2003 NISSAN X-TRAIL engine

ATC-10
PRECAUTIONS
CHARGING CYLINDER
Using a charging cylinder is not recommended. Refrigerant may be vented into air from cylinder's top valve
when filling the cylinder with refrigerant. Also, the accuracy of the cylinder is generally less than that of an
electronic scale or of quality recycle/recharge equipment.
Precautions for Leak Detection DyeEJS000T7
lThe A/C system contains a fluorescent leak detection dye used for locating refrigerant leaks. An ultraviolet
(UV) lamp is required to illuminate the dye when inspecting for leaks.
lAlways wear fluorescence enhancing UV safety glasses to protect your eyes and enhance the visibility of
the fluorescent dye.
lThe fluorescent dye leak detector is not a replacement for an electronic refrigerant leak detector. The fluo-
rescent dye leak detector should be used in conjunction with an electronic refrigerant leak detector to (J-
41995) pin-point refrigerant leaks.
lFor your safety and your Customer's satisfaction, read and follow all manufacture's operating instructions
and precautions prior to performing the work.
lA compressor shaft seal should not be repaired because of dye seepage. The compressor shaft seal
should only be repaired after confirming the leak with an electronic refrigerant leak detector (J-41995).
lAlways remove any remaining dye from the leak area after repairs are complete to avoid a misdiagnosis
during a future service.
lDo not allow dye to come into contact with painted body panels or interior components. If dye is spilled,
clean immediately with the approved dye cleaner. Fluorescent dye left on a surface for an extended period
of time cannot be removed.
lDo not spray the fluorescent dye cleaning agent on hot surfaces (engine exhaust manifold, etc.).
lDo not use more than one refrigerant dye bottle (1/4 ounce / 7.4 cc) per A/C system.
lLeak detection dyes for R-134a and R12 A/C systems are different. Do not use R-134a leak detection dye
in R-12 A/C system or R-12 leak detector dye in R-134a A/C systems or A/C system damage may result.
lThe fluorescent properties of the dye will remain for over three (3) years unless a compressor failure
occurs.
IDENTIFICATION
NOTE:
Vehicles with factory installed fluorescent dye have a green label.
Vehicles without factory installed fluorescent dye have a blue label.
IDENTIFICATION LABEL FOR VEHICLE
Vehicles with factory installed fluorescent dye have this identification
label on the front side of hood.
Wiring Diagrams and Trouble DiagnosisEJS000T9
When you read wiring diagrams, refer to the followings:
lGI-14, "How to Read Wiring Diagrams"in GI section.
lPG-3, "Wiring Diagram—POWER—"in PG section.
When you perform trouble diagnosis, refer to the followings:
lGI-10, "How to Follow Trouble Diagnoses"in GI section.
lGI-24, "How to Perform Efficient Diagnosis for an Electrical Incident"in GI section.
SHA436FA

PREPARATION
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PREPARATIONPFP:00002
Special Service ToolsEJS001F1
WITH GASOLINE ENGINE (CWV-615M COMPRESSOR)
WITH DIESEL ENGINE (DKV-11G COMPRESSOR)
Tool number
To o l n a m eDescription
KV99106100
Clutch disc wrenchRemoving shaft nut and clutch disc
KV99232340
or
KV992T0001
Clutch disc pullerRemoving clutch disc
KV99106200
Pulley installerInstalling pulley
S-NT232
RJIA0194E
S-NT376
S-NT235
Tool number
To o l n a m eDescription
KV99231260
Clutch disc wrenchRemoving shaft nut and clutch disc
KV992T0001
Clutch disc pullerRemoving clutch disc
RJIA0475E
RJIA0476E

