1993 CHEVROLET DYNASTY sensor

FUEL INJECTORÐPCM OUTPUT
The Fuel Injector is an electric solenoid operated
by the PCM (Fig. 15).
Based on sensor inputs, the PCM determines when
and how long the fuel injector should operate. The
amount of time the injector fires is referred to as in-
jector pulse width. The auto shutdown (ASD) relay
supplies battery voltage to the injector. The PCM
supplies the ground path. By switching the ground
path on and off, the PCM adjusts injector pulse
width. When the PCM supplies a ground path, a
spring loaded needle or armature lifts from its seat.
Fuel flows through the orifice and deflects off the
sharp edge of the injector nozzle. The resulting fuel
sprays forms a 45É cone shaped pattern before enter-
ing the air stream in the throttle body. Fuel is supplied to the injector constantly at regu-
lated 270 Kpa (39 psi). Unused fuel returns to the
fuel tank.
GENERATOR FIELDÐPCM OUTPUT
The PCM regulates the charging system voltage
within a range of 12.9 to 15.0 volts. Refer to Group
8A for charging system information.
IGNITION COILÐPCM OUTPUT
The PCM provides a ground contact (circuit) for en-
ergizing the ignition coil. When the PCM breaks the
contact, the energy in the coil primary transfers to
the secondary causing the spark. The PCM will de-
energize the ASD relay if it does not receive an input
from the distributor pick-up. Refer to Auto Shutdown
(ASD) Relay/Fuel Pump RelayÐPCM Output in this
section for relay operation. The ignition coil is mounted on the hot box next to
the thermostat housing (Fig. 16).
PART THROTTLE UNLOCK SOLENOIDÐPCM
OUTPUT
Three-speed automatic transaxles use a part throt-
tle unlock solenoid. The PCM controls the lock-up of
the torque convertor through the part throttle unlock
solenoid. The transaxle is locked up only in direct
drive mode. Refer to Group 21 for transaxle informa-
tion.
RADIATOR FAN RELAYÐPCM OUTPUT
The radiator fan is energized by the PCM through
the radiator fan relay. The PCM grounds the radia-
tor fan relay when engine coolant reaches a predeter-
mined temperature. For more information, refer to
Group 7, Cooling Systems. On AC, AG and AJ models, the radiator fan relay
is located in the power distribution center. Refer to
the Wiring and Component Identification section of
Group 8W. On AA and AP models, the radiator fan relay is
mounted on the drivers side fender well, next to the
strut tower (Fig. 10).
SPEED CONTROL SOLENOIDSÐPCM OUTPUT
The speed control vacuum and vent solenoids are
operated by the PCM. When the PCM supplies a
ground to the vacuum and vent solenoids, the speed
control system opens the throttle blade. When the
PCM supplies a ground only to the vent solenoid, the
throttle blade holds position. When the PCM removes
the ground from both the vacuum and vent solenoids,
the throttle blade closes. The PCM balances the two
solenoids to maintain the set speed. Refer to Group
8H for speed control information.
Fig. 15 Fuel Injector
Fig. 16 Ignition Coil
Ä FUEL SYSTEMS 14 - 31

