1994 JEEP CHEROKEE fuel pressure

switch will supply a ground circuit to the powertrain
control module (PCM).The switch is available
only with 4.0L engine when supplied with the
optional police package.
CRUISE MODE
When the engine is at operating temperature, this
is a Closed Loop mode. At cruising speed, the power-
train control module (PCM) receives inputs from:
²Air conditioning select signal (if equipped)
²Air conditioning request signal (if equipped)
²Battery voltage
²Engine coolant temperature sensor
²Crankshaft position sensor
²Intake manifold air temperature sensor
²Manifold absolute pressure (MAP) sensor
²Throttle position sensor (TPS)
²Camshaft position sensor signal (in the distributor)
²Park/Neutral switch (gear indicator signalÐauto.
trans. only)
²Oxygen (O2S) sensor
Based on these inputs, the following occurs:
²Voltage is applied to the fuel injectors with the
PCM. The PCM will then adjust the injector pulse
width by turning the ground circuit to each individ-
ual injector on and off.
²The PCM monitors the O2S sensor input and ad-
justs air-fuel ratio. It also adjusts engine idle speed
through the idle air control (IAC) motor.
²The PCM adjusts ignition timing by turning the
ground path to the coil on and off.
²The PCM operates the A/C compressor clutch
through the clutch relay. This happens if A/C has
been selected by the vehicle operator and requested
by the A/C thermostat.
ACCELERATION MODE
This is an Open Loop mode. The powertrain control
module (PCM) recognizes an abrupt increase in
throttle position or MAP pressure as a demand for
increased engine output and vehicle acceleration.
The PCM increases injector pulse width in response
to increased throttle opening.
DECELERATION MODE
When the engine is at operating temperature, this
is an Open Loop mode. During hard deceleration, the
powertrain control module (PCM) receives the follow-
ing inputs.
²Air conditioning select signal (if equipped)
²Air conditioning request signal (if equipped)
²Battery voltage
²Engine coolant temperature sensor
²Crankshaft position sensor
²Intake manifold air temperature sensor
²Manifold absolute pressure (MAP) sensor
²Throttle position sensor (TPS)
²Camshaft position sensor signal (in the distributor)²Park/Neutral switch (gear indicator signalÐauto.
trans. only)
If the vehicle is under hard deceleration with the
proper rpm and closed throttle conditions, the PCM
will ignore the oxygen sensor input signal. The PCM
will enter a fuel cut-off strategy in which it will not
supply battery voltage to the injectors. If a hard de-
celeration does not exist, the PCM will determine the
proper injector pulse width and continue injection.
Based on the above inputs, the PCM will adjust en-
gine idle speed through the idle air control (IAC) mo-
tor.
The PCM adjusts ignition timing by turning the
ground path to the coil on and off.
The PCM opens the ground circuit to the A/C
clutch relay to disengage the A/C compressor clutch.
This is done until the vehicle is no longer under de-
celeration (if the A/C system is operating).
WIDE OPEN THROTTLE MODE
This is an Open Loop mode. During wide open
throttle operation, the powertrain control module
(PCM) receives the following inputs.
²Battery voltage
²Crankshaft position sensor
²Engine coolant temperature sensor
²Intake manifold air temperature sensor
²Manifold absolute pressure (MAP) sensor
²Throttle position sensor (TPS)
²Camshaft position sensor signal (in the distributor)
During wide open throttle conditions, the following
occurs:
²Voltage is applied to the fuel injectors with the
powertrain control module (PCM). The PCM will
then control the injection sequence and injector pulse
width by turning the ground circuit to each individ-
ual injector on and off. The PCM ignores the oxygen
sensor input signal and provides a predetermined
amount of additional fuel. This is done by adjusting
injector pulse width.
²The PCM adjusts ignition timing by turning the
ground path to the coil on and off.
²The PCM opens the ground circuit to the A/C
clutch relay to disengage the A/C compressor clutch.
This will be done for approximately 15 seconds (if the
air conditioning system is operating).
If the vehicle has a manual transmission, the up-
shift light is operated by the PCM.
