(VQ35DE) ................................ EM-136
Console box - See Instrument panel ................... IP-10
CONSULT for VDC ......................................... BRC-25
CONSULT-II Reference value (A/T) .................. AT-91
Control units (terminal arrangement) ................. PG-77
Control valve (A/T) ............................................. AT-36
Controller Area Network (CAN) . BL-25, BL-59, BL-93,
BL-185
, GW-22, GW-88, RF-13, SE-16, LAN-6, LAN-21,
LAN-52
, LAN-87, LAN-133, LAN-167, LAN-206
Converter housing installation ........... AT-268, AT-272
COOL/F - Wiring diagram ................ EC-477, EC-1145
Coolant replacement(VQ35DE) ........................ MA-15
Cooling circuit (engine)(VK45DE) ..................... CO-34
Cooling circuit (engine)(VQ35DE) ...................... CO-9
Cooling fan motor ............................ EC-484, EC-1151
Cooling fan(VK45DE) ....................................... CO-47
Cooling fan(VQ35DE) ....................................... CO-21
Cowl top .............................................................. EI-24
Cowl top cover .................................................... EI-24
Crankcase ventilation system - See Positive crankcase
ventilation ......................................... EC-655
, EC-1332
Crankshaft position sensor (POS) ..... EC-302, EC-960
Crankshaft(VK45DE) ...................................... EM-241
Crankshaft(VQ35DE) ...................................... EM-136
Crash zone sensor .......................................... SRS-45
Cylinder block boring(VK45DE) ...................... EM-261
Cylinder block(VK45DE) ................................. EM-240
Cylinder block(VQ35DE) ................................. EM-120
Cylinder head bolt tightening(VK45DE) .......... EM-226
Cylinder head bolt tightening(VQ35DE) .......... EM-101
Cylinder head(VK45DE) ................................. EM-224
Cylinder head(VQ35DE) ................................... EM-98
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D/LOCK - Wiring diagram ....................... BL-27
, BL-33
Daytime light system ........................................... LT-38
Daytime running light - See Daytime light system LT-38
Diagnosis sensor unit ..................................... SRS-48
Diagnostic trouble code (DTC) for OBD system EC-15,
EC-662
Direct clutch solenoid valve ............... AT-160, AT-162
Display and amp.assembly ............... ATC-51, ATC-63
Door glass ........................................... GW-76, GW-80
Door glass Fitting Adjustment(Front) ................ GW-78
Door glass Fitting Adjustment(Rear) ................. GW-83
Door lock .......................................................... BL-152
Door mirror ...................................................... GW-113
Door trim ............................................................. EI-35
Door, front ........................................... BL-148, GW-76
Door, rear ............................................ BL-148, GW-80
Drive belt inspection ......................................... MA-21
Drive belt inspection(VQ35DE) ......................... MA-14
Drive belt(VK45DE) ........................................ EM-169
Drive belt(VQ35DE) .......................................... EM-15
Drive pinion diff. inspection ............................. RFD-13
Drive shaft ......................................................... MA-37
Drive shaft (rear) ............................................... RAX-9
Driver air bag .................................................. SRS-36
DTRL - Wiring diagram ....................................... LT-41
Duct and grilles .............................................. ATC-133
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ECM power supply EC-136
, EC-404, EC-785, EC-1060
ECM/PW - Wiring diagram ............... EC-405, EC-1061
ECTS - Wiring diagram ...................... EC-187, EC-844
Electric sunroof .................................................. RF-10

