2003 SAAB 9-5 wheel torque

169 Starting and driving
If you move the selector lever from D to L, downchanges will follow
a set pattern to avoid damaging the engine or transmission.
Manual gear-changing is not recommended on slippery roads.
If one of the drive wheels spins excessively, the engine torque will
be reduced to avoid damaging the transmission.
Adaptive gear-change patternsAdaptive gear-change patterns are selected automatically depend-
ing on the engine load and the present temperature of the transmis-
sion. The function is available in Normal and Sport modes.
The changes occur at a higher engine speed and the car remains in
the same gear for longer, if the transmission control module senses
that the load has not decreased. These gear-change patterns pre-
vent unnecessary changing up and down, when for example driving
up or down long slopes with a trailer or caravan, and to prevent over-
heating the transmission oil. The adaptive gear-change function is
also selected automatically when the transmission oil becomes too
hot, to protect the transmission itself from damage and to lower the
oil temperature.
The adaptive gear-change pattern function is deselected when:
 Winter mode is selected.
 The engine is switched off.
 The load is reduced so much that the function is no longer
required.
 ”Automatic transmission, fault indicator” appears on main
instrument panel, see page 165.
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175 Starting and driving
Traction Control SystemHow the system works The traction control system (TCS) is
designed to prevent wheelspin. This
enables the car to achieve the best possible
grip and, hence, maximum tractive effort,
together with greater stability.
The TCS system uses information from the
ABS system’s wheel sensors to detect
when the front (driving) wheels are rotating
faster then the rear wheels. It then monitors
whether one driving wheel is rotating faster
than the other. If so, the faster wheel is
retarded until both wheels are rotating at the
same speed.
If the two front wheels are rotating at the
same speed but are turning faster than the
rear wheels, the torque from the engine is
reduced to eliminate the difference.
To ensure that the system works as
designed, the dimensions of all four tires
must be the same.
The process continues until all the wheels
are rotating at the same speed.
The advantages of the TCS system become
most apparent when the cohesion between
the front wheels and the road surface is so
low that one or both of the wheels would
lose their grip were the car not equipped
with the TCS, e.g.:  When the car is pulling away or accelerat-
ing with the front wheels on different sur-
faces (e.g. one slippery and one dry). The
TCS then functions like an electronic dif-
ferential lock.
 When the car is pulling away or accelerat-
ing on a slippery road, in which case the
TCS eliminates wheelspin. The same
applies when the car is reversing.
 On cornering, if there is a tendency for the
inner front wheel to rotate faster than the
other wheels.
 On overtaking.
TCS OFF The indicator on the main instrument
panel will come on:
 If a fault has been detected and the
system has therefore been switched off.
 If there is a fault in the ABS system.
 If the system has been switched off man-
ually.
The indicator light will also come on for
4 seconds when the ignition key is turned to
ON, while an internal system check is per-
formed. TCS indicator The indicator light will come on for
4 seconds when the ignition key is turned to
ON, while an internal system check is per-
formed.
The light in the tachometer comes on
when the system is operative, i.e. when the
wheels are not rotating at the same speed.
The fact that the TCS system is operative
indicates that the limit for grip has been
exceeded and that the driver must exert
greater care.
WARNING
When driving normally, TCS will help to
improve the stability of the car. This does
not mean that car can be driven faster.
The same care and prudence as normally
applied should be displayed on cornering
and when driving on slippery roads.
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202 Car care and technical informationORVR (Onboard Refueling Vapor
Recovery)Hydrocarbon vapors formed when refueling
will be recovered by the car and not
released into the atmosphere. The hydro-
carbons are absorbed in a evaporative
emission canister. When the engine is sub-
sequently started, the evaporative emission
canister is gradually purged as air is sucked
into it through a shut-off valve. The hydro-
carbon/air mixture passes through the evap
canister purge valve and into the engine
where it is burned.
When refueling, make sure you screw the
filler cap on and keep turning until it has
clicked at least 3 times. Otherwise, it is pos-
sible for the CHECK ENGINE light to illumi-
nate and a ”TIGHTEN FUEL FILLER CAP”
message to appear on SID.
