terminal "B" and negative lead to positive battery terminal. Reconnect
negative battery cable.
3) Start engine. Turn accessories on and adjust engine speed
until ammeter indicates 20 amps, and note voltmeter reading. If
voltmeter indicates .2 volt or less, system is okay.
4) If voltage is greater than .2 volt, wiring is defective
between alternator terminal "B", fusible link and battery positive
terminal. Disconnect negative battery cable, and remove test
equipment.
ALTERNATOR OUTPUT TEST
NOTE: During alternator output test, a slightly discharged battery
should be used as a fully charged battery may not allow full
alternator output.
1) Turn ignition switch to OFF position. Disconnect negative
battery cable. Disconnect alternator output wire from terminal "B".
Install positive lead of 100-amp ammeter to terminal "B" and negative
lead to disconnected output lead.
CAUTION: Tighten each connection securely as heavy current flow will
exist. DO NOT use clips on ammeter.
2) Connect positive voltmeter lead (0-20 volts) to alternato\
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terminal "B" and negative lead to ground. Install tachometer, and
reconnect negative battery cable.
3) Ensure voltmeter indicates battery voltage. If no voltage
exists, an open circuit is present in wire between alternator terminal
"B" and battery negative terminal. Check grounds and fusible link.
4) Turn headlights on, and start engine. Set headlights at
high beam and heater switch on HIGH. Quickly accelerate engine speed
to 2500 RPM and note alternator output current registered on the
ammeter. Minimum output should be within specification. Refer to the
ALTERNATOR MINIMUM OUTPUT SPECIFICATIONS table.
NOTE: Output voltage changes with electrical load and temperature.
Ensure proper electrical load is applied while checking
output. Nominal output may not be obtained if alternator or
ambient temperature is excessive. Allow to cool, and recheck
output. Alternator output is stamped on metal plate attached
to alternator case.
5) If minimum output is not obtained and alternator wiring is
okay, repair alternator. Disconnect negative battery cable, and remove
test equipment.
REGULATED VOLTAGE TEST
NOTE: Ensure battery is fully charged and proper drive belt
tension exists.
1) Turn ignition switch to OFF position. Disconnect negative
battery cable. Install a digital voltmeter between alternator terminal
"S" and ground. See Fig. 10. Connect positive voltmeter lead to
terminal "S" of alternator. Connect negative voltmeter lead to ground.
2) Disconnect alternator output wire from terminal "B".
Install a 100-amp ammeter in series to terminal "B" and disconnected
output lead. Install positive lead of ammeter to terminal "B" and
negative lead to disconnected output wire. Install a tachometer, and
reconnect negative battery cable.
3) Turn ignition switch to ON position and ensure voltmeter
indicates battery voltage. If no voltage exists, an open circuit
if possible. If proper
adjustment cannot be obtained,
require repair or replacement
of worn component.
Wheel bearing race
is loose in the
hub bore ............... A ...... Require replacement of hub
assembly and wheel bearings.
Wheel bearing races
are pitted ............. A .. Require replacement of bearing
assembly.
Wheel bearing races
are worn ............... A .. Require replacement of bearing
assembly.
Wheel bearing rollers
are pitted ............. A .. Require replacement of bearing
assembly.
Wheel bearing rollers
are worn ............... A .. Require replacement of bearing
assembly.
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WHEEL ALIGNMENT
WHEEL ALIGNMENT
Wheel alignment is defined as the measurement, analysis, and
adjustment of steering and suspension angles to conform to OEM
specifications. These angles usually include, but are not limited to:
caster, camber, toe, and thrust angle. Where these angles are not
adjustable and not in specification, component replacement or
correction kits may be required. Errors in set-back and steering axis
inclination (SAI) are often attributable to failed or damaged
components and must be corrected prior to performing an alignment.
Failure to replace or correct suggested parts or service may
prevent a proper alignment.
Before performing an alignment check, inspect and verify the
following:
* Tire pressure and size
* Vehicle loading
* Ride height
* Steering and suspension parts
If the inspection reveals that all the above are within
published specifications, a wheel alignment check and an alignment, if
needed, may be performed.
CAUTION: Under no circumstances should a technician bend or heat
any steering or suspension component, unless specified by
the vehicle manufacturer, for example, Ford forged twin
"I" beam axles. All measurements and specifications must
be noted on the inspection report.
WHEEL ALIGNMENT INSPECTION
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Condition Code Procedure
Dog tracking, shown
to be caused by
faulty alignment ....... 2 ................ Suggest repair.
Lead, shown to
