2001 NISSAN ALMERA N16 Ignition

On Board Diagnosis LogicNJEC0192With the Air/Fuel Mixture Ratio Self-Learning Control, the actual mixture ratio can be brought closely to the
theoretical mixture ratio based on the mixture ratio feedback signal from the heated oxygen sensor 1 (front).
The ECM calculates the necessary compensation to correct the offset between the actual and the theoretical
ratios.
In case the amount of the compensation value is extremely large (The actual mixture ratio is too rich.), the
ECM judges the condition as the fuel injection system malfunction and lights up the MIL (2 trip detection logic).
Sensor Input Signal to ECMECM func-
tionActuator
Heated oxygen sensor 1 (front)Density of oxygen in exhaust gas
(Mixture ratio feedback signal)Fuel injec-
tion & mix-
ture ratio
controlInjectors
DTC No. Malfunction is detected when ... Check Items (Possible Cause)
P0172
0172+Fuel injection system does not operate properly.
+The amount of mixture ratio compensation is too large.
(The mixture ratio is too rich.)+Heated oxygen sensor 1 (front)
+Injectors
+Exhaust gas leaks
+Incorrect fuel pressure
+Mass air flow sensor
SEF215Z
SEF058Y
DTC Confirmation ProcedureNJEC0193NOTE:
If ªDTC Confirmation Procedure º has been previously conducted,
always turn ignition switch ªOFFº and wait at least 9 seconds
before conducting the next test.
With CONSULT-II
1) Start engine and warm it up to normal operating temperature.
2) Turn ignition switch ªOFFº and wait at least 9 seconds.
3) Turn ignition switch ªONº and select ªSELF-LEARN CON-
TROLº in ªWORK SUPPORTº mode with CONSULT-II.
4) Clear the self-learning control coefficient by touching ªSTARTº.
5) Select ªDATA MONITORº mode with CONSULT-II.
6) Start engine again and let it idle for at least 10 minutes.
The 1st trip DTC P0172 should be detected at this stage, if a
malfunction exists. If so, go to ªDiagnostic Procedureº,
EC-258.
7) If it is difficult to start engine at step 6, the fuel injection sys-
tem has a malfunction.
8) Crank engine while depressing accelerator pedal. If engine
starts, go to ªDiagnostic Procedureº, EC-258. If engine does
not start, remove ignition plugs and check for fouling, etc.
JEF105Y
With GST
1) Start engine and warm it up to normal operating temperature.
2) Turn ignition switch ªOFFº and wait at least 9 seconds.
3) Disconnect mass air flow sensor harness connector. Then
restart and run engine for at least 3 seconds at idle speed.
4) Stop engine and reconnect mass air flow sensor harness con-
nector.
5) Select ªMODE 7º with GST. Make sure 1st trip DTC P0100 is
detected.
6) Select ªMODE 4º with GST and erase the 1st trip DTC P0100.
DTC P0172 FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM FUNCTION (RICH SIDE)QG
On Board Diagnosis Logic
EC-255

7) Start engine again and run it for at least 10 minutes at idle
speed.
8) Select ªMODE 7º with GST. The 1st trip DTC P0172 should be
detected at this stage, if a malfunction exists. If so, go to
ªDiagnostic Procedureº, EC-258.
9) If it is difficult to start engine at step 8, the fuel injection sys-
tem has a malfunction.
10) Crank engine while depressing accelerator pedal.
If engine starts, go to ªDiagnostic Procedureº, EC-258. If
engine does not start, remove ignition plugs and check for
fouling, etc.
DTC P0172 FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM FUNCTION (RICH SIDE)QG
DTC Confirmation Procedure (Cont'd)
EC-256

Diagnostic ProcedureNJEC0195
1 CHECK FOR EXHAUST AIR LEAK
1. Start engine and run it at idle.
2. Listen for an exhaust air leak before the three way catalyst.
SEF099P
OK or NG
OK©GO TO 2.
NG©Repair or replace.
2 CHECK HEATED OXYGEN SENSOR 1 (FRONT) CIRCUIT
1. Turn ignition switch ªOFFº.
2. Disconnect heated oxygen sensor 1 (front) harness connector and ECM harness connector.
SEF012XA
3. Check harness continuity between ECM terminal 62 and heated oxygen sensor 1 (front) harness connector terminal 2.
Refer to wiring diagram.
Continuity should exist.
4. Check harness continuity between ECM terminal 62 [or heated oxygen sensor 1 (front) harness connector terminal 2]
and ground.
Continuity should not exist.
5. Also check harness for short to ground and short to power.
OK or NG
OK©GO TO 3.
NG©Repair open circuit or short to ground or short to power in harness or connectors.
DTC P0172 FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM FUNCTION (RICH SIDE)QG
Diagnostic Procedure
EC-258