IGNITION SWITCH OFF MODE
When ignition switch is turned to OFF position,
the PCM stops operating the injectors, ignition coil,
ASD relay and fuel pump relay.
THROTTLE BODY
Filtered air from the air cleaner enters the intake
manifold through the throttle body (Fig. 25). Fuel
does not enter the intake manifold through the throt-
JFUEL SYSTEM 14 - 29

tle body. Fuel is sprayed into the manifold by the fuel
injectors. The throttle body is mounted on the intake
manifold. It contains an air control passage (Fig. 26)
controlled by an Idle Air Control (IAC) motor. The air
control passage is used to supply air for idle condi-
tions. A throttle valve (plate) is used to supply air for
above idle conditions.
The throttle position sensor (TPS) and idle air con-
trol (IAC) motor are attached to the throttle body.
The accelerator pedal cable, speed control cable and
transmission control cable (when equipped) are con-
nected to the throttle arm.
A (factory adjusted) set screw is used to mechani-
cally limit the position of the throttle body throttle
plate.Never attempt to adjust the engine idle
speed using this screw.All idle speed functions are
controlled by the PCM.
FUEL RAIL
The fuel rail supplies fuel to the injectors and is
mounted to the intake manifold (Fig. 27). The fuelpressure regulator is attached to the rail and the fuel
pressure test port is integral with the rail. The fuel
rail is not repairable.
FUEL PRESSURE REGULATOR
The fuel pressure regulator (Fig. 28) is a mechani-
cal device that is not controlled by the powertrain
control module (PCM).
The fuel pressure regulator used is a vacuum bal-
anced, nonadjustable type. The regulator is mounted
on the output end of the fuel rail and is connected to
intake manifold vacuum. The fuel return tube (to the
fuel tank) is connected to the fuel pressure regulator.
The regulator is calibrated to maintain fuel system
pressure at approximately 214 kPa (31 psi). This is
with vacuum applied while the engine is at idle. Fuel
pressure will be 55-69 kPa (8-10 psi) higher if vac-
uum is not applied to the regulator.
The pressure regulator contains a diaphragm, cali-
brated spring and a fuel return valve (Fig. 29). Fuel
pressure operates on one side of the regulator, while
spring pressure and intake manifold vacuum operate
on the other side. Spring pressure on one side of the
Fig. 27 Fuel RailÐTypical
Fig. 28 Fuel Pressure RegulatorÐTypical
Fig. 25 Throttle BodyÐTypical
Fig. 26 Idle Air Control Passage
14 - 30 FUEL SYSTEMJ

diaphragm tries to force the return valve closed. Fuel
pressure on other side of diaphragm, with assistance
from manifold vacuum on spring side of diaphragm,
act against spring pressure to open the return valve.
System fuel pressure is the amount of fuel pressure
required to force against spring pressure and unseat
the return valve.
Without vacuum applied to the spring side of the
regulator, the spring is calibrated to open the fuel re-
turn outlet. This happens when the pressure differen-
tial between the fuel injectors and the intake
manifold reaches approximately 269 kPa (39 psi).
Since manifold vacuum varies with engine operating
conditions, the amount of vacuum applied to the
spring side of the diaphragm varies. For this reason,
fuel pressure varies, depending upon intake manifold
vacuum. With low vacuum, such as during wide open
throttle conditions, minimal vacuum assistance is
available. Full spring pressure is exerted to seal the
fuel outlet. This causes the system pressure to in-
crease. With high vacuum, such as at engine idle or
during vehicle deceleration, fuel pressure on one side
of the diaphragm is balanced by intake manifold
pressure. This is done on the spring side of the dia-
phragm and results in lower system fuel pressure.