TACHOMETERÐPCM OUTPUT
The PCM supplies engine RPM to the instrument
panel tachometer. Refer to Group 8 for tachometer
information.
MODES OF OPERATION
As input signals to the PCM change, the PCM
adjusts its response to the output devices. For example,
the PCM must calculate a different injector pulse
width and ignition timing for idle than it does for wide
open throttle (WOT). There are several different modes
of operation that determine how the PCM responds to
the various input signals. There are two different areas of operation, OPEN
LOOP and CLOSED LOOP. During OPEN LOOP modes, the PCM receives input
signals and responds according to preset PCM pro-
gramming. Input from the oxygen (O
2) sensor is not
monitored during OPEN LOOP modes. During CLOSED LOOP modes, the PCM does moni-
tor the oxygen (O
2) sensor input. This input tells the
PCM if the calculated injector pulse width results in an
air-fuel ratio of 14.7 to 1. By monitoring the exhaust
oxygen content, the can PCM fine tune injector pulse
width for optimum fuel economy and low emissions. The single point fuel injection system has the follow-
ing modes of operation:
² Ignition switch ON - Zero RPM
² Engine start-up
² Engine warm-up
² Cruise (Idle)
² Acceleration
² Deceleration
² Wide Open Throttle
² Ignition switch OFF
The engine start-up (cranking), engine warm-up, and
wide open throttle modes are OPEN LOOP modes. The
acceleration, deceleration, and cruise modes, with the
engine at operating temperature are CLOSED
LOOP modes (under most operating conditions).
IGNITION SWITCH ON (ZERO RPM) MODE
When the single point fuel injection system is acti-
vated by the ignition switch, the following actions
occur:
² The PCM determines atmospheric air pressure from
the MAP sensor input to calculate basic fuel strategy.
² The PCM monitors the coolant temperature sensor
and throttle position sensor inputs. The PCM modifies
fuel strategy based on these inputs. When the key is in the ON position and the engine is
not running, the (ASD) and fuel pump relays are not
energized. Therefore, battery voltage is not supplied to
the fuel pump, ignition coil, fuel injector or oxygen
sensor heating element. ENGINE START-UP MODE
This is an OPEN LOOP mode. The following actions
occur when the starter motor is engaged. If the PCM receives a distributor signal it energizes
the auto shutdown (ASD) relay and fuel pump relay to
supply battery voltage to the fuel injector, ignition coil
and oxygen sensor heating element. If the PCM does
not receive a distributor input, it de-energizes the ASD
and fuel pump relays after approximately one second. When the engine idles within 664 RPM of the target
RPM, the PCM compares the current MAP value with
the atmospheric pressure value it received during the
Ignition Switch On (Zero RPM) Mode. If a minimum
difference between the two is not detected, a MAP
sensor fault is set into memory. Once the ASD relay and fuel pump relay have ener-
gized, the PCM:
² Supplies a ground path to the injector. The injector
is pulsed four times per engine revolution instead of
the normal two pulses per revolution.
² Determines injector pulse width based on coolant
temperature, MAP sensor input, throttle position, and
the number of engine revolutions since cranking was
initiated.
² Monitors the coolant temperature sensor, distribu-
tor pick-up, MAP sensor, and throttle position sensor to
determine correct ignition timing.
ENGINE WARM-UP MODE
This is a OPEN LOOP mode. The following inputs
are received by the PCM:
² coolant temperature
² manifold absolute pressure (MAP)
² engine speed (distributor pick-up)
² throttle position
² A/C switch
² battery voltage
The PCM provides a ground path for the injector to
precisely control injector pulse width (by switching the
ground on and off) and fires the injector twice per
engine revolution. The PCM regulates ignition timing.
It also adjusts engine idle speed through the idle air
control motor.
CRUISE OR IDLE MODE
When the engine is at operating temperature this is
a CLOSED LOOP mode. During cruising speed and at
idle the following inputs are received by the PCM:
² coolant temperature
² manifold absolute pressure
² engine speed
² throttle position
² exhaust gas oxygen content
² A/C control positions
² battery voltage
14 - 32 FUEL SYSTEMS Ä

