1996 TOYOTA LAND CRUISER Ect

SA1U7−01
−
SUSPENSION AND AXLE TROUBLESHOOTING
SA−1
858
Author: Date:
1996 LAND CRUISER (RM451U)
TROUBLESHOOTING
PROBLEM SYMPTOMS TABLE
Use the table below to help you find the cause of the problem. The numbers \
indicate the priority of the likely
cause of the problem. Check each part in order. If necessary, replace these parts.
(w/ Differential locking system):
Check that center differential lock mode is set.
When switching differential Free↔Lock, the indicator lamp will blink if the gears of the differen-
tial lock sleeve are not meshed. If this occurs, when the tires are rotated \
to apply differential
power to the differential, the differential locks and the indicator lamp\
light up.
SymptomSuspect AreaSee page
Wander/ pulls
1. Tires: worn or improperly inflated
2. Wheel alignmemt: incorrect
3. Steering linkage: loosen or worn
4. Hub bearings: loosen or worn
5. Steering gear: out of adjustment or brokenSA−3
SA−4
SR−47 SA−8
SR−41
Bottoming
1. Vehicle: overloaded
2. Spring weak
3. Shock absorber: worn out−
SA−49
SA−49
Sways/ pitches
1. Tires: worn or improperly inflated
2. Stabilizer bar: bent or broken
3. Shock absorber: worn outSA−3
SA−60
SA−49
Front wheel shimmy
1. Tires: worn or improperly inflated
2. Wheels: out of balance
3. Shock absorber: worn out
4. Wheel alignmemt: incorrect
5. Hub bearings: loosen or worn
6. Steering linkage: loosen or worn
7. Steering gear: out of adjustment or brokenSA−3
SA−3
SA−49 SA−3
SA−7
SR−45
SR−38
Abnormal tire wear
1. Tires: worn or improperly inflated
2. Wheel alignmemt: incorrect
3. Suspension parts: worn out
4. Shock absorber: worn outSA−3
SA−3 −
SA−49
Noise in front dif ferential
1. Oil level: low or wrong grade
2. Excessive backlash between pinion and ring gear
3. Ring, pinion ro side gears: worn or chipped
4. Pinion shaft bearing: worn
5. Side bearing: worn
6. Differential bearing: loosen or wornSA−21
SA−29
SA−29
SA−29
SA−29
SA−29
Oil leak from front dif ferential
1. Oil level: too high or wrong grade
2. Drive pinion oil seal: worn or damaged
3. Side gear oil seal: worn or damaged
4. Companion flange: loosen or damaged
5. Side gear shaft: damagedSA−21
SA−29
SA−29
SA−29
SA−29
Noise in rear axle
1. Oil level: low or wrong grade
2. Excessive backlash between pinion and ring gear
3. Ring, pinion ro side gears: worn or chipped
4. Pinion shaft bearing: worn
5. Axle shaft bearing: worn
6. Differential bearing: loosen or wornSA−73
SA−87
SA−87
SA−87
SA−87
SA−87
Oil leak from rear axle1. Oil seal: worn or damaged
2. Rear axle housing: crackedSA−73
−
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SA1U8−02
R03031
R13503
R07928
−
SUSPENSION AND AXLE TIRE AND WHEEL
SA−3
860
Author: Date:
1996 LAND CRUISER (RM451U)
TIRE AND WHEEL
INSPECTION
1. INSPECT TIRE
(a) Check the tires for wear and for the proper inflation pres-
sure.
Cold tire inflation pressure: See page SS−30
(b) Check the tire runout. Tire runout: 3.0 mm (0.118 in.) or less
2. ROTATE TIRES
HINT:
See the illustration for where to rotate each tire.
3. INSPECT WHEEL BALANCE
(a) Check and adjust the Off−the−car balance.
(b) If necessary, check and adjust the On −the−car balance.
Unbalance after adjustment: 13.0 g (0.029 lb) or less
4. CHECK WHEEL BEARING LOOSENESS
Check the no backlash in the bearing shaft direction.
