1992 VOLKSWAGEN TRANSPORTER Page 97

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Changing
wheels

Park
the vehicle as far as possible away
from the
traffic
flow, if necessary switch on emergency warning lights and place the
warning triangle in position - note legal re­
quirements.
• All vehicles occupants should leave the vehicle and move to a safe area (e.g. behind
the barrier).
• Apply handbrake firmly. If the car is on a
slope,
block one of the wheels on the oppo­
site side
with
a stone or some similar object.
• Take the tools out of the vehicle.
• Take spare wheel out of carrier at rear of vehicle - see previous page.
JB70
- 121J
•
Push
the wheel spanner as far as
poss­
ible onto the wheel bolt as shown and
turn

the spanner anti-clockwise. When doing this, grip the spanner as far as possible to­
wards the lever end.
If the bolts cannot be loosened, one can in
an emergency, carefully push the spanner
down
with
a
foot
on the end of the lever.
One
should ensure
that
one has a
firm

stance
and a good grip on the vehicle.

Loosen
wheel bolts about one turn. 8"" 1 •>!
•
Place
jack under vehicle: - Depressions in the side member at
front
and rear indicate the points at which the
jack must be
fitted
- see arrows in illus­
tration. On the sliding door side
ensure

that
the
claw
of the
jack
does not
fit
under
the sliding door.
- On the Pick-.up the jack is placed under the mounting of the trailing arm (triangu­lar mark) at the rear.
- If the
jack
is not
placed
at the
marked
points, the
vehicle
can be

damaged.

120
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- Wind jack arm up by turning the crank handle
until
the jack
just
goes under the

vehicle.

- The claw of the jack must fit round the vertical rib on the side member so
that

the jack cannot slip when vehicle is
lifted

- see illustration.
- If the ground is soft, place a large strong
piece
of packing under the jack base
plate.
- Align jack and at same time wind claw up
further
until
it contacts the vertical rib on
side
member. •
Lift
vehicle
until
the defective wheel is

clear
of ground.
• Remove wheel bolts and place them on
a
clean surface (hub cap, cloth, paper) next
to the jack and take the wheel off.
• Fit spare wheel and lightly tighten all bolts. The wheel bolts must be clean and

easy
to
turn
- do not under any circum­

stances
use grease or oil!
• Lowervehicleand fully tighten bolts indi- agonal sequence.
• Refit the wheel trim.
•
Place
defective wheel in spare wheel carrier and secure it - see page 119.

Notes

• Pay attention to the following after changing a wheel:
- Check the
tyre
pressure immediately on the spare wheel which has been fitted.
- Have the tightening torque of the wheel bolts checked
with
a torque wrench as

soon
as possible. The torque for steel
and alloy wheels is 160 Nm. If it has been established when changing
the wheel
that
wheel bolts are corroded and hard to screw in, they must be renewed be­
fore checking the tightening torque.
Until these checks have been carried out
one should, for safety reasons, only drive at

a
moderate
speed.

• The defective wheel should be repaired
as
soon as possible.

Attention
If the
vehicle
is to be
subsequent­
ly
fitted
with
wheels
or
tyres

which
differ
from
those
fitted
by
the
factory,
it is
essential
to
read

the
remarks
in the
centre
and
right
hand
columns on
page
113.
121
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Fuses

The
individual current circuits are protected by fuses..

The
central electrics
with
the relays is on
the
left
in the footwell behind a hinged shelf. It is advisable to always carry a few spare

fuses
on the vehicle. These can be obtained
from any Volkswagen dealer. Changing a fuse
• Switch off the component concerned. • Take box or lid off by turning knob 90 de­
grees
to
right
or
left,
then pull and unhook box or lid out of retainers at the bottom.
• With the aid of the list of fuses (see next
page),
determine which fuse belongs to the
component
that
has failed. • Pull out the fuse concerned.
• Replace blown fuse - can be recognised
by the burnt metal strip -
with
a fuse of

same
amperage.
• Insert box or lid by turning knob again
905
to
right
or
left,
hook box or lid on at bot­
tom, swing up and press knob in.