ATC-12
PREPARATION
HFC-134a (R-134a) Service Tools and Equipment
EJS000TB
Never mix HFC-134a refrigerant and/or its specified lubricant with CFC-12 (R-12) refrigerant and/or its lubri-
cant.
Separate and non-interchangeable service equipment must be used for handling each type of refrigerant/lubri-
cant.
Refrigerant container fittings, service hose fittings and service equipment fittings (equipment which handles
refrigerant and/or lubricant) are different between CFC-12 (R-12) and HFC-134a (R-134a). This is to avoid
mixed use of the refrigerants/lubricant.
Adapters that convert one size fitting to another must never be used: refrigerant/lubricant contamination will
occur and compressor failure will result.
KV992T0002
Pulley installerInstalling pulley
KV99233130
Pulley pullerRemoving pulley Tool number
Tool nameDescription
RJIA0477E
RJIA0478E
Tool number
Tool nameDescription
HFC-134a (R-134a) refrigerantContainer color:Light blue
Container marking:HFC-134a (R-
134a)
Fitting size:Thread size
llarge container 1/22-16 ACME
Gasoline engine (CWV-615M):
KLH00-PAGS0
Nissan A/C System Oil Type S
Diesel engine (DKV-11G):
KLH00-PAGR0
Nissan A/C System Oil Type RGasoline engine (CWV-615M):
Type: Poly alkylene glycol oil (PAG),
type S
Application: HFC-134a (R-134a)
swash plate compressors (Nissan
only)
Diesel engine (DKV-11G):
Type: Poly alkylene glycol oil (PAG),
type R
Application: HFC-134a (R-134a) vane
rotary compressors (Nissan only)
Lubricity: 40 ml [Litre] (1.4 Imp fl oz)
S-NT196
S-NT197

ATC-16
REFRIGERATION SYSTEM
REFRIGERATION SYSTEM
PFP:KA990
Refrigerant CycleEJS000TD
REFRIGERANT FLOW
The refrigerant flows in the standard pattern, that is, through the compressor, the condenser with liquid tank,
through the evaporator, and back to the compressor. The refrigerant evaporation through the evaporator coil is
controlled by an externally equalized expansion valve, located inside the evaporator case.
FREEZE PROTECTION (WITH GASOLINE ENGINE: CWV-615M COMPRESSOR)
Under normal operating conditions, when the A/C is switched on, the compressor runs continuously, and the
evaporator pressure, and therefore, temperature is controlled by the V-6 variable displacement compressor to
prevent freeze up.
Refrigerant System ProtectionEJS000TE
REFRIGERANT PRESSURE SENSOR (WITH GASOLINE ENGINE: CWV-615M COMPRESSOR)
The refrigerant system is protected against excessively high or low pressures by the refrigerant pressure sen-
sor, located on the liquid tank. If the system pressure rises above, or falls below the specifications, the refriger-
ant pressure sensor detects the pressure inside the refrigerant line and sends the voltage signal to the ECM.
ECM makes the A/C relay go OFF and stops the compressor when pressure on the high pressure side
detected by refrigerant pressure sensor is over about 2,746 kPa (28 kg/cm
2, 398 psi), or below about 134 kPa
(1.4 kg/cm
2,20psi).
DUAL-PRESSURE SWITCH (WITH DIESEL ENGINE: DKV-11G COMPRESSOR)
The refrigerant system is protected against excessively high or low pressures by the dual-pressure switch,
located on the liquid tank. If the system pressure rises above or falls below the specifications, the dual-pres-
sure switch opens to interrupt the compressor operation.
PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE (WITH GASOLINE ENGINE: CWV-615M COMPRESSOR)
The refrigerant system is also protected by a pressure relief valve, located in the rear head of the compressor.
When the pressure of refrigerant in the system increases to an abnormal level [more than 3,727 kPa (38 kg/

REFRIGERATION SYSTEM
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cm2, 540 psi)], the release port on the pressure relief valve automatically opens and releases refrigerant into
the atmosphere.
V-6 Variable Displacement Compressor (With Gasoline Engine: CWV-165M
Compressor)
EJS000TF
GENERAL INFORMATION
1. The V-6 variable compressor differs from previous units. The vent temperatures of the V-6 variable com-
pressor do not drop too far below 5°C(41°F) when:
Evaporator intake air temperature is less than 20°C(68°F).
Engine is running at speeds less than 1,500 rpm.
This is because the V-6 compressor provides a means of "capacity" control.
2. The V-6 variable compressor provides refrigerant control under varying conditions. During cold winters, it
may not produce high refrigerant pressure discharge (compared to previous units) when used with air
conditioning systems.
3. A "clanking" sound may occasionally be heard during refrigerant charge. The sound indicates that the tilt
angle of the swash plate has changed and is not a problem.
4. For air conditioning systems with the V-6 compressor, the clutch remains engaged unless: the system
main switch, fan switch or ignition switch is turned OFF. When ambient (outside) temperatures are low or
when the amount of refrigerant is insufficient, the clutch is disengaged to protect the compressor.
5. A constant range of suction pressure is maintained when engine speed is greater than a certain value. It
normally ranges from 147 to 177 kPa (1.5 to 1.8 kg/cm
2, 21 to 26 psi) under varying conditions.
In previous compressors, however, suction pressure was reduced with increases in engine speed.
DESCRIPTION
General
The variable compressor is basically a swash plate type that changes piston stroke in response to the required
cooling capacity.
RJIA0198E

