Page 577 of 1354

BR3583
BR3582F00010
RotorSpeed Sensor
Magnet
To ECU
Low Speed High SpeedN S
+V
−V
− DIAGNOSTICSANTI−LOCK BRAKE SYSTEM
DI−257
1996 RAV4 (RM447U)
DTC 31, 32, 33, 34, 35 Speed Sensor Circuit
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
The speed sensor detects the wheel speed and sends the ap-
propriate signals to the ECU. These signals are used to control
the ABS system. The front and rear rotors each have 48 serra-
tions.
When the rotor rotate, the magnetic field emitted by the perma-
nent magnet in the speed sensor generates an AC voltage.
Since the frequency of this AC voltage changes in direct propor-
tion to the speed of the rotor, the frequency is used by the ECU
to detect the speed of each wheel.
DTC No.DTC Detecting ConditionTrouble Area
31, 32, 33, 34
Detection of any of conditions 1 through 3:
1. At vehicle speed of 10 km/h (6 mph) or more, pulses are not
input for 5 sec.
2. Momentary interruption of the speed sensor signal occurs
at least 7 times in the time between switching the ignition
switch ON and switching it OFF
3. Abnormal fluctuation of speed sensor signals with the ve-
hicle speed 20 km/h (12 mph) or more
Right front, left front, right rear or left rear speed sensor
Open or short in each speed sensor circuit
Sensor rotor
ECU
*35
Speed sensor signal is not input for about 1 sec. while the
speed sensor signals are being checked at vehicle speed of 0
km/hOpen in speed sensor circuit
ECU
*: 4WD models
HINT:
DTC No. 31 is for the right front speed sensor.
DTC No. 32 is for the left front speed sensor.
DTC No. 33 is for the right rear speed sensor.
DTC No. 34 is for the left rear speed sensor.
Fail safe function:
If trouble occurs in the speed sensor circuit, the ECU cuts off current to the ABS control (solenoid) relay and
prohibits ABS control.
DI98Z−01
Page 892 of 1354

123
WITH THE IGNITION SW TURNED ON, THE CURRENT FLOWS TO TERMINAL 17 OF THE FRONT WIPER AND WASHER SW, TERMINAL
2 OF THE FRONT WASHER MOTOR AND TERMINAL 6 OF THE FRONT WIPER MOTOR THROUGH THE WIPER FUSE.
1. LOW SPEED POSITION
WITH WIPER SW TURNED TO LOW POSITION, THE CURRENT FLOWS FROM TERMINAL 17 OF THE FRONT WIPER AND WASHER SW
" TERMINAL 7 "TERMINAL 3 OF THE FRONT WIPER MOTOR "WIPER MOTOR "TERMINAL 1 "TO GROUND AND CAUSES THE
FRONT WIPER MOTOR TO RUN AT LOW SPEED.
2. HIGH SPEED POSITION
WITH WIPER SW TURNED TO HIGH POSITION, THE CURRENT FLOWS FROM TERMINAL 17 OF THE FRONT WIPER AND WASHER SW
"TERMINAL 8 "TERMINAL 2 OF THE FRONT WIPER MOTOR "WIPER MOTOR "TERMINAL 1 "TO GROUND AND CAUSES THE
FRONT WIPER MOTOR TO RUN AT HIGH SPEED.
3. INT POSITION
WITH WIPER SW TURNED TO INT POSITION, THE RELAY OPERATES AND THE CURRENT WHICH IS CONNECTED BY RELAY
FUNCTION FLOWS FROM TERMINAL 17 OF THE FRONT WIPER AND WASHER SW "TERMINAL 2 "TO GROUND. THIS FLOW OF
CURRENT OPERATES THE INTERMITTENT CIRCUIT AND THE CURRENT FLOWS FROM TERMINAL 17 OF THE WIPER AND FRONT
WASHER SW "TERMINAL 7 "TERMINAL 3 OF THE FRONT WIPER MOTOR "WIPER MOTOR "TERMINAL 1 "TO GROUND AND
OPERATES THE WIPER.
THE INTERMITTENT OPERATION IS CONTROLLED BY A CONDENSER'S CHARGED AND DISCHARGED FUNCTION INSTALLED IN THE
RELAY AND THE INTERMITTENT TIME IS CONTROLLED BY A TIME CONTROL SW TO CHANGE THE CHARGING TIME OF THE
CONDENSER.
4. WASHER CONTINUOUS OPERATION (W/ INT CONTROL)
WITH WASHER SW TURNED TO ON, THE CURRENT FLOWS FROM TERMINAL 2 OF THE FRONT WASHER MOTOR "TERMINAL 1 "
TERMINAL 11 OF THE FRONT WIPER AND WASHER SW "TERMINAL 2 "TO GROUND AND CAUSES TO THE FRONT WASHER
MOTOR TO RUN. AND THE WINDOW WASHER EMITS A WATER SPRAY. THIS CAUSES THE CURRENT TO FLOW TO WASHER
CONTINUOUS OPERATION CIRCUIT IN TERMINAL 17 OF THE WIPER AND WASHER SW "TERMINAL 7 "TERMINAL 3 OF THE
FRONT WIPER MOTOR "WIPER MOTOR "TERMINAL 1 "TO GROUND AND OPERATES THE WIPER.
C14 FRONT WIPER AND WASHER SW [COMB. SW]
2-GROUND : ALWAYS CONTINUITY
17-GROUND : APPROX. 12 VOLTS WITH THE IGNITION SW AT ON POSITION
7-GROUND : APPROX. 12 VOLTS WITH THE WIPER AND WASHER SW AT LOW OR MIST POSITION
: APPROX. 12 VOLTS 2 TO 12 SECONDS INTERMITTENTLY WITH THE WIPER AND WASHER SW AT INT POSITION
16-GROUND : APPROX. 12 VOLTS WITH THE IGNITION SW ON UNLESS THE WIPER MOTOR AT STOP POSITION
8-GROUND : APPROX. 12 VOLTS WITH THE WIPER AND WASHER SW AT HIGH POSITION
F6 FRONT WIPER MOTOR
6-5 : CLOSED UNLESS THE WIPER MOTOR AT STOP POSITION
SYSTEM OUTLINE
SERVICE HINTS
Page 1066 of 1354

