2002 ISUZU AXIOM air condition

1A±18
HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING (HVAC)
Air Conditioning System
General Description
Air Conditioning Refrigerant Cycle Construction
C01RY00013
Legend
(1) Duct Sensor
(2) Evaporator Core
(3) Evaporator Assembly
(4) Temperature Sensor
(5) Blower Motor
(6) Expansion Valve
(7) Pressure Switch
(8) Receiver/Drier(9) Condenser
(10) Compressor
(11) Magnetic Clutch
(12) Mode (HEAT) Control Door
(13) Temp. Control Door (Air Mix Door)
(14) Heater Core
(15) Mode (VENT) Control Door
(16) Heater Unit
(17) Mode (DEF) Control Door
The refrigeration cycle includes the following four
processes as the refrigerant changes repeatedly from
liquid to gas and back to liquid while circulating.

HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING (HVAC)
1A±19
Evaporation
The refrigerant is changed from a liquid to a gas inside the
evaporator. The refrigerant mist that enters the
evaporator vaporizes readily. The liquid refrigerant
removes the required quantity of heat (latent heat of
vaporization) from the air around the evaporator core
cooling fins and rapidly vaporizes. Removing the heat
cools the air, which is then radiated from the fins and
lowers the temperature of the air inside the vehicle.
The refrigerant liquid sent from the expansion valve and
the vaporized refrigerant gas are both present inside the
evaporator as the liquid is converted to gas.
With this change from liquid to gas, the pressure inside
the evaporator must be kept low enough for vaporization
to occur at a lower temperature. Because of that, the
vaporized refrigerant is sucked into the compressor.
Compression
The refrigerant is compressed by the compressor until it is
easily liquefied at normal temperature.
The vaporized refrigerant in the evaporator is sucked into
the compressor. This action maintains the refrigerant
inside the evaporator at a low pressure so that it can
easily vaporize, even at low temperatures close to 0
C
(32
F).
Also, the refrigerant sucked into the compressor is
compressed inside the cylinder to increase the pressure
and temperature to values such that the refrigerant can
easily liquefy at normal ambient temperatures.
Condensation
The refrigerant inside the condenser is cooled by the
outside air and changes from gas to liquid.
The high temperature, high pressure gas coming from the
compressor is cooled and liquefied by the condenser with
outside air and accumulated in the receiver/drier. The
heat radiated to the outside air by the high temperature,
high pressure gas in the compressor is called heat of
condensation. This is the total quantity of heat (heat of
vaporization) the refrigerant removes from the vehicle
interior via the evaporator and the work (calculated as the
quantity of heat) performed for compression.
Expansion
The expansion valve lowers the pressure of the
refrigerant liquid so that it can easily vaporize.
The process of lowering the pressure to encourage
vaporization before the liquefied refrigerant is sent to the
evaporator is called expansion. In addition, the expansion
valve controls the flow rate of the refrigerant liquid while
decreasing the pressure.
That is, the quantity of refrigerant liquid vaporized inside
the evaporator is determined by the quantity of heat which
must be removed at a prescribed vaporization
temperature. It is important that the quantity of refrigerant
be controlled to exactly the right value.
Compressor
The compressor performs two main functions:It compresses low-pressure and low-temperature
refrigerant vapor from the evaporator into high-pressure
and high-temperature refrigerant vapor to the condenser.
It pumps refrigerant and refrigerant oil through the air
conditioning system.
This vehicle is equipped with a five-vane rotary
compressor.
The specified amount of the compressor oil is 150cc
(5.0 fl. oz.).
The oil used in the HFC-134a system compressor differs
from that used in R-12 systems.
Also, compressor oil to be used varies according to the
compressor model. Be sure to avoid mixing two or more
different types of oil.
If the wrong oil is used, lubrication will be poor and the
compressor will seize or malfunction.
The magnetic clutch connector is a waterproof type.
Magnetic Clutch
The compressor is driven by the drive belt from the crank
pulley of the engine. If the compressor is activated each
time the engine is started, this causes too much load to
the engine. The magnetic clutch transmits the power from
the engine to the compressor and activates it when the air
conditioning is ON. Also, it cuts off the power from the
engine to the compressor when the air conditioning is
OFF. Refer to
Compressor in this section for magnetic
clutch repair procedure.
871RX026
Legend
(1) Magnetic Clutch
(2) Magnetic Clutch Connector
(3) Compressor
Condenser
The condenser assembly is located in front of the radiator.
It provides rapid heat transfer from the refrigerant to the
cooling fins.
Also, it functions to cool and liquefy the high-pressure and
high-temperature vapor sent from the compressor by the
radiator fan or outside air.