6 CHECK FUNCTION OF INJECTORS
With CONSULT-II
1. Install all parts removed.
2. Start engine.
3. Perform ªPOWER BALANCEº in ªACTIVE TESTº mode with CONSULT-II.
SEF190Y
4. Make sure that each circuit produces a momentary engine speed drop.
Without CONSULT-II
1. Install all parts removed.
2. Start engine.
3. Listen to each injector operating sound.
MEC703B
Clicking noise should be heard.
OK or NG
OK©GO TO 7.
NG©Perform trouble diagnosis for ªINJECTORSº, EC-447.
7 REMOVE INJECTOR
1. Confirm that the engine is cooled down and there are no fire hazards near the vehicle.
2. Turn ignition switch ªOFFº.
3. Remove injector assembly. Refer to EC-39.
Keep fuel hose and all injectors connected to injector gallery.
©GO TO 8.
8 CHECK INJECTOR
1. Disconnect all injector harness connectors.
2. Disconnect all ignition coil harness connectors.
3. Prepare pans or saucers under each injectors.
4. Crank engine for about 3 seconds.
Make sure fuel does not drip from injector.
OK or NG
OK (Does not drip)©GO TO 9.
NG (Drips)©Replace the injectors from which fuel is dripping. Always replace O-ring with new one.
DTC P0172 FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM FUNCTION (RICH SIDE)QG
Diagnostic Procedure (Cont'd)
EC-260

On Board Diagnosis LogicNJEC0202If a misfire occurs, the engine speed will fluctuate. If the fluctuation is detected by the crankshaft position sen-
sor (POS), the misfire is diagnosed.
Sensor Input Signal to ECM ECM function
Crankshaft position sensor (POS) Engine speed On board diagnosis of misfire
The misfire detection logic consists of the following two conditions.
1. One Trip Detection Logic (Three Way Catalyst Damage)
When a misfire is detected which will overheat and damage the three way catalyst, the MI will start blink-
ing; even during the first trip. In this condition, ECM monitors the misfire every 200 revolutions.
If the misfire frequency decreases to a level that will not damage the three way catalyst, the MI will change
from blinking to lighting up. (After the first trip detection, the MI will light up from engine starting. If a mis-
fire is detected that will cause three way catalyst damage, the MI will start blinking.)
2. Two Trip Detection Logic (Exhaust quality deterioration)
When a misfire that will not damage the three way catalyst (but will affect exhaust emission) occurs, the
MI will light up based on two trip detection logic. In this condition, ECM monitors the misfire for every 1,000
revolutions of the engine.
DTC No. Malfunction is detected when ... Check Items (Possible Cause)
P0300
0300+Multiple cylinders misfire.+Improper spark plug
+Insufficient compression
+Incorrect fuel pressure
+EGR volume control valve
+The injector circuit is open or shorted
+Injectors
+Intake air leak
+Insufficient ignition spark
+Lack of fuel
+Heated oxygen sensor 1 (front) P0301
0301+No. 1 cylinder misfires.
P0302
0302+No. 2 cylinder misfires.
P0303
0303+No. 3 cylinder misfires.
P0304
0304+No. 4 cylinder misfires.
SEF058Y
DTC Confirmation ProcedureNJEC0203CAUTION:
Always drive vehicle at a safe speed.
NOTE:
If ªDTC Confirmation Procedureº has been previously conducted,
always turn ignition switch ªOFFº and wait at least 9 seconds
before conducting the next test.
With CONSULT-II
1) Turn ignition switch ªONº, and select ªDATA MONITORº mode
with CONSULT-II.
2) Start engine and warm it up to normal operating temperature.
3) Turn ignition switch ªOFFº and wait at least 9 seconds.
4) Start engine again and drive at 1,500 - 3,000 rpm for at least
3 minutes.
Hold the accelerator pedal as steady as possible.
NOTE:
Refer to the freeze frame data for the test driving conditions.
5) If 1st trip DTC is detected, go to ªDiagnostic Procedureº,
EC-263.
With GST
Follow the procedure ªWith CONSULT-IIº above.
DTC P0300 - P0304 NO.4-1CYLINDER MISFIRE, MULTIPLE CYLINDER
MISFIRE
QG
On Board Diagnosis Logic
EC-262