IDX-6
ALPHABETICAL INDEX
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M/ANT - Wiring diagram .................................... AV-50
MAFS - Wiring diagram ..... EC-168, EC-175, EC-825,
EC-832
, EC-1066
Magnet clutch ................................. ATC-84, ATC-143
MAIN - Wiring diagram ...................... EC-136, EC-785
Maintenance (engine)(VQ35DE) ...................... MA-14
Major overhaul (Final drive) ............................ RFD-14
Major overhaul (Transfer) .................................. TF-45
Mass air flow sensor (MAFS) ............ EC-165, EC-173,
EC-822
, EC-830, EC-1064
Meter ..................................................................... DI-4
METER - Wiring diagram ...................................... DI-9
MIL data link connectors circuit ....... EC-641, EC-1318
MIL/DL - Wiring diagram .................. EC-641, EC-1318
Mirror, door ..................................................... GW-113
Mirror, out side ................................................ GW-113
Misfire ................................................ EC-291, EC-949
Mode door control linkage adjustment ............. ATC-72
Mode door motor ............................ ATC-70, ATC-130
Molding - See Exterior ................... EI-26, EI-30, EI-33
Multiport fuel injection (MFI) system .... EC-32, EC-679
Multiport fuel injection precautions ....................... GI-7
N
NATS - Wiring diagram .................................... BL-209
NAVI - Wiring diagram ..................................... AV-107
Navigation system ............................................. AV-88
Nissan torque demand (NTD) control system .. EC-682
NVH troubleshooting (EM) .............................. EM-166
NVH troubleshooting (EM)(VQ35DE) ............... EM-13
NVH troubleshooting (Transfer) ........................... TF-7
NVIS (Nissan vehicle immobilizer system) precautions
GI-3
O
O2H1B1 - Wiring diagram .................. EC-151
, EC-808
O2H1B2 - Wiring diagram .................. EC-153, EC-810
O2H2B1 - Wiring diagram .................. EC-159, EC-816
O2H2B2 - Wiring diagram .................. EC-161, EC-818
O2S1B1 - Wiring diagram .. EC-207, EC-217, EC-229,
EC-865
, EC-875, EC-887
O2S1B2 - Wiring diagram .. EC-209, EC-219, EC-231,
EC-867
, EC-877, EC-889
O2S2B1 - Wiring diagram .. EC-238, EC-248, EC-449,
EC-460
, EC-896, EC-906, EC-1119, EC-1130
O2S2B2 - Wiring diagram .. EC-240, EC-250, EC-451,
EC-462
, EC-898, EC-908, EC-1121, EC-1132
Oil cooler (engine)(VQ35DE) ............................. LU-14
Oil filter(VK45DE) .............................................. LU-28
Oil filter(VQ35DE) .............................................. LU-10
Oil pan (engine)(VK45DE) .............................. EM-181
Oil pan (engine)(VQ35DE) ................................ EM-30
Oil pressure (engine)(VK45DE) ......................... LU-25
Oil pressure (engine)(VQ35DE) ........................... LU-8
Oil pressure relief valve (engine)(VQ35DE) ........ LU-6
Oil pump (A/T) ................................................. AT-303
Oil pump (engine)(VK45DE) .............................. LU-31
Oil pump (engine)(VQ35DE) .............................. LU-17
Oil pump regulator valve (engine)(VK45DE) ...... LU-31
Oil pump regulator valve (engine)(VQ35DE) ..... LU-17
Oil seal replacement (engine)(VK45DE) ......... EM-221
Oil seal replacement (engine)(VQ35DE) .......... EM-94
Oil seal replacement (front of final drive) FFD-7, RFD-7
Oil seal replacement (side of final drive) FFD-9, RFD-9
ORVR (On-board Refueling Vapor Recovery) EC-650,
EC-1327
Out side mirror ............................................... GW-113
Overheat ........................................................ EC-1142
P
P/SCKT - Wiring diagram ................................ WW-54
Park/Neutral position switch ........... EC-545, EC-1211
Park/neutral position switch (A/T) .................... AT-112
Parking brake control ........................................... PB-3
PCV (positive crankcase ventilation) EC-655, EC-1332
Personal lamp ..................................... LT-151, LT-184
PGC/V - Wiring diagram .... EC-337, EC-496, EC-992,
EC-1162
PHSB1 - Wiring diagram .................................. EC-309
PHSB2 - Wiring diagram .................................. EC-311
Pilot bushing replacement - See Pilot
converter(VQ35DE) ........................................ EM-121
Piston assembly(VK45DE) ............................. EM-250
Piston assembly(VQ35DE) ............................. EM-131
Piston pin inspection(VK45DE) ....................... EM-256
Piston pin inspection(VQ35DE) ...................... EM-136
Piston ring inspection(VK45DE) ..................... EM-257
Piston ring inspection(VQ35DE) ..................... EM-137
Piston to bore clearance(VK45DE) ................. EM-260
Piston to bore clearance(VQ35DE) ................ EM-140
PNP/SW - Wiring diagram .............. EC-547, EC-1213
POS - Wiring diagram ....................... EC-303, EC-961
POWER - Wiring diagram ................................... PG-4
Power door mirror .............................................. BL-22
Power seat ......................................................... SE-93
Power socket ................................................... WW-54
Power steering fluid level ........................ PS-8, MA-36
Power steering gear ........................................... PS-19
Power steering hydraulic pressure .................... PS-31
Power steering oil pump .................................... PS-31
Power steering system bleeding .......................... PS-8
Power supply routing .......................................... PG-3
Power window .................................................. GW-15
PRE/SE - Wiring diagram EC-354, EC-360, EC-1009,
EC-1016
Precations for Leak detection dye .................. ATC-16
Precautions (General) ........................................... GI-4
Pressure switch 1 .............................. AT-158, AT-178
Pressure switch 2 ............................................ AT-170
Pressure switch 3 .............................. AT-154, AT-180
Pressure switch 5 .............................. AT-162, AT-182
Pressure switch 6 .............................. AT-166, AT-184
Pressure test (A/T) ............................................. AT-52