1A±20
HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING (HVAC)
A condenser may malfunction in two ways: it may leak, or
it may be restricted. A condenser restriction will result in
excessive compressor discharge pressure. If a partial
restriction is present, the refrigerant expands after
passing through the restriction.
Thus, ice or frost may form immediately after the
restriction. If air flow through the condenser or radiator is
blocked, high discharge pressures will result. During
normal condenser operation, the refrigerant outlet line will
be slightly cooler than the inlet line.
The vehicle is equipped with the parallel flow type
condenser. A larger thermal transmission area on the
inner surface of the tube allows the radiant heat to
increase and the ventilation resistance to decrease.
The refrigerant line connection has a bolt at the block
joint, for easy servicing.
875R200015
Legend
(1) Pressure Switch
(2) Receiver Drier
(3) Condenser & Receiver Tank Assembly
(4) Condenser Fan
Receiver / Drier
The receiver/drier performs four functions:

As the quantity of refrigerant circulated varies
depending on the refrigeration cycle conditions,
sufficient refrigerant is stored for the refrigeration
cycle to operate smoothly in accordance with
fluctuations in the quantity circulated.

The liquefied refrigerant from the condenser is mixed
with refrigerant gas containing air bubbles. If
refrigerant containing air bubbles. If refrigerant
containing air bubbles is sent to the expansion valve,
the cooling capacity will decrease considerably.
Therefore, the liquid and air bubbles are separated
and only the liquid is sent to the expansion valve.

The receiver/drier utilizes a filter and drier to remove
the dirt and water mixed in the cycling refrigerant.A receiver/drier may fail due to a restriction inside the
body of the unit. A restriction at the inlet to the
receiver/drier will cause high pressure.
Outlet restrictions will be indicated by low pressure and
little or no cooling. An excessively cold receiver/drier
outlet may indicate a restriction.
The receiver/drier of this vehicle is made of aluminum
with a smaller tank. It has a 300cc refrigerant capacity.
The refrigerant line connection has a bolt at the block
joint, for easy servicing.
Triple Pressure Switch (V6, A/T)
Triple pressure switch is installed on the upper part of the
receiver/drier. This switch is constructed with a unitized
type of two switches. One of them is a low and high
pressure switch (Dual pressure switch) to switch ªONº or
ªOFFº the magnetic clutch as a result of irregularly
high±pressure or low pressure of the refrigerant. The
other one is a medium pressure switch (Cycling switch) to
switch ªONº or ªOFFº the condenser fan sensing the
condenser high side pressure.
Compressor
ON
(kPa/psi)OFF
(kPa/psi)
Low-pressure
control206.0+30.0
(29.8+4.3)176.5+24.5
(25.6+3.6)
High-pressure
control2353.6+196.1
(341.3+28.4)2942.0+196.1
(426.6+28.4)
Condenser fanON
(kPa/psi)OFF
(kPa/psi)
Medium-pressure
control1471.0+98.1
(213.3+14.2)1078.7+117.7
(156.4+17.1)
Expansion Valve
This expansion valve is an external pressure type and it is
installed at the evaporator intake port.
The expansion valve converts the high pressure liquid
refrigerant sent from the receiver/drier to a low pressure
liquid refrigerant by forcing it through a tiny port before
sending it to the evaporator.
This type of expansion valve consists of a temperature
sensor, diaphragm, ball valve, ball seat, spring
adjustment screw, etc.
The temperature sensor contacts the evaporator outlet
pipe, and converts changes in temperature to pressure. It
then transmits these to the top chamber of the
diaphragm.
The refrigerant pressure is transmitted to the diaphragm's
bottom chamber through the external equalizing pressure
tube.
The ball valve is connected to the diaphragm. The
opening angle of the expansion valve is determined by
the force acting on the diaphragm and the spring
pressure.

HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING (HVAC)
1A±21
The expansion valve regulates the flow rate of the
refrigerant. Accordingly, when a malfunction occurs to
this expansion valve, both discharge and suction
pressure decreases, resulting in insufficient cooling
capacity of the evaporator.
The calibration has been changed to match the
characteristics of HFC-134a.
874R200003
Legend
(1) Expansion Valve
(2) Evaporator Assembly
Evaporator
The evaporator cools and dehumidifies the air before the
air enters the passenger compartment. High-pressure
liquid refrigerant flows through the expansion valve into
the low-pressure area of the evaporator. The heat in the
air passing through the evaporator core is lost to the
cooler surface of the core, thereby cooling the air.
As heat is lost between the air and the evaporator core
surface, moisture in the vehicle condenses on the outside
surface of the evaporator core and is drained off as water.
When the evaporator malfunctions, the trouble will show
up as an inadequate supply of cool air. The cause is
typically a partially plugged core due to dirt, or a
malfunctioning blower motor.The evaporator core with a laminate louver fin is a
single-sided tank type where only one tank is provided
under the core.
874RY00015
Legend
(1) Evaporator Core
(2) Expansion Valve