The PCM provides a ground path for the injector to
precisely control injector pulse width and fires the in-
jector twice per engine revolution. The PCM controls
engine idle speed and ignition timing. The PCM con-
trols the air/fuel ratio according to the oxygen con-
tent in the exhaust gas.
ACCELERATION MODE This is a CLOSED LOOP mode. The PCM recog-
nizes an abrupt increase in throttle position or MAP
pressure as a demand for increased engine output
and vehicle acceleration. The PCM increases injector
pulse width in response to increased fuel demand.
DECELERATION MODE This is a CLOSED LOOP mode. During decelera-
tion the following inputs are received by the PCM:
² coolant temperature
² manifold absolute pressure
² engine speed
² throttle position
² exhaust gas oxygen content
² A/C control positions
² battery voltage
The PCM may receive a closed throttle input from
the throttle position sensor (TPS) at the same time it
senses an abrupt decrease in manifold pressure from
the manifold absolute pressure (MAP) sensor. This
indicates a hard deceleration. The PCM may reduce
injector firing to once per engine revolution. This
helps maintain better control of the air-fuel mixture
(as sensed through the O
2sensor).
During a deceleration condition, the PCM grounds
the exhaust gas recirculation transducer (EET) sole-
noid. EGR stops when the PCM grounds the solenoid.
WIDE OPEN THROTTLE MODE This is an OPEN LOOP mode. During wide open
throttle operation, the following inputs are received
by the PCM:
² coolant temperature
² manifold absolute pressure
² engine speed
² throttle position
When the PCM senses a wide open throttle condi-
tion through the throttle position sensor (TPS) it
will:
² De-energize the air conditioning relay. This dis-
ables the air conditioning system.
² Provide a ground path for the electric EGR trans-
ducer (EET) solenoid, preventing the EGR system
from functioning. The exhaust gas oxygen content input is not ac-
cepted by the PCM during wide open throttle opera- tion. The PCM will adjust injector pulse width to
supply a predetermined amount of additional fuel.
IGNITION SWITCH OFF MODE
When the ignition switch is turned to the OFF po-
sition, the following occurs:
² All outputs are turned off.
² No inputs are monitored.
² The PCM shuts down.
FUEL PRESSURE REGULATOR
The pressure regulator is a mechanical device lo-
cated at the top of the throttle body (Fig. 17). Its
function is to maintain a constant 270 kPa (39 PSI)
across the fuel injector tip.
The regulator uses a spring loaded rubber dia-
phragm to uncover a fuel return port. When the fuel
pump becomes operational, fuel flows past the injec-
tor into the regulator, and is restricted from flowing
any further by the blocked return port. When fuel
pressure reaches 270 kPa (39 PSI) it pushes on the
diaphragm, compresses the spring, and uncovers the
fuel return port. The diaphragm and spring con-
stantly move from an open to closed position keeping
fuel pressure consistent.
THROTTLE BODY
The throttle body assembly (Fig. 18) is mounted on
top of the intake manifold. It contains the fuel injec-
tor, pressure regulator, throttle position sensor and
idle air control motor. Air flow through the throttle
body is controlled by a cable operated throttle blade
located in the base of the throttle body. The throttle
body itself provides the chamber for metering, atom-
izing, and mixing fuel with the air entering the en-
gine.
Fig. 17 Fuel Pressure Regulator
Ä FUEL SYSTEMS 14 - 33

2.2L/2.5L SINGLE POINT FUEL INJECTIONÐGENERAL DIAGNOSIS INDEX
page page
Fuel System Diagram ..................... 35 Visual Inspection......................... 35
FUEL SYSTEM DIAGRAM
The fuel injection system is managed by the pow-
ertrain control module (PCM). The PCM receives in-
puts from various switches and sensors (Fig. 1).
Based on these inputs the PCM adjusts ignition tim-
ing and idle speed through output devices. Refer to
the Single Point Fuel Injection System Operation
section of this group for system and component de-
scriptions.
VISUAL INSPECTION
Perform a visual inspection for loose, disconnected,
or misrouted wires and hoses before diagnosing or
servicing the fuel injection system. A visual check
helps save unnecessary test and diagnostic time. A
thorough visual inspection includes the following
checks: (1) Check Ignition Coil Electrical Connections (Fig.
2).
Fig. 1 Single Point Fuel Injection Components
Fig. 2 Ignition Coil
Ä FUEL SYSTEMS 14 - 35

