1991 FORD FESTIVA cooling

Fig. 1: Installing Cylinder Head Bolts (1.3L)

Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.
Removal (1.6L)
1. Release fuel pressure. Drain cooling system. Disconnect negative battery terminal. Remove intake air tube from throttle body.
Disconnect air by-pass hoses. Remove spark plug wires and retainers. Remove intake air tube from air cleaner assembly. Disconnect
coolant hose from thermostat cover. Disconnect vacuum hoses and coolant hoses from throttle body and intake manifold.
2. Disconnect throttle cable and remove retaining brackets and cable. Disconnect fuel lines at fuel filter and pressure regulator. Disconnect
main harness connector. Disconnect O2 sensor connector and remove ground connection retaining screw at bracket. Disconnect
intercooler tubes from turbocharger (if equipped). Remove ground wire and strap retaining bolts at front sides of cylinder head.
3. Remove timing belt covers and timing belt. On turbocharged vehicles, remove exhaust manifold and turbocharger as an assembly. On
non-turbocharged vehicles, disconnect front exhaust pipe from exhaust manifold. Remove intake manifold support upper retaining bolts.
4. Remove cam cover. Remove cylinder head and intake manifold as an assembly. Separate intake manifold from cylinder head (if
required).
Installation (1.6L)
1. Position new (2-piece) exhaust gasket on cylinder head with heavy gasket installed first. Install exhaust manifold to head. Install intake
manifold to head using new gasket. Tighten all manifold nuts to specification. See TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS
table at end of
article.
2. Ensure gasket surfaces of head and block are clean of old gasket and sealant. Place new head gasket on cylinder block. Carefully, place
cylinder head on block. Tighten cylinder head in sequence and in two stages to correct specification. See Fig. 2
.

Fig. 2: Installing Cylinder Head Bolts (1.6L)

Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.
3. Install intake manifold support upper retaining bolts and tighten to specification. See TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS
table at end of
NOTE:Ensure coolant passage openings in gasket align with m anifold and cylinder head.
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article. Install timing belt and covers. Install cam cover. On non-turbo engines, connect front exhaust pipe to exhaust manifold. Tighten
nuts to specification.
4. On turbocharged engines, install exhaust manifold and turbocharger assembly. Install ground wire and strap to cylinder head with
retaining bolts. Connect intercooler tubes (if equipped). Connect O2 sensor connector, and install ground wires to bracket on cylinder
head with retaining screw. Connect main engine harness connector. Connect fuel lines to fuel filter and pressure regulator. Install
throttle cable and retaining brackets.
5. Install coolant hoses and vacuum lines to intake manifold and throttle body. Install coolant hose to thermostat cover. Install intake air
tube to air cleaner. Install spark plug wires and retainers. Install intake air tube to throttle body, and connect by-pass hoses. Fill cooling
system. Connect negative battery terminal. Start engine, check for leaks and system operation.
TIMING BELT COVER
Removal & Installation (1.3L)
Remove accessory belts. Remove water pump pulley. Remove crankshaft damper. Remove bolts retaining upper and lower cover halves to
engine front. Remove both covers. To install, reverse removal procedure.
Removal & Installation (1.6L)
Raise vehicle on hoist. Remove RF tire and wheel assembly. Remove RF splash guard. Lower vehicle. Remove spark plugs and set camsh aft
timing to TDC No. 1 cylinder. Remove oil dipstick. Remove water pump pulley. Remove crankshaft pulley, damper and baffle plate. Remove
upper timing belt cover. Remove center and lower timing belt covers. To install, reverse removal procedure.
TIMING BELT
Removal (1.3L)
Remove accessory belts, water pump pulley, crankshaft damper and upper and lower timing belt covers. Mark timing belt direction of rotation
for installation reference. Remove timing belt tensioner pulley bolt. Remove tensioner pulley, spring and spring cover. Remove timing belt.
Installation (1.3L)
1. Ensure timing belt and sprockets are clean and not worn or damaged. Align crankshaft and camshaft timing marks. See Fig. 3 . No. 1
cylinder must be at TDC of compression stroke.
2. Position belt on camshaft sprocket. Install timing belt tensioner spring, spring cover and pulley. Tighten tensioner pulley bolt to
specification. See TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS
table at end of article. To complete installation, reverse removal procedure. Tighten
all bolts and nuts to specification.