Fig. 29 Fuel Pressure Regulator OperationÐTypical
JFUEL SYSTEM 14 - 31

MULTI-PORT FUEL INJECTION (MFI)ÐGENERAL DIAGNOSIS
INDEX
page page
Automatic Shutdown (ASD) Relay Testing...... 43
Camshaft Position Sensor Test.............. 43
Crankshaft Position Sensor Test............. 44
Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC).............. 51
DRB Scan Tool.......................... 51
Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor Test...... 43
Extended Idle Switch Test.................. 45
Fuel Pump Relay Testing.................. 44
Fuel System Pressure Test................. 48
General Information....................... 32
Idle Air Control Motor Test................. 46
Injector Test............................ 48
Intake Air Temperature Sensor Test.......... 43Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) Sensor Test . 44
On-Board Diagnostics (OBD)................ 48
Oxygen Sensor (O2S) Heating Element Test.... 45
Powertrain Control Module (PCM) 60-Way
Connector............................ 38
RelaysÐOperation/Testing.................. 47
Starter Motor Relay Test................... 48
System Schematics....................... 38
Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) Test.......... 45
Torque Converter Clutch Relay Test.......... 45
Vehicle Speed Sensor Test................. 45
Visual Inspection......................... 32
GENERAL INFORMATION
All 2.5L 4 cylinder and 4.0L 6 cylinder engines are
equipped with sequential Multi-Port Fuel Injection
(MFI). The MFI system provides precise air/fuel ra-
tios for all driving conditions.
VISUAL INSPECTION
A visual inspection for loose, disconnected, or incor-
rectly routed wires and hoses should be made. This
should be done before attempting to diagnose or ser-
vice the fuel injection system. A visual check will
help spot these faults and save unnecessary test and
diagnostic time. A thorough visual inspection will in-
clude the following checks:
(1) Verify that the 60-way connector is fully inserted
into the connector of the Powertrain Control Module
(PCM) (Figs. 1 or 2). Verify that the connector mount-
ing bolt is tightened to 4 Nzm (35 in. lbs.) torque.
(2) Inspect the battery cable connections. Be sure
they are clean and tight.
(3) Inspect fuel pump relay and air conditioning com-
pressor clutch relay (if equipped). Inspect ASD relay andradiator fan relay (if equipped) connections. Inspect starter
motor relay connections. Inspect relays for signs of physical
damage and corrosion. The relays are installed in the
Power Distribution Center (PDC) (Figs. 3 or 4).
Fig. 1 PCMÐYJ Models
Fig. 2 PCMÐXJ Models
Fig. 3 PDCÐYJ Models
14 - 32 FUEL SYSTEMJ

(8) Verify that crankcase ventilation (CCV) fresh
air hose is firmly connected to cylinder head and air
cleaner covers (Figs. 11 or 12).(9) Verify that vacuum hose is firmly connected to
fuel pressure regulator and manifold fitting (Figs. 13
or 14).
Fig. 9 Generator Connector and Output Wire
ConnectionsÐTypical
Fig. 10 System Ground ConnectionsÐTypical
Fig. 11 CCV SystemÐ2.5L Engine
Fig. 12 CCV SystemÐ4.0L Engine
Fig. 13 Pressure Regulator Vacuum HoseÐ2.5L
Engine
Fig. 14 Pressure Regulator Vacuum HoseÐ4.0L
Engine
14 - 34 FUEL SYSTEMJ

harness connector terminal-2 and the sensor connec-
tor terminal. Also test terminal-4 to the sensor con-
nector terminal. Repair the wire harness as
necessary if the resistance is greater than 1 ohm.
FUEL PUMP RELAY TESTING
For testing this relay, refer to RelaysÐOperation/
Testing in this section of the group.
MANIFOLD ABSOLUTE PRESSURE (MAP) SENSOR
TEST
To perform a complete test of the MAP sensor and
its circuitry, refer to DRB scan tool and appropriate
Powertrain Diagnostics Procedures manual. To test
the sensor only, refer to the following:
Inspect the MAP sensor vacuum hose connections
at the throttle body and sensor. Repair as necessary.
CAUTION: When testing, do not remove the electri-
cal connector from MAP sensor (Fig. 37). Be sure
that the MAP sensor harness wires are not dam-
aged by the test meter probes.Test the MAP sensor output voltage at the MAP
sensor connector between terminals A and B (as
marked on the sensor body) (Fig. 38). With the igni-
tion switch ON and the engine OFF, output voltage
should be 4-to-5 volts. The voltage should drop to 1.5-
to-2.1 volts with a neutral-hot idle speed condition.
Test Powertrain Control Module (PCM) (termi-
nal-5) for the same voltage described above to verify
the wire harness condition. Repair as necessary.