ENGINE OIL
LU-25
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Revision: 2004 November 2004 FX35/FX45
ENGINE OILPFP:KLA92
InspectionABS006J4
ENGINE OIL LEVEL
NOTE:
Before starting engine, put vehicle horizontally and check the engine oil level. If the engine is already started,
stop it and allow 15 minutes before checking.
1. Pull out oil level gauge and wipe it clean.
2. Insert oil level gauge and make sure the engine oil level is within
the range shown in the figure.
3. If it is out of range, adjust it.
ENGINE OIL APPEARANCE

Check engine oil for white turbidity or heavy contamination.

If engine oil becomes turbid and white, it is highly probable that it is contaminated with engine coolant.
Repair or replace damaged parts.
ENGINE OIL LEAKAGE
Check for oil leakage around the following area.

Oil pan

Oil pan drain plug

Oil pressure switch

Oil filter

Oil cooler

Intake valve timing control cover

Intake valve timing control solenoid valve

Front cover

Chain tensioner cover

Mating surface between cylinder block and cylinder head

Mating surface between cylinder head and rocker cover

Crankshaft oil seals (front and rear)
OIL PRESSURE CHECK
WARNING:

Be careful not to burn yourself, as engine oil may be hot.

Oil pressure check should be done in “Parking position”.
1. Check engine oil level. Refer to LU-25, "
ENGINE OIL LEVEL" .
2. Remove front engine undercover with power tool.
PBIC0801E

MA-14
ENGINE MAINTENANCE (VQ35DE ENGINE)
Revision: 2004 November 2004 FX35/FX45
ENGINE MAINTENANCE (VQ35DE ENGINE)PFP:10001
Checking Drive BeltsALS000H0
WARNING:
Be sure to perform when engine is stopped.
1. Inspect belts for cracks, fraying, wear and oil. If necessary,
replace.
2. Inspect drive belt deflection or tension at a point on the belt mid-
way between pulleys.

Inspection should be done only when engine is cold, or over
30 minutes after engine is stopped.

Measure belt tension with belt tension gauge (Commercial
Service Tool: BT3373-F or equivalent) at points marked
shown in the figure.

When measuring deflection, apply 98 N (10 kg, 22 lb) at the
marked point.

Adjust if belt deflection exceeds the limit or if belt tension is not within specifications.
CAUTION:

When checking belt deflection or tension immediately after installation, first adjust it to the
specified value. Then, after turning crankshaft two turns or more, re-adjust to the specified
value to avoid variation in deflection between pulleys.

Tighten idler pulley lock nut by hand and measure deflection or tension without looseness.
Belt Deflection and Tension
*: If belt tension gauge cannot be installed at check points shown, check drive belt tension at different location on the belt.
Tension AdjustmentALS000H1
CAUTION:

When belt is replaced with a new one, adjust it to value for “New belt” to accommodate for insuffi-
cient adaptability with pulley grooves.

When deflection or tension of belt being used exceeds “Limit”, adjust it to value for “After adjust-
ment of used belt”.

When checking belt deflection or tension immediately after installation, first adjust it to the speci-
fied value. Then, after turning crankshaft two turns or more, re-adjust to the specified value to
avoid variation in deflection between pulleys.

When installing belt, make sure that it is correctly engaged with pulley grooves.

Keep engine oil, working fluid and engine coolant away from belt and pulley grooves.