Notes

• If the newly inserted fuse blows again after a short time, the electrical system must be checked by
a
Volkswagen dealer as

soon
as possible.
• On no account should fuses be
patched
up because
this
can cause
serious
damage
elsewhere
in the

electrical
system.
• Some of the components listed are only found on certain models or are optional ex­
tras.
122
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Tow
starting/towing

General
notes

• "owing eyes are provided on the
right
under
front
and rear bumpers.

Tow-ropes
or bars should be attached at

these
points only.

On
vehicles
with
a factory
fitted
towing bracket a towing eye is not fitted. On those

vehicles
the towing bracket can be used for
towing.
• The tow-rope should be slightly elastic to reduce the risk of damage to both ve­
hicles.
It is advisable to use synthetic fibre

ropes,
or ropes of similar elastic material. It
is
however
safer
to use a
tow-bar!

Avoid
excessive towing
effort
and do not

jerk.
During towing operations on other than
surfaced
roads there is always the danger

that
the attachment points will be over­
loaded
and damaged.
•
Before
trying
to
start
engine
by
towing,
the
battery
from
another
ve­
hicle
should be used for
starting
if
possible - see previous page. If the
vehicle
has to be tow
started

or
towed
at any
time,
the
following

must
be noted:
•
Check
whether there are any local traffic regulations concerning the towing of ve­

hicles.

• Both drivers must be familiar
with
tow­ ing procedures. Inexperienced drivers

should
not attempt to tow start or tow.
• When using a tow-rope the driver of the towing vehicle must engage the clutch very gently when moving off and changing gear.
• The driver of the vehicle being towed must ensure
that
the tow-rope is always

taut.
• The emergency lights must be switchec
on on both vehicles - unless local regula­
tions differ.
• Turn ignition key to "Drive" position sc
that
the steering wheel is free and the
turr
signals,
horn, and, if necessary, the wind­

screen
wiper and washer can be
used.

• As the brake servo only works when the engine is running, considerably more pres­

sure
is required on the brake pedal when the
engine is not running.
• On vehicles
with
power assisted steer­ ing more force is required to
turn
steering
wheel when engine is not running.
• When there is no lubricant in the manua or automatic gearbox, the vehicle may only

be
towed
with
driving wheels lifted.
132
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Tow
starting

The
following
points
must
be
noted
when
tow
starting:

•
Before
moving off, engage 2nd or 3rd gear.
• Switch ignition on.
• As soon as engine starts, depress clutch and move gear lever
into
neutral to avoid running
into
the towing vehicle.
• On
vehicles
with
a
catalytic
con­
verter
the
engine
must
not be
started
by
towing
the
vehicle
in ex­
cess of 50 m1. Because
then,
un-

burnt
fuel
can pass
into
the con­

verter
and cause
damage.

• For
technical
reasons tow
start­
ing a
vehicle
with
an
automatic

gearbox
is not possible.
Towing

When
towing
vehicles
with
an
auto­

matic
gearbox,
the following points must be noted in addition to the details on
the previous page:
• Selector lever at "N".
• Do not have the vehicle towed faster than 30 mph (50 km/h).
• To not tow
further
than 30 miles (50 kilo­ meters). If the vehicle has to be towed long distances
it must be
lifted
at the
front.

Reason:
When the engine is not running,
the gearbox oil pump is not working and the
gearbox is not adequately lubricated for high speeds or long distances.
• With a breakdown vehicle the vehicle may only be suspended at the
front.
Reason:
If given a rear suspended tow, the
drive shafts
turn
backwards. The planetary

gears
in the automatic gearbox then
turn
at

such
high speeds
that
the gearbox will be

severely
damaged in a short time.