(2) Verify the electrical connector is attached to
the Canister Purge Solenoid (Fig. 3). (3) Verify vacuum connection at Canister Purge
Solenoid is secure and not leaking.
(4) Verify the wiring connector is attached to the
Electric EGR Transducer (EET) solenoid (Fig. 4).
(5) Verify vacuum connection at the Electric EGR
Transducer is secure and not leaking (Fig. 4). (6) Verify the connector is attached to the MAP
sensor (Fig. 5). (7) Verify the vacuum hose is attached to the MAP
sensor (Fig. 5). (8) Verify the generator wiring and belt are cor-
rectly installed and tightened. (9) Verify hoses are securely attached to the EVAP
canister (Fig. 6). (10) Verify the throttle body wiring connection to
main harness is attached (Fig. 7). (11) Verify the electrical connector is attached to
idle air control motor (Fig. 8). (12) Verify the electrical connector is attached to
the throttle position sensor (Fig. 8). (13) Verify the electrical connector is attached to
the fuel injector (Fig. 8). (14) Verify the hose from PCV valve is securely at-
tached to the intake manifold vacuum port (Fig. 9). (15) Verify vacuum connections on the front and
rear of Throttle Body are secure and not leaking
(Figs. 10 and 11).
Fig. 3 Canister Purge Solenoid
Fig. 4 Electric EGR Transducer (EET) Assembly
Fig. 5 Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) Sensor
Fig. 6 EVAP Canister
Fig. 7 Throttle Body Wiring Connection to Main Harness
14 - 36 FUEL SYSTEMS Ä

(16) Verify hoses are attached to back pressure
transducer or electric EGR transducer (EET) (Fig.
11). (17) Verify heated air door vacuum connection is
connected and not leaking. (18) Verify power brake and speed control vacuum
connectors are tight (Fig. 12).
(19) Verify all ignition cables are in correct order
and seated into place (Fig. 13). (20) Verify the electrical connector is attached to
coolant temperature sensor (Fig. 14). (21) Verify battery negative ground eyelet is
mounted to the cylinder head (Figs. 14). (22) Verify electrical connector is attached to dis-
tributor (Fig. 15). (23) Verify radiator fan electrical connector is at-
tached to the harness (Fig. 15). (24) Verify oil pressure switch electrical connector
is attached to the switch (Fig. 15).
Fig. 9 Vacuum Hose from Intake Manifold to PCV Valve
Fig. 10 Throttle Body Vacuum PortsÐFront
Fig. 8 Throttle Body Wiring ConnectionsFig. 11 Throttle Body Vacuum PortsÐRear
Fig. 12 Power Brake and Speed Control VacuumConnection
Ä FUEL SYSTEMS 14 - 37

(25) On automatic transaxle equipped vehicles,
verify the park/neutral position switch electrical con-
nector is attached to the switch (Fig. 16). (26) On automatic transaxle equipped vehicles,
check the torque convertor lockup solenoid electrical
connection (Fig. 16). (27) Verify the 60-way connector is fully inserted
into the socket on the PCM (Fig. 17). (28) Verify all electrical connectors are fully in-
serted into relays and that battery connections are
clean and tight (Figs. 18, 19, 20, 21, and 22).
Fig. 13 Ignition Cable Routing and Connection
Fig. 14 Coolant Temperature Sensor
Fig. 15 Distributor, Oil Pressure Switch, and Radiator Fan Electrical Connections
Fig. 16 Automatic Transaxle Electrical Connections
Fig. 17 PCM Electrical Connector
14 - 38 FUEL SYSTEMS Ä

(29) Verify engine harness to main harness con-
nections are fully inserted.
(30) Check the vehicle speed sensor connector (Fig.
23).
Fig. 18 Power Distribution Center (PDC) (AC Body)
Fig. 19 Relay Identification (AC Body)
Fig. 20 Relay Identification (AA and AP Bodies)
Fig. 21 Power Distribution Center (PDC) (AG and AJ Body)
Fig. 22 Relay Identification (AG and AJ Body)
Fig. 23 Vehicle Speed Sensor Wiring Connection
Ä FUEL SYSTEMS 14 - 39