5. CHECK FRONT SUSPENSION FOR LOOSENESS
6. CHECK STEERING LINKAGE FOR LOOSENESS
7. CHECK BALL JOINT FOR LOOSENESS
8. CHECK SHOCK ABSORBER WORKS PROPERLY
Check for oil leaks
Check mounting bushings for wear
Bounce front and rear of the vehicle
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SA1U9−02
Z03382
SA3213
AB
D
C
Front
R05628
A
B
A = B
SA−4
−
SUSPENSION AND AXLE FRONT WHEEL ALIGNMENT
861
Author: Date:
1996 LAND CRUISER (RM451U)
FRONT WHEEL ALIGNMENT
INSPECTION
1. MEASURE VEHICLE HEIGHT
Clearance:
A (Follow spring clearance): 36 mm (1.42 in.)
B (Bumper stopper clearance): 104 mm (4.09 in.)
If the clearance of the vehicle is not standard, try to level the ve-
hicle by rocking it down.
If still not correct, check for bad springs or suspension parts.
2. INSTALL CAMBER−CASTER−KINGPIN GAUGE OR ONTO WHEEL ALIGNMENT TESTER
Follow the specific instructions of the equipment manufacturer.
3. INSPECT CAMBER, CASTER AND STEERING AXIS INCLINATION
Camber
Left−right error1°00’ ± 45
45’ or less
Caster Left−right error3°00’ ± 1°
45’ or less
Steering axis inclination13 °00’ ± 45’
Camber, caster and steering axis inclination are not adjustable.
If measurements are not within the specification, inspect the
suspension parts for damaged and/or worn out parts and re-
place them as necessary.
4. INSPECT TOE −IN
To e−in
(total)A+B: 0.2 ° ± 0.2°
C −D: 2 ± 2 mm (0.08 ± 0.08 in.)
If toe− in is not within the specification, adjust by the tie rod end.
5. ADJUST TOE−IN
(a) Loosen the clamp bolts and nuts.
(b) Adjust toe−in to the correct value by turning the tie rod.
HINT:
Make sure that the lengths of the left and right tie rod ends are
the same.
(c) Torque the clamp bolts and nuts. Torque: 37 N·m (375 kgf·cm, 27 ft·lbf)
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R05626
Front
Side+10
° +60
°
−10 °
FA0507
FA0018
A B
Front BA
A: Inside
B: Outside
−
SUSPENSION AND AXLE FRONT WHEEL ALIGNMENT
SA−5
862
Author: Date:
1996 LAND CRUISER (RM451U)
HINT:
The clamps opening must be positioned at the rear of the tie rod
end face within 60 °±10° from the vehicle axis.
6. INSPECT WHEEL ANGLE
(a) Remove the caps of the knuckle stopper bolts and check the steering angles.
(b) Turn the steering wheel fully, and measure the turning angle.
Inside wheel32°00’ − 35°00’
Outside wheel31 °00’ (Reference)
HINT:
When the steering wheel is fully turned, make sure that the
wheel is not touching the body or brake flexible hose.
If maximum steering angles differ from the standard value, ad-
just the wheel angle with the knuckle stopper bolts.
Torque: 44 N·m (450 kgf·cm, 33 ft·lbf)
If the wheel angle still cannot be adjusted within limits, inspect
and replace damaged or worn steering parts.
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SA1UG−01
W00495
SA2644
SST
R08383
R13137
−
SUSPENSION AND AXLE STEERING KNUCKLE AND AXLE SHAFT
SA−13
1996 LAND CRUISER (RM451U)
REMOVAL
1. REMOVE FRONT AXLE HUB (See page SA−7 )
2. REMOVE ABS SPEED SENSOR
Remove the 2 bolts and disconnect the speed sensor from the
steering knuckle.
3. REMOVE DUST SEAL AND DUST COVER
Remove the 8 bolts, dust seal, dust cover and gasket.
4. REMOVE KNUCKLE SPINDLE
(a) Using a brass bar and hammer, tap the knuckle spindle of the steering knuckle.
(b) Remove the knuckle spindle and gasket.
5. REMOVE AXLE SHAFT
Position one flat part of the outer shaft upward and remove the
axle shaft.
6. DISCONNECT TIE ROD FROM KNUCKLE ARM
(a) Remove the cotter pin and nut.
(b) Using SST, disconnect the tie rod from the knuckle arm. SST 09611 −22012
7. REMOVE OIL SEAL SET
(a) Remove the 6 bolts from the end retainer.
(b) Remove these parts from the steering knuckle:
Oil seal end retainer
Felt dust seal
Rubber seal
Steel ring
8. REMOVE KNUCKLE ARM AND BEARING CAP
(a) Remove the 2 bolts and plate washers from the bearing cap.