Fig. 3: Aligning Camshaft & Crankshaft Timing Marks (1.3L)

Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.
Removal (1.6L)
NOTE:Always rotate engine in direction of norm al operation. Rotating crankshaft backwards m ay cause belt to
jump timing.
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bearing oil seal. To complete installation, reverse removal procedure.
WATER PUMP
Removal & Installation (1.3L)
Remove timing belt. Drain cooling system. Remove lower radiator hose and heater return hose from water pump. Remove water pump
retaining bolts and water pump. Clean gasket mounting surface and replace gasket. To install, reverse removal procedure.
Removal (1.6L)
1. Remove timing belt. See TIMING BELT . Drain cooling system. Remove timing belt tensioner and idler pulleys. Remove oil dipstick
bracket retaining bolt.
2. Remove power steering pump from retaining bracket, leaving hoses attached. Remove power steering bracket and position power
steering pump to one side. Remove water pump outlet. Remove water pump retaining bolts and water pump.
Installation (1.6L)
1. Clean all gasket surfaces. Transfer rubber belt cover seal to new water pump (if required). Position water pump with new gasket and
install retaining bolts. Install pump outlet with new gasket and "O" ring. See TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS
table at end of article.
2. Install oil dipstick retaining bolt. Install timing belt tensioner and idler pulleys. Install power steering pump bracket. Install power
steering pump. Tighten all bolts and nuts to specification. See TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS
table at end of article.
3. Install timing belt. Fill cooling system. Start engine and check for leaks and proper system function.
OIL PAN
Removal (1.3L)
Disconnect battery ground cable. Raise vehicle and drain engine oil. Remove flywheel housing dust cover. Remove oil pan retaining bolts,
nuts and stiffeners. Rotate crankshaft while removing oil pan. Remove baffle plate from oil pan. Clean gasket mating surfaces thoroughly.
Installation (1.3L)
Ensure gasket surfaces are clean. Apply oil resistant sealer to front and rear engine covers and across joint line of cylinder block.
Removal (1.6L)
1. Raise vehicle and drain engine oil. Remove frame brace retaining bolt. Loosen RH "A" arm front bolt, and pivot brace downward.
Disconnect front exhaust pipe from exhaust manifold (or turbocharger). Remove exhaust pipe bracket retaining bolts. Loosen rubber
exhaust hangers at catalytic converter.
2. Allow exhaust to hang supported by mechanic's wire. Disconnect turbocharger oil return hose (if equipped). Remove oil pan retaining
bolts. Carefully pry oil pan loose from cylinder block.
Installation (1.6L)
1. Clean pan and block gasket surfaces. Apply Gasket Sealant (E3AZ-19562-A) to new front and rear pan seals. Install seals to cylinder
block. Apply Gasket Sealant (E3AZ-19562-A) to oil pan gasket surface. See Fig. 8
. Install oil pan and tighten pan retaining bolts to
specification. See TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS
table at end of article.
2. Connect turbocharger oil return hose (if equipped). Install rubber exhaust hanger to brackets. Install new gasket and connect fro n t
exhaust pipe to exhaust manifold (or turbocharger). Install front exhaust pipe bracket. Tighten nuts and bolts to specification.
3. Pivot frame brace into position. Tighten retaining bolt to crossmember and RH "A" arm front retaining bolt to specification. Lower
vehicle, fill with oil and start engine. Check for oil leaks and system operation. NOTE:Raise engine slightly with floor jack, if required, to gain clearance for water pum p rem oval.
CAUT ION: DO NOT force a pry tool between cylinder block and oil pan.
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Installation
1. Install pressure regulator valve, spring, retainer and new cotter pin. Press a new seal in front cover housing. Install outer and inner gears
in housing. Install pump cover. Coat bolts with Loctite and tighten to specification. See TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS
table at end of
article.
2. Install new gasket and install front cover housing. Install new gasket and install pick-up tube and screen. Tighten all bolts/nuts to
specification. To complete installation, reverse removal procedure.
ENGINE COOLING
TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS
TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS
1.6L.0012-.0043 (.03-.11)
NOTE:Refer to WAT ER PUMP
under REMOVAL & INSTALLATION in this article.
ApplicationFt. Lbs. (N.m)
"A" Arm Front Bolt72-86 (97-117)
A/C Compressor Bolt29-40 (39-54)
Camshaft Sprocket Bolt36-45 (49-61)
Connecting Rod Nut
Step 111-13 (15-18)
Step 2
1.3L22-25 (30-34)
1.6L35-38 (47-52)
Crankshaft Pulley Bolts9-13 (12-17)