LUBRICANT
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LUBRICANTPFP:KLG00
Maintenance of Lubricant Quantity in CompressorEJS000TH
The lubricant in the compressor circulates through the system with the refrigerant. Add lubricant to compres-
sor when replacing any component or after a large gas leakage occurred. It is important to maintain the speci-
fied amount.
If lubricant quantity is not maintained properly, the following malfunctions may result:
lLack of lubricant: May lead to a seized compressor
lExcessive lubricant: Inadequate cooling (thermal exchange interference)
LUBRICANT
LUBRICANT RETURN OPERATION
Adjust the lubricant quantity according to the test group shown below.
1.CHECK LUBRICANT RETURN OPERATION
Can lubricant return operation be performed?
lA/C system works properly.
lThere is no evidence of a large amount of lubricant leakage.
Ye s o r N o
Yes >>GOTO2.
No >> GO TO 3.
2.PERFORM LUBRICANT RETURN OPERATION, PROCEEDING AS FOLLOWS:
1. Start engine, and set the following conditions:
–Test condition
Engine speed: Idling to 1,200 rpm
A/C or AUTO switch: ON
Blower speed: Max. position
Temp. control: Optional [Set so that intake air temperature is 25 to 30°C (77 to 86°F).]
Intake position: Recirculation (REC)
2. Perform lubricant return operation for about 10 minutes.
3. Stop engine.
CAUTION:
If excessive lubricant leakage is noted, do not perform the lubricant return operation.
>> GO TO 3.
3.CHECK COMPRESSOR
Should the compressor be replaced?
Ye s o r N o
Ye s > > G o t oAT C - 2 2 , "LUBRICANT ADJUSTING PROCEDURE FOR COMPRESSOR REPLACE-
MENT".
No >> GO TO 4.With gasoline engine
(CWV-615M Compressor)With diesel engine
(DKV-11G Compressor)
Name Nissan A/C System Oil Type S Nissan A/C System Oil Type R
Part number KLH00-PAGS0 KLH00-PAGR0

ATC-26
AIR CONDITIONER CONTROL
FAN SPEED CONTROL
Blower speed is automatically controlled based on temperature setting, ambient temperature, in-vehicle tem-
perature, intake temperature, amount of sunload and air mix door position.
With FAN switch set to AUTO, the blower motor starts to gradually increase air flow volume.
When engine coolant temperature is low, the blower motor operation is delayed to prevent cool air from flow-
ing.
INTAKE DOOR CONTROL
The intake doors are automatically controlled by: The temperature setting, ambient temperature, in-vehicle
temperature, intake temperature, amount of sunload and ON-OFF operation of the compressor.
OUTLET DOOR CONTROL
The outlet door is automatically controlled by: The temperature setting, ambient temperature, in-vehicle tem-
perature, intake temperature and amount of sunload.
MAGNET CLUTCH CONTROL
The ECM controls compressor operation using input signals from the throttle position sensor and auto ampli-
fier.
SELF-DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM
The self-diagnostic system is built into the auto amplifier (LCU) to quickly locate the cause of problems.
Overview of Control systemEJS000TK
The control system consists of input sensors, switches, the automatic amplifier (microcomputer) and outputs.
The relationship of these components is shown in the diagram below:
RJIA0481E

TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS
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Component Parts and Harness Connector LocationEJS001GT
ENGINE COMPARTMENT
RJIA0486E