Do not twist or bend belt excessively.
KBIA1731J
ItemsDeflection adjustment Unit: mm (in) Tension adjustment* Unit: N (kg, lb)
Used belt
New beltUsed belt
New belt
Limit After adjustment Limit After adjustment
Alternator and
power steering
oil pump belt7 (0.28)4 - 5
(0.16 - 0.20)3.5 - 4.5
(0.138 - 0.177)294 (30, 66)730 - 818
(74.5 - 83.5,
164 - 184)838 - 926
(85.5 - 94.5,
188 - 208)
Air conditioner
compressor belt12 (0.47)9 - 10
(0.35 - 0.39)8 - 9
(0.31 - 0.35)196 (20, 44)348 - 436
(35.5 - 44.5,
78 - 98)470 - 559
( 4 8 - 5 7 ,
106 - 126)
Applied pushing
force98 N (10 kg, 22 lb) —
PortionBelt tightening method for adjustment
Alternator and power steering oil pump belt Adjusting bolt on idler pulley
Air conditioner compressor belt Adjusting bolt on idler pulley

HARNESS
PG-69
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Revision: 2004 November 2004 FX35/FX45
PHASE EC Camshaft Position Sensor (PHASE)
PHSB1 EC Camshaft Position Sensor (PHASE) (Bank1)
PHSB2 EC Camshaft Position Sensor (PHASE) (Bank2)
PNP/SW AT Park / Neutral Position Switch
PNP/SW EC Park / Neutral Position Switch
POS EC Crankshaft Position Sensor (CKPS) (POS)
POWER AT Transmission Control Module Power Supply
POWER PG Power Supply Routing
PRE/SE EC Evap Control System Pressure Sensor
PS/SEN EC Power Steering Pressure Sensor
R/VIEW DI Rear View Camera Control System
ROOM/L LT Interior Room Lamp
RP/SEN EC Refrigerant Pressure Sensor
SEAT SE Power Seat
SEN/PW EC Sensor Power Supply
SHIFT AT A/T Shift Lock System
SROOF RF Sunroof
SRS SRS Supplemental Restraint System
START SC Starting System
STOP/L LT Stop Lamp
STSIG AT Start Signal Circuit
T/WARN WT Low Tire Pressure Warning System
TAIL/L LT Parking, License and Tail Lamps
TPS1 EC Throttle Position Sensor (Sensor 1)
TPS2 EC Throttle Position Sensor (Sensor 2)
TPS3 EC Throttle Position Sensor
TRNSCV BL Homelink Universal Transceiver
TURN LT Turn Signal and Hazard Warning Lamp
VDC BRC Vehicle Dynamics Control System
VEHSEC BL Vehicle Security System
VENT/V EC Evap Canister Vent Control Valve
VIAS/V EC VIAS Control Solenoid Valve
VSSA/T AT Vehicle Speed Sensor A/T (Revolution Sensor)
WARN DI Warning Lamps
WINDOW GW Power Window
WIP/R WW Rear Wiper and Washer
WIPER WW Front Wiper and Washer Code Section Wiring Diagram Name

SC-10
STARTING SYSTEM
Revision: 2004 November 2004 FX35/FX45
STARTING SYSTEMPFP:23300
System Description AKS0079C
Power is supplied at all times:

through 40A fusible link (letter F, located in the fuse and fusible link box)

to ignition switch terminal 1

through 15A fuse (No. 78, located in the IPDM E/R)

to CPU of IPDM E/R

through 10A fuse (No. 71, located in the IPDM E/R)

to CPU of IPDM E/R.
When the selector lever in the P or N position, power is supplied:

from TCM, and through A/T assembly terminal 9

to IPDM E/R terminal 53.
Ground is supplied:

to IPDM E/R terminals 38, 50 and 60

from body grounds E21, E50 and E51.
With the ignition switch in the START position, and provided that the IPDM E/R receives a starter relay ON sig-
nal from the CAN lines, the IPDM E/R is energized and power is supplied:

from ignition switch terminal 5

to IPDM E/R terminal 4 and

through IPDM E/R terminal 3

to starter motor terminal 1.
The starter motor plunger closes and provides a closed circuit between the battery and starter motor. The
starter motor is grounded to the engine block. With power and ground supplied, cranking occurs and the
engine starts.