Refueling, see page 158.
Engine2.3-liter engineThe 2.3-liter model is a transverse, 4-cylin-
der in-line engine with twin overhead cam-
shafts and 4 valves per cylinder.
This engine is equipped with balance shafts
that reduce engine vibration to a minimum.
The balance shafts are chain driven and
rotate at twice the speed of the crankshaft.
They produce forces and torques that are
opposed to those generated by the pistons
and connecting rods, an effect that occurs
twice for each revolution of the engine.
Engine noise is also reduced as the
counter-rotating shafts counteract the vibra-
tion from the moving parts of the engine.
The transmission, located on the right
(viewed from the front), is integrated with
the engine. All models have front-wheel
drive.
3.0t V6 engine The 3.0-liter engine is a transverse, V6
engine with each bank of cylinders having
double overhead camshafts and 4 valves
per cylinder.
The transmission, located on the right
(viewed from the front), is integrated with
the engine. All models have front-wheel
drive.
IB601
Balance shafts, 4-cyl. engine
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237 Car care and technical information
Changing a wheel
WARNING
 The car jack is designed solely for use
in changing a wheel or fitting snow
chains. It must not be used to sup-
port the car during repair work or
servicing.
Never crawl under a car that is
supported only by a jack.
 Special care must be taken if the car is
on a slope – use wheel chocks!
 Position chocks, one ahead and one
behind, the wheel that is diagonally
opposite to the one to be changed.
 Switch on the hazard warning lights if
the car is on a road.
 Apply the parking brake and leave the
car in gear (1st or reverse). Automatic
transmission: move selector to the
P position.
 Ensure that everybody is out of the car
before jacking it up.
 Never start the engine while the car is
jacked up.
 The jack must stand on a firm, level
surface.
 Stow the jack in the place provided for
it under the panel in the floor of the
trunk. Secure it properly to avoid injury
to passengers in the event of a crash.
 Do not use the jack for any purpose
other than for jacking up the car.
 Grit, salt and rust can clog the inner
threads of the wheel bolts if the car has
been driven for several years exclu-
sively with alloy wheels.
If steel wheels are now fitted, the bolt
hole threads in the brake hubs should
be cleaned before the thinner steel
wheels are fitted. It may otherwise not
be possible to achieve the required
clamping force despite tightening the
bolts to the correct torque.
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240 Car care and technical information1 Put the car in 1st gear (automatic trans-
mission: move selector to the P position)
and apply the parking brake.
2 Wind the jack up to a suitable height
before placing it under the recess in the
sill.
Make sure that the jack fully engages
the recess in the sill and that the base of
the jack is steady and flat on the ground.
3 Remove the wheel cover (where appli-
cable).
Loosen the wheel bolts by half a turn.
4 Wind the jack to raise the wheel clear of
the ground. Remove the wheel bolts and
lift off the wheel.
5 Clean any rust or dirt from the contact
surfaces between the wheel and brake disc. Do not wipe away the grease in the
hub.
6 Fit the wheel and screw in the bolts in the
sequence shown (opposite pairs).
Tighten the bolts enough for the bolts
and wheel to be seated correctly.
7 Lower the car and tighten the wheel
bolts to the correct torque in the
sequence shown (opposite pairs).
Tightening torqueLight-alloy wheels: 80 ft.lbs. (110 Nm)
Steel wheels: 80 ft.lbs. (110 Nm)
Do not overtighten the bolts using an
impact wrench: not only can this
damage the wheels but it can also make
it impossible to undo the bolts using the
wheel wrench in the car’s toolkit.
8 Check-tighten the wheel bolts after a
few miles.Tightening torqueLight-alloy wheels: 80 ft.lbs. (110 Nm)
Steel wheels: 80 ft.lbs. (110 Nm)NOTICE When refitting wheel covers (where
applicable), make sure that the valve
protrudes through the marked hole in
the wheel cover.
