2003 NISSAN ALMERA N16 Engine control system

Edition: August 2003
Release: October 2003 (01)
Publication No.: SM3E00-1N16E1E
Reference No.: 7711347018
GENERAL INFORMATIONGI
MAINTENANCEMA
ENGINE MECHANICAL – QGEM-QG
ENGINE MECHANICAL – YDEM-YD
ENGINE LUBRICATION &
COOLING SYSTEMSLC
ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEM – QGEC - QG
ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEM – YDEC - YD
ACCELERATOR CONTROL,
FUEL & EXHAUST SYSTEMSFE
CLUTCHCL
MANUAL TRANSAXLEMT
AUTOMATIC TRANSAXLEAT
FRONT & REAR AXLEAX
FRONT & REAR SUSPENSIONSU
BRAKE SYSTEMBR
STEERING SYSTEMST
RESTRAINT SYSTEMRS
BODY & TRIMBT
HEATER & MANUAL AIR CONDITIONERHA
AUTOMATIC AIR CONDITIONERATC
STARTING & CHARGING SYSTEMSSC
ELECTRICAL SYSTEMEL
ALPHABETICAL INDEXIDX
ALMERA
MODEL N16 SERIES
NISSAN EUROPE S.A.S.
© 2003 NISSAN EUROPE S.A.S.
Produced in The Netherlands
Not to be reproduced in whole or in part
without the prior written permission of
Nissan Europe S.A.S., Paris, France.
QUICK REFERENCE INDEX

GENERAL INFORMATION
SECTION
GI
CONTENTS
PRECAUTIONS<0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100
11001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011[3
Precautions <0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100
110011[..............3
PRECAUTIONS FOR SUPPLEMENTAL
RESTRAINT SYSTEM (SRS)″AIR BAG″AND
″SEAT BELT PRE-TENSIONER″
.................................3
PRECAUTIONS FOR NATS (NISSAN ANTI-THEFT
SYSTEM)
<0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100
11001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011[...3
GENERAL PRECAUTIONS.........................................4
PRECAUTIONS FOR MULTIPORT FUEL
INJECTION SYSTEM OR ENGINE CONTROL
SYSTEM
<0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100
11001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011[....6
PRECAUTIONS FOR THREE WAY CATALYST...........6
PRECAUTIONS FOR HOSES.....................................6
PRECAUTIONS FOR ENGINE OILS...........................7
PRECAUTIONS FOR FUEL........................................8
PRECAUTIONS FOR AIR CONDITIONING..................9
HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL......................................10
HOW TO READ WIRING DIAGRAMS..........................12
Sample/Wiring Diagram - EXAMPL - ........................12
OPTIONAL SPLICE..................................................13
Description <0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100
110011[.............14
CONNECTOR SYMBOLS.........................................16
HARNESS INDICATION...........................................17
COMPONENT INDICATION......................................17
SWITCH POSITIONS...............................................17
DETECTABLE LINES AND NON-DETECTABLE
LINES
<0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100
11001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011[......18
MULTIPLE SWITCH.................................................19
REFERENCE AREA.................................................20
HOW TO PERFORM EFFICIENT DIAGNOSES
FOR AN ELECTRICAL INCIDENT...............................22
Work Flow <0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100
110011001100110011[...........22
Incident Simulation Tests ...........................................23
INTRODUCTION<0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100
11001100110011>3
VEHICLE VIBRATION..............................................23
HEAT SENSITIVE<0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100
110011>4
FREEZING<0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100
1100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011>24
WATER INTRUSION................................................25
ELECTRICAL LOAD.................................................25
COLD OR HOT START UP.......................................25
Circuit Inspection .......................................................25
INTRODUCTION<0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100
11001100110011>5
TESTING FOR″OPENS″IN THE CIRCUIT................26
TESTING FOR″SHORTS″IN THE CIRCUIT..............27
GROUND INSPECTION...........................................28
VOLTAGE DROP TESTS..........................................28
CONTROL UNIT CIRCUIT TEST...............................30
HOW TO FOLLOW TROUBLE DIAGNOSES...............32
How to Follow Test Groups in Trouble Diagnoses ....33
Key to Symbols Signifying Measurements or
Procedures<0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100
1100110011[............34
CONSULT-II CHECKING SYSTEM...............................36
Function and System Application ..............................36
Nickel Metal Hydride Battery Replacement...............37
Checking Equipment..................................................37
CONSULT-II Data Link Connector (DLC) Circuit ......38
INSPECTION PROCEDURE.....................................38
IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION................................39
Model Variation ..........................................................39
FOR EUROPE<0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100
11001100110011001100110011>9
FOR AUSTRALIA, NEW ZEALAND AND SOUTH
AFRICA
<0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100
11001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011[....39
PREFIX AND SUFFIX DESIGNATIONS.....................40
Identification Number .................................................40
VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER
ARRANGEMENT
<0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100
1100110011>1
IDENTIFICATION PLATE..........................................41
ENGINE SERIAL NUMBER.......................................42
AUTOMATIC TRANSAXLE NUMBER........................42
MANUAL TRANSAXLE NUMBER..............................43
Dimensions <0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100
1100110011[...........44
Wheels and Tires .......................................................44
LIFTING POINTS AND TOW TRUCK TOWING...........45
Preparation <0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100
110011[............45
SPECIAL SERVICE TOOLS......................................45
Board-on Lift <0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100
11[...........45
Garage Jack and Safety Stand .................................46
2-pole Lift <0011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100110011001100
1100110011[..............47
Tow Truck Towing ......................................................48
TOWING AN AUTOMATIC TRANSAXLE MODEL
WITH FOUR WHEELS ON GROUND
........................48
MA
EM
LC
EC
FE
CL
MT
AT
AX
SU
BR
ST
RS
BT
HA
SC
EL
IDX