Q06275
− MANUAL TRANSAXLEDIFFERENTIAL CASE (4WD)
MX−71
1996 RAV4 (RM447U)
(d) Turn the differential case assembly right and left 2 or 3
times to allow the bearings to settle.
(e) Using a spring tension gauge, measure the preload.
Preload (at starting):
New bearing (Output shaft preload plus)
31−61 N (3.2−6.3 kgf, 7−14 lbf)
Reused bearing (Output shaft preload plus)
20−39 N (2.0−4.0 kgf, 4−9 lbf)
If the preload is not within the specification, select an appropri-
ate adjusting shim.
HINT:
The total preload will change about 5.1 N (0.5 kgf, 1.1 lbf) for
every 0.05 mm change in adjusting shim thickness.
MarkThickness mm (in.)MarkThickness mm (in.)
02.00 (0.0787)92.45 (0.0965)
12.05 (0.0807)A2.50 (0.0984)
22.10 (0.0827)B2.55 (0.1004)
32.15 (0.0846)C2.60 (0.1024)
42.20 (0.0866)D2.65 (0.1043)
52.25 (0.0886)E2.70 (0.1063)
62.30 (0.0906)F2.75 (0.1083)
72.35 (0.0925)G2.80 (0.1102)
82.40 (0.0945)H2.85 (0.1122)
(f) Remove the 17 bolts, tap the transmission case with a
plastic hammer and remove it.
(g) Remove the differential case assembly.
Page 1087 of 1354

Q06149
Q06150
SST MX−92
− MANUAL TRANSAXLETRANSFER (4WD)
1996 RAV4 (RM447U)
(e) Using a dial indicator, measure the ring gear backlash.
Backlash: 0.13 − 0.18 mm (0.0051 − 0.0071 in.)
(f) Refer to the table below, select a plate washer which will
ensure that the backlash is within the specification. Try to
select a washer of the same size.
HINT:
The backlash will change about 0.02 mm (0.0008 in.) with every
0.03 mm (0.0012 in.) change in shim thickness.
MarkThickness mm (in.)MarkThickness mm (in.)
12.13 (0.0839)132.49 (0.0980)
22.16 (0.0850)142.52 (0.0992)
32.19 (0.0862)152.55 (0.1004)
42.22 (0.0874)162.58 (0.1016)
52.25 (0.0886)172.61 (0.1028)
62.28 (0.0898)182.64 (0.1039)
72.31 (0.0909)192.67 (0.1051)
82.34 (0.0921)202.70 (0.1063)
92.37 (0.0933)212.73 (0.1075)
102.40 (0.0945)222.76 (0.1087)
112.43 (0.0957)232.79 (0.1098)
122.46 (0.0968)242.82 (0.1110)
4. ADJUST TOTAL PRELOAD
(a) Install the transfer right case.
(b) Install and torque the 10 bolts.
Torque: 44 N·m (450 kgf·cm, 33 ft·lbf)
(c) Adjust the total preload by tightening the differential bear-
ing adjusting nut.
(d) Using SST, tighten the differential bearing adjusting nut.
SST 09318−20010
HINT:
While measuring the preload, tighten the adjusting nut a little at
a time.
Page 1120 of 1354

W01205
1
2
R10746
R10747
SA0028
AB
FrontA B
A: Inside
B: Outside SA−6
− SUSPENSION AND AXLEFRONT WHEEL ALIGNMENT
1996 RAV4 (RM447U)
(i) Follow the above mentioned steps again. Between the
step (b) and (c), exchange 1 or 2 selected bolts.
HINT:
When exchanging the 2 bolts, exchange 1 bolt for each time.
6. ADJUST TOE−IN
(a) Remove the boot clamps.
(b) Loosen the tie rod end lock nuts.
(c) Turn the left and right rack ends an equal amount to adjust
the toe−in.
HINT:
Try to adjust the toe−in to the center value.
Make sure that the length of the left and right rack ends
is the same.
Tie rod end length difference:
1.5 mm (0.059 in.) or less
(d) Torque the tie rod end lock nuts.
Torque: 56 N·m (570 kgf·cm, 41 ft·lbf)
(e) Place the boot on the seat and install the clamp.
HINT:
Make sure that the boots are not twisted.
7. INSPECT WHEEL ANGLE
Turn the steering wheel fully, and measure the turning angle.
Inside wheel33°15’ ± 2.0° (33.25° ± 2.0°)
Outside wheel: Reference28°05’ (28.08°)
If the wheel angles differ from the standard specification, adjust
the toe−in.