1A±22
HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING (HVAC)
Duct Sensor
The duct sensor is the sensor to detect temperature
change of the side of evaporator blower coming by fresh
recirculation of intake door or ªonº ªoffº of compressor.
The temperature is converted to resistant rate.
And it works as thermostat to control to prevent freezing
of evaporator.
This sensor is installed in the upper case of evaporator.
874R200010
Legend
(1) Sensor Part
(2) Evaporator Core
(3) Duct Sensor Assembly
(4) Evaporator Assembly
Refrigerant Line
Restriction in the refrigerant line will be indicated by:
1. Suction line Ð A restricted suction line will cause low
suction pressure at the compressor, low discharge
pressure and little or no cooling.
2. Discharge line Ð A restriction in the discharge line
generally will cause the discharge line to leak.
3. Liquid line Ð A liquid line restriction will be evidenced
by low discharge and suction pressure and
insufficient cooling.
Refrigerant flexible hoses that have a low permeability to
refrigerant and moisture are used. These low
permeability hoses have a special nylon layer on the
inside.
852RS001
Legend
(1) Reinforcement Layer (Polyester)
(2) External Rubber Layer
(3) Internal Rubber Layer
(4) Resin Layer (Nylon)

HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING (HVAC)
1A±23
Air Conditioning Parts
852R200008
Legend
(1) Liquid Line (High-Pressure Pipe)
(2) Clip
(3) Discharge Line (High-Pressure Hose)
(4) Pressure Switch
(5) Receiver/Drier(6) Condenser Air Guide
(7) Condenser & Receiver Tank Assembly
(8) Condenser Fan
(9) Compressor
(10) Suction Line (Low-Pressure Hose)
(11) Evaporator Assembly

1A±24
HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING (HVAC)
Diagnosis
Air Conditioning Cycle Diagnosis
ConditionPossible causeCorrection
No cooling or insufficient cooling.Magnetic clutch does not run.Refer to ªMagnetic Clutch Diagnosisº
in this section.
Compressor is not rotating properly.
Drive belt is loose or broken.Adjust the drive belt to the specified
tension or replace the drive belt.
Compressor is not rotating properly.
Magnetic clutch face is not clean and
slips.Clean the magnetic clutch face or
replace.
Compressor is not rotating properly.
Incorrect clearance between
magnetic drive plate and pulley.Adjust the clearance. Refer to
Compressor in this section.
Compressor is not rotating properly.
Compressor oil leaks from the shaft
seal or shell.Replace the compressor
Compressor is not rotating properly.
Compressor is seized.Replace the compressor
Insufficient or excessive charge of
refrigerant.Discharge and recover the
refrigerant. Recharge to the
specified amount.
Leaks in the refrigerant system.Check the refrigerant system for
leaks and repair as necessary.
Discharge and recover the
refrigerant. Recharge to the
specified amount.
Condenser is clogged or insufficient
radiation.Clean the condenser or replace as
necessary.
Temperature control link unit of the
heat unit is defective.Repair the link unit.
Unsteady operation due to a foreign
substance in the expansion valve.Replace the expansion valve.
Poor operation of the electronic
thermostat.Check the electronic thermostat and
replace as necessary.
Insufficient velocity of cooling air.Evaporator clogged or frosted.Check the evaporator core and
replace or clean the core.
Air leaking from the cooling unit or air
duct.Check the evaporator and duct
connection, then repair as
necessary.
Blower motor does not rotate
properly.Refer to Fan Control Lever (Fan
Switch) Diagnosis in this section.
*For the execution of the charging and discharging
operation in the table above, refer to
Recovery,
Recycling, Evacuating and Charging in this section.

HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING (HVAC)
1A±25
Checking The Refrigerant System With Manifold Gauge
Since Refrigerant-134a (HFC-134a) is used in the air
conditioning system in this vehicle, be sure to use
manifold gauges, charging hoses and other air
conditioning service tools for HFC-134a when
checking the refrigerant system.
Conditions:

Run the engine at idle

Air conditioning switch is ªONº

Run the blower motor at ªHIGHº position (5 positions)

Temperature control set to ªMAX COLDº (65
F)

Air source selector at ªCIRCº

Open the engine hood

Close all the doors
Normal Pressure:

At ambient temperature: approx. 25±30
C
(77±86
F).

At low-pressure side: approx. 147.1±294.2 kPa
(21.3±42.7 psi).

At high-pressure side: approx. 1372.9±1863.3 kPa
(199.1±270.2 psi).
Refer to the table on the refrigerant pressure-temperature
relationship.
HFC-134a Pressure-Temperature Relationship
PressureTemperature
(kPa)(psi)(
C)(
F)
365.3±20±4.4
679.7±155
10415±1014
14721±523
19628032
25537541
314451050
392571559
471682068
569822577
677983086
78511 43595
91213240104
10591544511 3
121617650122