(b) Remove the 4 nuts from the knuckle arm.
(c) Using a brass bar and hammer, tap on the 4 bolts heads and remove the 4 cone washers.
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SA1UH−01
R08435
SSTSST
Z06889
FA0203
−
SUSPENSION AND AXLE STEERING KNUCKLE AND AXLE SHAFT
SA−15
1996 LAND CRUISER (RM451U)
REPLACEMENT
1. INSPECT KNUCKLE SPINDLE
Clean the knuckle spindle and inspect the bushing for wear or
damage.
2. REPLACE BUSHING
(a) Using SST, remove the bushing.
SST 09612−65014 (09612 −01010, 09612−01050)
(b) Using SST and a press, install a new bushing into the spindle.
SST 09618−60010
3. INSPECT BEARING
Clean the bearing and 2 outer races and inspect them for wear
or damage.
4. IF NECESSARY, REPLACE BEARING OUTER RACE
(a) Using a brass bar and hammer, remove the bearing outer
race.
(b) Using SST and a hammer, carefully install a new bearing outer race.
SST 09605−60010
5. INSPECT BIRFIELD JOINT INNER PARTS
(a) Hold the inner shaft in a vise.
(b) Place a brass bar against the joint inner race and remove the outer shaft.
(c) Tilt the inner race and cage and take out the bearing balls one by one.
(d) Fit the 2 large openings in the cage against the protruding parts of the outer shaft and remove the cage and inner
race.
(e) Remove the inner race from the cage though the large opening.
(f) Clean and inspect the joint parts for wear or damage.
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R13138
90°
Z15222
Molybdenum
Disulfide
Lithium
Base Grease
NIGI No.2
SA−18
−
SUSPENSION AND AXLE STEERING KNUCKLE AND AXLE SHAFT
1996 LAND CRUISER (RM451U)
(h) Install the 2 plate washers and bolts.
Torque: 96 N·m (980 kgf·cm, 71 ft·lbf)
6. MEASURE BEARINGS PRELOAD
Using a spring tension gauge, measure the preload. Preload (at starting):
25 − 44 N (2.5 − 4.5 kgf, 5.6 − 9.9 lbf)
7. ADJUST BEARING PRELOAD
(a) Remove the bearing cap and knuckle arm (See page SA−13 ).
(b) Select the adjusting shim. Adjusting shim thickness
Thickness mm (in.)Thickness mm (in.)
0.1 (0.004)0.5 (0.020)
0.2 (0.008)1.0 (0.039)
(c) Install the bearing cap and knuckle arm (See page SA−17 ).
8. CONNECT TIE ROD TO KNUCKLE ARM
Torque the nut and secure it with a new cotter pin. Torque: 91 N·m (925 kgf·cm, 67 ft·lbf)
9. INSTALL OIL SEAL END RETAINER TO KNUCKLE ARM
Install the oil seal end retainer to steering knuckle with the 6
bolts. Torque: 5.4 N·m (55 kgf·cm, 48 in.·lbf)
10. INSTALL AXLE SHAFT
Position one flat part of the outer shaft upward and install the
shaft.
11. PACK MOLYBDENUM DISULFIDE LITHIUM BASE GREASE, NLGI NO.2
Pack molybdenum disulfide lithium base grease, NLGI No.2
into the knuckle to about 3 fourths of the knuckle.
12. INSTALL KNUCKLE SPINDLE, DUST COVER WITH
GASKETS AND DUST SEAL
(a) Place a new gasket in the position on the knuckle and
install the spindle.
(b) Place the dust cover, dust seal and a new gasket on the spindle.
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−
SUSPENSION AND AXLE STEERING KNUCKLE AND AXLE SHAFT
SA−19
1996 LAND CRUISER (RM451U)
(c) Torque the 8 bolts.
Torque: 47 N·m (475 kgf·cm, 34 ft·lbf)
13. CONNECT ABS SPEED SENSOR
Connect the speed sensor and 2 bolts to the steering knuckle.
Torque: 18 N·m (185 kgf·cm, 13 ft·lbf)
14. INSTALL AXLE HUB (See page SA−9)
15. CHECK FRONT WHEEL ALIGNMENT (See page SA−4 )
16. CHECK ABS SPEED SENSOR SIGNAL (See page DI−190 )
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