Test MAP sensor supply voltage at sensor connec-
tor between terminals A and C (Fig. 38) with the ig-
nition ON and engine OFF. The voltage should be
approximately 5 volts (60.5V). Five volts (60.5V)
should also be at terminal-6 of the PCM wire harness
connector. Repair or replace the wire harness as nec-
essary.
Test the MAP sensor ground circuit at sensor con-
nector terminal-A (Fig. 38) and PCM connector ter-
minal-4. Repair the wire harness if necessary.
Test the MAP sensor ground circuit at the PCM
connector between terminal-4 and terminal-11 with
an ohmmeter. If the ohmmeter indicates an open cir-
cuit, inspect for a defective sensor ground connection.
Refer to Group 8W, Wiring for location of engine
grounds. If the ground connection is good, replace the
PCM. If terminal-4 has a short circuit to 12 volts,
correct this condition before replacing the PCM.
CRANKSHAFT POSITION SENSOR TEST
Refer to Group 8D, Ignition Systems for test proce-
dures.
Fig. 36 Air Temperature SensorÐ4.0L Engine
Fig. 37 MAP SensorÐTypical
Fig. 38 MAP Sensor Connector TerminalsÐTypical
14 - 44 FUEL SYSTEMJ

87 and 30. Continuity should not be present between
terminals number 87A and 30.
(8) Disconnect jumper wires from relay and 12
Volt power source.
If continuity or resistance tests did not pass, re-
place relay. If tests passed, refer to Group 8W, Wir-
ing Diagrams for additional circuit information. Also
refer to the appropriate Powertrain Diagnostic Proce-
dures manual for operation of the DRB scan tool.
STARTER MOTOR RELAY TEST
Refer to Group 8A, Battery/Starting/Charging/Sys-
tem Diagnostics, for starter motor relay testing.
INJECTOR TEST
Disconnect the injector wire connector from the in-
jector. Place an ohmmeter on the injector terminals.
Resistance reading should be approximately 14.5
ohms61.2 ohms at 20ÉC (68ÉF). Proceed to following
Injector Diagnosis chart.
FUEL SYSTEM PRESSURE TEST
Refer to the Fuel Delivery System section of this
group. See Fuel System Pressure Test.
ON-BOARD DIAGNOSTICS (OBD)
The Powertrain Control Module (PCM) has been
programmed to monitor many different circuits of the
fuel injection system. If a problem is sensed in a
monitored circuit often enough to indicate an actual
problem, a Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) is stored.
The DTC will be stored in the PCM memory for
eventual display to the service technician. If the
problem is repaired or ceases to exist, the PCM can-
cels the DTC after 51 engine starts.
Certain criteria must be met for a diagnostic trou-
ble code (DTC) to be entered into PCM memory. The
criteria may be a specific range of engine rpm, en-
gine temperature and/or input voltage to the PCM.
It is possible that a DTC for a monitored circuit
may not be entered into memory even though a mal-
function has occurred. This may happen because one
of the DTC criteria for the circuit has not been met.
Example: assume that one of the criteria for the
MAP sensor circuit is that the engine must be oper-
ating between 750 and 2000 rpm to be monitored for
a DTC. If the MAP sensor output circuit shorts to
ground when the engine rpm is above 2400 rpm, a 0
volt input will be seen by the PCM. A DTC will not
be entered into memory because the condition does
not occur within the specified rpm range.
A DTC indicates that the powertrain control mod-
ule (PCM) has recognized an abnormal signal in a
circuit or the system. A DTC may indicate the result
of a failure, but never identify the failed component
directly.There are several operating conditions that the
PCM does not monitor and set a DTC for. Refer to
the following Monitored Circuits and Non-Monitored
Circuits in this section.
MONITORED CIRCUITS
The powertrain control module (PCM) can detect
certain problems in the fuel injection system.
Open or Shorted Circuit- The PCM can deter-
mine if sensor output (which is the input to PCM) is
within proper range. It also determines if the circuit
is open or shorted.
Output Device Current Flow- The PCM senses
whether the output devices are hooked up.