Do not attempt to top off the fuel tank after the fuel pump nozzle
shuts off automatically. Continued refueling may cause fuel
overflow, resulting in fuel spray and possibly a fire.
WARNING:
To prevent ECM from storing the diagnostic trouble codes, do
not carelessly disconnect the harness connectors which are
related to the engine control system and TCM (Transmission
Control Module) system. The connectors should be discon-
nected only when working according to the WORK FLOW of
TROUBLE DIAGNOSES in EC and AT sections.
SGI787
PRECAUTIONS FOR MULTIPORT FUEL INJECTION
SYSTEM OR ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEM
NJGI0001S04Before connecting or disconnecting any harness connector for
the multiport fuel injection system or ECM:
Turn ignition switch to “OFF” position.
Disconnect negative battery terminal.
Otherwise, there may be damage to ECM.
Before disconnecting pressurized fuel line from fuel pump to
injectors, be sure to release fuel pressure.
Be careful not to jar components such as ECM and mass air
flow sensor.
PRECAUTIONS FOR THREE WAY CATALYSTNJGI0001S05If a large amount of unburned fuel flows into the catalyst, the cata-
lyst temperature will be excessively high. To prevent this, follow the
instructions below:
Use unleaded gasoline only. Leaded gasoline will seriously
damage the three way catalyst.
When checking for ignition spark or measuring engine
compression, make tests quickly and only when necessary.
Do not run engine when the fuel tank level is low, otherwise the
engine may misfire, causing damage to the catalyst.
Do not place the vehicle on flammable material. Keep flammable
material off the exhaust pipe and the three way catalyst.
SMA019D
PRECAUTIONS FOR HOSESNJGI0001S06Hose Removal and InstallationNJGI0001S0601To prevent damage to rubber hose, do not pry off rubber hose
with tapered tool or screwdriver.
PRECAUTIONS
Precautions (Cont’d)
GI-6

NJGI0007
Function and System ApplicationNJGI0007S05
Diagnostic
test modeFunction ENGINE A/T ABS AIR BAGSMART
EN-
TRANCENATS*1NAVIGA-
TION
Work sup-
portThis mode enables a technician to
adjust some devices faster and
more accurate by following the indi-
cations on CONSULT-II.x ———X——
Self-diag-
nostic
resultsSelf-diagnostic results can be read
anderasedquickly. x x x x—x—
Trouble
diagnostic
recordCurrent self-diagnostic results and
all trouble diagnostic records previ-
ously stored can be read.——— x ———
ECU dis-
criminated
No.Classification number of a replace-
ment ECU can be read to prevent
an incorrect ECU from being
installed.——— x ———
Data monitorInput/Output data in the ECU
(ECM) can be read.x x x—x——
Data monitor
(Spec.)The specified values will be dis-
played when an OK/NG judgement
is difficult for the DATA MONITOR
items by Barchart and Line Graph.X ——————
DTC work
supportThis mode enables a technician to
set operating conditions to confirm
self-diagnoses status/results.x*2x —————
Active testDiagnostic Test Mode in which
CONSULT-II drives some actuators
apart from the ECMs and also
shifts some parameters in a speci-
fied range.x—x—x——
ECU (ECM)
part numberECU (ECM) part number can be
read.x x x ————
Control unit
initializationAll registered ignition key IDs in
NATS components can be initial-
ized and new IDs can be regis-
tered.————— x —
PIN
INITIALIZA-
TIONNavigation system will be locked
when the vehicle’s owner enters
the wrong PIN five consecutive
times.
To release the lock, use “PIN INI-
TIALIZATION”.—————— x
NAVI ID
INITIALIZA-
TIONIn nomal times regulation codes are
being communicated between Navi-
gation Control Unit and Dongle
Control Unit.
Use “NAVI ID INITIALIZATION” to
match the codes when either one
has been replaced due to break-
down or etc.—————— x
x: Applicable
*1: NATS (Nissan Anti-Theft System)
*2: For models with Euro-OBD system
CONSULT-II CHECKING SYSTEM
Function and System Application
GI-36