 Do not overtighten the bolts using an
impact wrench: not only can this
damage the wheels but it can also
make it impossible to undo the bolts
using the wheel wrench in the car’s
toolkit.
Clean any rust or dirt from the contact sur-
faces between the wheel and brake disc.
IB2428
Do not wipe away the grease in the hub.
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241 Car care and technical information
Flat spottingAll tires get hot, especially on long journeys
or when the car is driven hard. After the car
has been parked with hot tires and the tires
have cooled down, a flat spot can appear in
the tire, where it is in contact with the
ground. The same can occur if the car has
not been moved for a long time.
Flat spots can give rise to vibration that can
be felt through the steering wheel, similar to
that experienced when the wheels need bal-
ancing. Flat spots of this type disappear
once the tires get hot again, usually after
10–15 miles (20–25 km) of driving at cruis-
ing speed.
WARNING
Grit, salt and rust can clog the inner
threads if the car has been driven for sev-
eral years exclusively with alloy wheels.
If steel wheels are now fitted, the bolt hole
threads in the brake hubs should be
cleaned before the thinner steel wheels
are fitted. It may otherwise not be possi-
ble to achieve the required clamping force
despite tightening the bolts to the correct
torque.
IB539
Tightening sequence, wheel bolts
IB1800IB1800
Removing the wheel cover
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276 IndexSpeed rating
___________________ 232
Speedometer _______________ 62
, 63
Starting in cold weather, ACC
_______ 83
Starting in hot weather, ACC _______ 83
Steering wheel adjustment
________ 124
Steering, technical data
__________ 265
Stone-chip damage, repairing
______ 245
Storage compartments
___________ 136
Sun visors
_____________________ 135
Sunroof
_______________________ 132
Suspension
____________________ 265
Suspension, technical data
________ 265
Switches
_______________________ 71
Symbols _______________________ 10
Systems, adjustment
_____________ 271
TTCS OFF
_______________________ 61
Table of fuses
__________________ 228
Tachometer
_____________________ 62
Tailgate, opening
________________ 46
Tank gauge
_____________________ 63
Technical data __________________ 257
Telematics
_____________________ 111
Temperature control, ACC
_________ 79
Temperature gauge, engine ________ 63
Temperature zones, ACC
__________ 79
Textile carpeting
________________ 243
Through-load hatch ______________ 141
Tie Downs
_____________________ 141
Tightening torque, wheel studs
_____ 237
Tip, driving at night
______________ 186Tip, to avoid theft
________________195
Tire markings
_____________ 232
, 233
Tire pressure
______________ 187
, 232
Tires
____________________ 232
, 267
Tires, winter
____________________266
Tools
_________________________149
Touching-in the paintwork
_________245
Towbar attachment
______________181
Towbar load
___________________184
Towing the car __________________189
Towing, automatics
______________189
Traction
_______________________175
Trailer weights
__________________259
Trionic
________________________201
Trip computer
___________________65
Trip meter
______________________62
Trunk
_________________________139
Trunk lid, opening
________________46
Turbo gauge
____________________64
Turbo, points to note
_____________155
UUnder the hood, 3.0t V6
__________200
Under the hood, 4-cyl
____________199
Upholstery and trim
______________243
Upholstery and trim, care of
_______243
Useful tips, ACC
_________________85
VVanity mirrors
__________________135
Ventilated front seats
_____________15
Viscosity, engine oil
______________260
WWarning labels
___________________ 8
Warning light, AIR BAG
___________ 38
Warning lights
__________________ 56
Washers
_____________________ 212
Washers, windshield
____________ 213
Washing the car
_______________ 244
Waxing and polishing
___________ 245
Wear indicators, tires ____________ 234
Wheel, change
________________ 237
Wheels and tires ___________ 232
, 267
Wheels and tires, sizes
__________ 266
Window glass sensor, car alarm
____ 49
Windshield washers
_____________ 75
Windshield wipers
_______________ 75
Winter tires
___________________ 266
Wiper blades, replacing
__________ 212
Wipers and washers
_________ 75
, 212
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