If there is a problem with the circuit, the PCM
senses whether the circuit is open, shorted to ground
(-), or shorted to (+) voltage.
Oxygen Sensor- The PCM can determine if the
oxygen sensor is switching between rich and lean.
This is, once the system has entered Closed Loop. Re-
fer to Open Loop/Closed Loop Modes Of Operation in
the Component Description/System Operation section
for an explanation of Closed (or Open) Loop opera-
tion.
NON-MONITORED CIRCUITS
The PCM does not monitor the following circuits,
systems or conditions that could have malfunctions
that result in driveability problems. A Diagnostic
Trouble Code (DTC) may not be displayed for these
conditions.
Fuel Pressure: Fuel pressure is controlled by the
vacuum assisted fuel pressure regulator. The PCM
cannot detect a clogged fuel pump inlet filter, clogged
in-line fuel filter, or a pinched fuel supply or return
line. However, these could result in a rich or lean
condition causing an oxygen sensor DTC to be stored
in the PCM.
Secondary Ignition Circuit: The PCM cannot
detect an inoperative ignition coil, fouled or worn
spark plugs, ignition cross firing, or open circuited
spark plug cables.
Engine Timing: The PCM cannot detect an incor-
rectly indexed timing chain, camshaft sprocket or
crankshaft sprocket. The PCM also cannot detect an
incorrectly indexed distributor. However, these could
result in a rich or lean condition causing an oxygen
sensor DTC to be stored in the PCM.
Cylinder Compression: The PCM cannot detect
uneven, low, or high engine cylinder compression.
Exhaust System: The PCM cannot detect a
plugged, restricted or leaking exhaust system.
Fuel Injector Malfunctions: The PCM cannot de-
termine if the fuel injector is clogged, or the wrong
injector is installed. However, these could result in a
rich or lean condition causing an oxygen sensor DTC
to be stored in the PCM.
14 - 48 FUEL SYSTEMJ

DRB SCAN TOOL
For operation of the DRB scan tool, refer to the ap-
propriate Powertrain Diagnostic Procedures service
manual.
DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE (DTC)
On the following pages, a list of diagnostic trouble
codes is provided for the 2.5L 4 cylinder and 4.0L 6
cylinder engines. A DTC indicates that the power-
train control module (PCM) has recognized an abnor-
mal signal in a circuit or the system. A DTC may
indicate the result of a failure, but never identify the
failed component directly.
DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE DESCRIPTIONS
Diagnostic
Trouble
CodeDRB Scan Tool
DisplayDescription of Diagnostic Trouble Code
11* .......... NoCrank Reference
Signal at PCMNo crank reference signal detected during engine cranking.
12* ..........Battery Disconnect Direct battery input to PCM was disconnected within the last 50 Key-on
cycles.
13**.......... NoChange in MAP From
Start to RunNo difference recognized between the engine MAP reading and the
barometric (atmospheric) pressure reading at start-up.
14**.......... MAPSensor Voltage Too
LowMAP sensor input below minimum acceptable voltage.
or
MAP Sensor Voltage Too
HighMAP sensor input above maximum acceptable voltage.
15**.......... NoVehicle Speed Sensor
SignalNo vehicle distance (speed) sensor signal detected during road load
conditions.
17* ..........Engine is Cold Too Long Engine coolant temperature remains below normal operating temperatures
during vehicle travel (thermostat).
21**.......... O2SStays at Center Neither rich or lean condition detected from the oxygen sensor input.
or
O2S Shorted to Voltage Oxygen sensor input voltage maintained above the normal operating range.
22**.......... ECTSensor Voltage Too
HighEngine coolant temperature sensor input above maximum acceptable
voltage.
or
ECT Sensor Voltage Too
LowEngine coolant temperature sensor input below minimum acceptable voltage.
* Check Engine Lamp will not illuminate at all times if this Diagnostic Trouble Code was recorded. Cycle Ignition key as
described in manual and observe code flashed by Check Engine lamp.
** Check Engine Lamp will illuminate during engine operation if this Diagnostic Trouble Code was recorded.
Fig. 47 Data Link Connector Schematic
JFUEL SYSTEM 14 - 51