NJGI0011
ISO 15031-2NJGI0011S01All emission related terms used in this publication in accordance with ISO15031-2 are listed. Accordingly, new
terms, new acronyms/abbreviations and old terms are listed in the following chart.
***: Not applicable
NEW TERMNEW ACRONYM /
ABBREVIATIONOLD TERM
Air cleaner ACL Air cleaner
Barometric pressure sensor BARO sensor ***
Barometric pressure sensor-BCDD BAROS-BCDD BCDD
Camshaft position CMP ***
Camshaft position sensor CMPS Crank angle sensor
Canister *** Canister
Carburetor CARB Carburetor
Charge air cooler CAC Intercooler
Closed loop CL Closed loop
Closed throttle position switch CTP switch Idle switch
Clutch pedal position switch CPP switch Clutch switch
Continuous fuel injection system CFI system ***
Continuous trap oxidizer system CTOX system ***
Crankshaft position CKP ***
Crankshaft position sensor CKPS ***
Data link connector DLC Diagnostic connector for CONSULT
Diagnostic test mode DTM Diagnostic mode
Diagnostic test mode selector DTM selector Diagnostic mode selector
Diagnostic test mode I DTM I Mode I
Diagnostic test mode II DTM II Mode II
Diagnostic trouble code DTC Malfunction code
Direct fuel injection system DFI system ***
Distributor ignition system DI system Ignition timing control
Early fuel evaporation-mixture heater EFE-mixture heater Mixture heater
Early fuel evaporation system EFE system Mixture heater control
Electrically erasable programmable read
only memoryEEPROM ***
Electronic ignition system EI system Ignition timing control
Engine control EC ***
Engine control module ECM ECCS control unit
Engine coolant temperature ECT Engine temperature
Engine coolant temperature sensor ECTS Engine temperature sensor
Engine modification EM ***
Engine speed RPM Engine speedMA
EM
LC
EC
FE
CL
MT
AT
AX
SU
BR
ST
RS
BT
HA
SC
EL
IDX
ISO 15031-2 TERMINOLOGY LIST
ISO 15031-2
GI-51

NEW TERMNEW ACRONYM /
ABBREVIATIONOLD TERM
Malfunction indicator MI Check engine light
Manifold absolute pressure MAP ***
Manifold absolute pressure sensor MAPS ***
Manifold differential pressure MDP ***
Manifold differential pressure sensor MDPS ***
Manifold surface temperature MST ***
Manifold surface temperature sensor MSTS ***
Manifold vacuum zone MVZ ***
Manifold vacuum zone sensor MVZS ***
Mass air flow sensor MAFS Air flow meter
Mixture control solenoid valve MC solenoid valve Air-fuel ratio control solenoid valve
Multiport fuel injection system MFI system Fuel injection control
Nonvolatile random access memory NVRAM ***
On board diagnostic system OBD system Self-diagnoses
Open loop OL Open loop
Oxidation catalyst OC Catalyst
Oxidation catalytic converter system OC system ***
Oxygen sensor O2S Exhaust gas sensor
Park position switch *** Park switch
Park/neutral position switch PNP switch Park/neutral switch
Inhibitor switch
Neutral position switch
Periodic trap oxidizer system PTOX system ***
Positive crankcase ventilation PCV Positive crankcase ventilation
Positive crankcase ventilation valve PCV valve PCV valve
Powertrain control module PCM ***
Programmable read only memory PROM ***
Pulsed secondary air injection control
solenoid valvePAIRC solenoid valve AIV control solenoid valve
Pulsed secondary air injection system PAIR system Air induction valve (AIV) control
Pulsed secondary air injection valve PAIR valve Air induction valve
Random access memory RAM ***
Read only memory ROM ***
Scan tool ST ***
Secondary air injection pump AIR pump ***
Secondary air injection system AIR system ***
Sequential multiport fuel injection system SFI system Sequential fuel injection
Service reminder indicator SRI ***
MA
EM
LC
EC
FE
CL
MT
AT
AX
SU
BR
ST
RS
BT
HA
SC
EL
IDX
ISO 15031-2 TERMINOLOGY LIST
ISO 15031-2 (Cont’d)
GI-53