6 CHECK IGNITION SPARK
1. Turn Ignition switch ªOFFº.
2. Disconnect ignition coil assembly from rocker cover.
3. Connect a known good spark plug to the ignition coil assembly.
4. Place end of spark plug against a suitable ground and crank engine.
5. Check for spark.
SEF575Q
OK or NG
OK©GO TO 7.
NG©Check ignition coil, power transistor and their circuits. Refer to EC-451.
7 CHECK SPARK PLUGS
Remove the spark plugs and check for fouling, etc.
SEF156I
OK or NG
OK©GO TO 8.
NG©Repair or replace spark plug(s) with standard type one(s). For spark plug type, refer to
EM-18, ªChecking and changingº.
8 CHECK COMPRESSION PRESSURE
Refer to EM section.
+Check compression pressure.
Standard:
1,324 kPa (13.24 bar, 13.5 kg/cm
2, 192 psi)/350 rpm
Minimum:
1,128 kPa (11.28 bar, 11.5 kg/cm
2, 164 psi)/350 rpm
Difference between each cylinder:
98 kPa (0.98 bar, 1.0 kg/cm
2, 14 psi)/350 rpm
OK or NG
OK©GO TO 9.
NG©Check pistons, piston rings, valves, valve seats and cylinder head gaskets.
DTC P0300 - P0304 NO.4-1CYLINDER MISFIRE, MULTIPLE CYLINDER
MISFIRE
QG
Diagnostic Procedure (Cont'd)
EC-265

9 CHECK FUEL PRESSURE
1. Install any parts removed.
2. Release fuel pressure to zero. Refer to EC-38.
3. Install fuel pressure gauge and check fuel pressure.
JEF087Y
At idle: Approx. 235 kPa (2.35 bar, 2.4 kg/cm2, 34 psi)
OK or NG
OK©GO TO 11.
NG©GO TO 10.
10 DETECT MALFUNCTIONING PART
Check the following.
+Fuel pump and circuit (Refer to EC-464.)
+Fuel pressure regulator (Refer to EC-39.)
+Fuel lines
+Fuel filter for clogging
©Repair or replace.
11 CHECK IGNITION TIMING
Perform ªBasic Inspectionº.
Refer to EC-98.
OK or NG
OK©GO TO 12.
NG©1. Perform ªIdle Air Volume Learningº. Refer to EC-55.
2. Check camshaft position sensor (PHASE) (EC-278) and crankshaft position sensor
(POS) (EC-272).
12 CHECK HEATED OXYGEN SENSOR 1 (FRONT)
Refer to ªComponent Inspectionº, EC-181.
OK or NG
OK©GO TO 13.
NG©Replace heated oxygen sensor 1 (front).
DTC P0300 - P0304 NO.4-1CYLINDER MISFIRE, MULTIPLE CYLINDER
MISFIRE
QG
Diagnostic Procedure (Cont'd)
EC-266

SEF598K
Component DescriptionNJEC0206The knock sensor is attached to the cylinder block. It senses
engine knocking using a piezoelectric element. A knocking vibration
from the cylinder block is sensed as vibrational pressure. This
pressure is converted into a voltage signal and sent to the ECM.
Freeze frame data will not be stored in the ECM for the knock
sensor. The MI will not light for knock sensor malfunction. The
knock sensor has one trip detection logic.
ECM Terminals and Reference ValueNJEC0207Specification data are reference values and are measured between each terminal and ground.
CAUTION:
Do not use ECM ground terminals when measuring input/output voltage. Doing so may result in dam-
age to the ECM's transistor. Use a ground other than ECM terminals, such as the ground.
TERMI-
NAL
NO.WIRE
COLORITEM CONDITION DATA (DC Voltage)
81 W Knock sensor[Engine is running]
+Idle speed1.0 - 4.0V
On Board Diagnosis LogicNJEC0208
DTC No. Malfunction is detected when ... Check Items (Possible Cause)
P0325
0325+An excessively low or high voltage from the knock sen-
sor is sent to ECM.+Harness or connectors
(The knock sensor circuit is open or shorted.)
+Knock sensor
SEF058Y
DTC Confirmation ProcedureNJEC0209NOTE:
If ªDTC Confirmation Procedureº has been previously conducted,
always turn ignition switch ªOFFº and wait at least 9 seconds
before conducting the next test.
TESTING CONDITION:
Before performing the following procedure, confirm that bat-
tery voltage is more than 10V at idle.
With CONSULT-II
1) Turn ignition switch ªONº and select ªDATA MONITORº mode
with CONSULT-II.
2) Start engine and run it for at least 5 seconds at idle speed.
3) If DTC is detected, go to ªDiagnostic Procedureº, EC-270.
With GST
Follow the procedure ªWith CONSULT-IIº above.
DTC P0325 KNOCK SENSOR (KS)QG
Component Description
EC-268