Does
not apply to 50 kW Diesel engine
with

catalytic converter

133
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Rear
At mounting for the rear trailing arm (left i lustration) Short wheelbase vehicles, when unladen
can as an exception be lifted on a single
col­

umn hoist.
The lifting point is then at the side member at reinforcement plate (illustration).
Vehicle
jack

Lifting with the vehicle jack is described on
page 120.
135
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TECHNICAL
DESCRIPTION

Emission
control
system<122>

The exhaust emission control system effec­
tively reduces
the
amount
of
pollutants
in

the exhaust gas.
Petrol
engines

The main parts
of the
emission control
sys­

tem
are

•
a
mixture formation system which guar­ antees very exact composition
of
the air/pe­

trol
mixture
at all
engine speeds
•
the
catalytic converter
•
the
Lambda probe1'
The
catalytic
converter
is
installed
in

the exhaust system.
It
consists
of a
steel-
cased
ceramic
or
metal body containing
a
multitude
of
longitudinal
passages
which
are vapour coated
with
a
thin
layer
of
plati­
num
or
rhodium.
The exhaust gas flows through
the
catalytic converter
and
reacts
with
an
afterburning
process
when
it
contacts
the
precious
metal coating.

Lambda
=
Air/petrol relationship
)B19-
129
In
this process three pollutants (three-way
catalytic converter)
are
converted
as
fol­
lows.

• Carbon monoxide
to
carbon dioxide
• Hydrocarbons
to
water
• Nitrogen oxide
to
nitrogen
(four
fifths
of
the
air we
breathe
is
nitrogen).

A
stipulation
for the
proper functioning
of

the catalytic converter, however,
is
that
the
exhaust gas has
a
certain specific composi­

tion
and
minimum temperature when
it

enters
the
catalytic converter. To obtain this
composition, exact regulation
of the
fuel/air mixture
is
required. Avery exact regulation

is
obtained
with
a
Lambda probe. The Lambda
probe*
is
fitted
in the ex­

haust pipe where
it
measures
the
exhaust

gas
composition continuously. The informa­

tion
signal
is
fed
to
an electronic control
unit

which
in
turn
regulates
the
mixture forma­

tion
system so
that
the
mixture
is
kept
con­

stantly correct.
The exhaust emission control system tech­ nology
is so
well developed
that
no
addi­
tional maintenance whatsoever
is
required.

To
maintain
the
effectiveness
of the
emission
control system,
the
following
must
be
noted:
• Only
fill
up
with
unleaded petrol
- see
page
86.

• Never
run
tank completely empty
-
see page
85.

•
Do not
overfill engine
oil -
see page
98.

•
Do not
switch
off
ignition whilst driving - see page
39.

•
Do not tow
start vehicle
for
more than 50 m-see page 133.
137
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TECHNICAL DATA

General information
Where
not
otherwise indicated
or
listed separately,
all the
following
technical data
is for
standard
ve­
hicles
in
Germany. For special vehicles
and
vehicles
for

other countries these figures
may be

different.
Please note that
the
details
in the

official vehicle documents
can be

taken
as the
correct figures. Which engine
is
fitted
in
your
ve­

hicle
can be
found
in the
vehicle
data
in the
Service Schedule
or in

the official vehicle paperwork.
ENGINE DATA
Output11

kW
(BHP)
at
rpm
Maximum

torque

Nm
at rpm
Num­

ber
of

cylin­
ders
Ca­

pacity

cm3
Stroke

mm
Bore

mm
Com­

pres­
sion
Fuel2'

Petrol engines
with regulated
catalyst 62 (84)
/
4300

159/2200
4

1968
95.5
81.0

8.5
91
RON
unleaded
Petrol engines
with regulated
catalyst
81
(110)/4500

190/2200
5
2461
95.5
81.0

8.5
91
RON
unleaded
Diesel engines 45 (61)/3700

127/1700-2500
4

1896
95.5 79.5
22.5
Diesel

Diesel engines

503>
(68)
/
3700
140/2000-3000
4
1896

95.5 79.5
22.5
Diesel

Diesel engines
57 (78)/3700
164/1800-2200
5
2370
95.5
79.5 22.5
Diesel

Petrol engines
without cata­
lyst41
62 (84)
/
4300
1 59/2200 4
1968

95.5
81.0

8.5
91
RON
unleaded/leaded

11 According to EC or DIN regulations. Due to different methods of measuring, slight
deviations are possible. 21 For further details -
31 With catalyst see page 86.
4) Only for some export countries
141
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