NJMA0005
The following tables show the normal maintenance schedule. Depending upon weather and atmospheric
conditions, varying road surfaces, individual driving habits and vehicle usage, additional or more frequent
maintenance may be required.
Periodic maintenance beyond the last period shown on the tables requires similar maintenance.
Engine and Emission Control Maintenance
(Gasoline engine)
NJMA0005S04Abbreviations: I = Inspect and correct or replace as necessary, R = Replace, A = Adjust, C = Clean, E = Check and correct the
engine coolant mixture ratio.
MAINTENANCE OPERATIONMAINTENANCE INTERVAL
Refer-
ence
page Perform either at number of kilometers (miles)
or months, whichever comes first.kmx1,000
(Miles x
1,000)
Months1
(0.6)
—10
(6)
620
(12)
1230
(18)
1840
(24)
2450
(30)
3060
(36)
3670
(42)
4280
(48)
48
Underhood and under vehicle
Torque of manifolds & exhaust tube nuts*1 I —
Intake & exhaust valve clearance*2AAAAEM-42
Drive belts I*1 I*1 I I*1 I EM-11
Engine oil (Use API SE, SF, SG, SH or SJ
oil.)★RRRRRRRRLC-8
Engine oil filter (Use Part No. 15208 65F01 or
equivalent)★RRRRRRRRLC-9
Engine coolant (Use Nissan genuine engine
coolant L250 or equivalent in its quality.)See NOTE
(1)E R LC-17
Cooling systemIIIILC-12
Fuel linesI I FE-4
Air cleaner filter (Dry paper type)★CCCRCCCREM-14
Air cleaner filter (Viscous paper type)★R R EM-14
Fuel filterSee NOTE
(2)FE-8
Positive crankcase ventilation (PCV) system I*1 I*1 I*1 I*1 EC-402
Spark plugs (Conventional type)*3 R R —
Spark plugs (Conventional type, For leaded
fuel)*1IRIRIRIR —
Spark plugs (Conventional type, For unleaded
fuel)*1IIIRIIIR —
EVAP vapor lines (With carbon canister) I I EC-399
Vacuum hoses & connections*1IIIIEC-400
Heated oxygen sensor (Exhaust gas sensor) I IEC-149
or
EC-506
NOTE:
★Maintenance items with “★” should be performed more frequently according to “Maintenance Under Severe Driving Con-
ditions”.
(1) Use Nissan genuine engine coolant, or equivalent in its quality, in order to avoid possible aluminum corrosion within the
engine cooling system caused by the use of non-genuine engine coolant. After first replacement, replace every 40,000 km (24,
000 miles) or 24 months.
(2) Maintenance-free item. For service procedures, refer to FE section.
*1: Models without three way catalyst
*2: For models with three way catalyst, periodic maintenance is not requir
ed. However, if valve noise increases, check valve clearance.
*3: Models with three way catalyst
PERIODIC MAINTENANCE (EXCEPT FOR EUROPE)
Engine and Emission Control Maintenance (Gasoline engine)
MA-4

EM-68
[QG]
ENGINE ASSEMBLY
WARNING:
●Position vehicle on a flat and solid surface.
●Place chocks at front and back of rear wheels.
●Do not remove engine until exhaust system has completely cooled off, otherwise, you may burn
yourself and/or fire may break out in fuel line.
●Before disconnecting fuel hose, release pressure.
Refer to EC-34 (WITH EURO-OBD), EC-428 (WITHOUT EURO-OBD).
●Be sure to lift engine and transaxle in a safe manner.
●For engines not equipped with engine slingers, attach proper slingers and bolts described in
PARTS CATALOG.
CAUTION:
●When lifting engine, be sure to clear surrounding parts. Use special care near accelerator wire
casing, brake lines and brake master cylinder.
●When lifting the engine, always use engine slingers in a safe manner.
●When removing drive shaft, be careful not to damage grease seal of transaxle.
●Before separating engine and transaxle, remove crankshaft position sensor (POS) from the cylin-
der block assembly.
●Always be extra careful not to damage edge of crankshaft position sensor (POS), or signal plate
teeth.
Engine cannot be removed separately from transaxle. Remove engine with transaxle as an assembly.
REMOVAL
1. Drain coolant from radiator and cylinder block. Refer to LC-17, "Chacking Engine Coolant".
2. Remove coolant reservoir tank and bracket.
3. Drain engine oil.
4. Remove battery and battery tray.
5. Remove air cleaner and air duct.
6. Remove drive belts.
7. Remove alternator and air conditioner compressor from engine.
8. Remove power steering oil pump from engine and position aside.
Power steering oil pump does not need to be disconnected from power steering tubes.
9. Remove the following parts:
●RH and LH front tires
●Splash covers
●RH and LH brake caliper assemblies
Refer to BR-28,"Removal".
Brake hose does not need to be disconnected from brake
caliper assembly. Never depress brake pedal.
●RH & LH drive shaft. Refer to AX-11, "Removal".
When removing drive shaft, be careful not to damage
transaxle side grease seal.
●Disconnect control rod and support rod from transaxle. (M/T
models.)
Refer to MT-26, "Removal".
●Disconnect control cable from transaxle. (A/T models.)
Refer to AT-411, "Removal".
SEM174D
SEM109G