Crankshaft Sprocket Bolt80-87 (108-118)
Crossmember-To-Body Bolt
1.3L47-66 (64-89)
1.6L27-37 (35-50)
Cylinder Head Bolt
Step 135-40 (48-54)
Step 256-60 (76-81)
Exhaust Manifold-To-Cylinder Head
1.3L12-17 (16-23)
1.6L29-42 (39-57)
Exhaust Pipe-To-Manifold29-42 (39-57)
Exhaust Pipe-To-Support Bracket32-45 (43-61)
Flywheel Bolt71-76 (96-103)
Front Cover Housing Bolt (1.3L)14-19 (19-26)
Front Engine Mount Nut32-38 (43-52)
Heater Tube32-45 (43-61)
Intake Manifold-To-Cylinder Head
1.3L14-20 (19-27)
1.6L47-66 (64-89)
Main Bearing Cap Bolts40-44 (54-59)
O2 Sensor27-33 (37-45)
Oil Pump Cover Bolt (1.6L)14-18 (19-25)
P/S Pump Bracket (Nut & Bolt)35-49 (47-66)
P/S Adjusting Nut27-38 (37-52)
P/S Pivot Bolt23-34 (31-46)
Pulse Air Tube Nut23-34 (31-46)
Rear Engine Mount Nut
1.3L21-34 (28-46)
1.6L47-66 (64-89)
Rocker Arm Shaft Bolts16-21 (22-28)
Side Engine Mount Nuts
1.3L29-40 (39-54)
1.6L
RH49-67 (67-91)
LH33-48 (45-65)
Spark Plug11-17 (15-23)
Thermostat Housing Bolt14-22 (19-30)
Timing Belt Tensioner Adjusting Bolt14-19 (19-26)
Turbo Oil Supply Tube
Engine Block Side12-18 (16-24)
Banjo Side(1) 106-159 (12-18)
Turbo-To-Manifold29-42 (39-57)
Water Outlet Bolt14-22 (19-30)
Water Pump Pulley Bolts (1.3L)36-45 (49-61)
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Removal
Drain radiator and remove negative battery cable. Disconnect throttle cable. Remove air duct from throttle body. Disconnect throttle position
sensor/switch connector. Mark all coolant and vacuum hoses for reassembly reference and remove from throttle body. See Fig. 4
. Remove
intake plenum bolts and remove intake plenum and gasket.
Installation
To install, reverse removal procedure. Use NEW intake plenum-to-intake manifold gasket. Tighten bolts to specification, see TORQUE
SPECIFICATIONS at end of article.
OXYGEN (O2) SENSOR
Removal & Installation
Disconnect negative battery cable. Disconnect wire harness connector, and remove oxygen sensor. If exhaust sensor is difficult to remove, use
rust penetrant to avoid possible damage to exhaust threads. If new sensor is not pre-coated with anti-seize, apply anti-seize compound to
sensor threads. DO NOT remove anti-seize from sensor. To install, tighten sensor and attach wire harness connector.
THROTTLE BODY
Removal & Installation
Drain radiator and remove negative battery cable. Remove resonance chamber. Disconnect throttle cable. Remove air duct. Mark all coolant
and vacuum hoses for reassembly reference and remove from throttle body. Disconnect throttle position sensor/switch connector. Remove
throttle body nuts and bolts. Remove throttle body and gasket. To install, reverse removal procedure using NEW throttle body-to-intake
plenum gasket.
THROTTLE POSITION SENSOR/SWITCH
Removal & Installation
Disconnect negative battery cable. Disconnect throttle position sensor/switch connector. Remove attaching bolts. Remove sensor/switch from
throttle body. To install, reverse removal procedure.
TURBOCHARGER
Removal
1. Drain radiator and remove negative battery cable. Remove throttle body air intake tube. Disconnect intercooler hose from turbocharger
assembly. Disconnect O2 sensor. Remove lower heat shield retaining bolts and lower heat shield from turbocharger. Remove upper heat
shield retaining bolts and upper heat shield from exhaust manifold.
2. Slide O2 sensor wire and guide through upper heat shield. Remove side heat shield retaining bolts from turbocharger, and remove sid e
heat shield. Remove power steering belt. Remove power steering pump through bolt and adjuster nuts and bolts. Disconnect lower
radiator hose from water pump.
3. Pull pump from bracket, and position pump to access mounting bracket retaining nut and bolts. Remove mounting bracket-to-engine nut
and bolts and remove bracket. Remove air cleaner duct retaining screws. Loosen clamp at turbocharger and move duct tube out of way.
Disconnect coolant supply hose at turbocharger.
4. Remove bolt and sealing washers attaching oil supply line at engine block. Raise vehicle on hoist. Remove nuts and washers from
exhaust pipe flange. Remove bolts attaching exhaust hanger to engine block. Slide rubber exhaust hangers from catalytic converter. Pull
exhaust pipe downward and to left side of vehicle. Disconnect oil return hose from turbocharger. Disconnect coolant return hose fro m
turbocharger.
5. Remove turbocharger support bracket retaining bolts. Remove coolant by-pass tube outlet-to-water pump bolts. Lower vehicle. Loosen
retaining clamp bolt on coolant by-pass tube at rear of cylinder head. Remove 11 retaining nuts from exhaust manifold. Position coolant
by-pass tube out of way after pulling bracket from exhaust stud.
6. Remove exhaust manifold by pulling off studs and moving assembly towards right side of engine compartment, clearing cooling fan.
With assembly removed from vehicle, remove turbocharger-to-exhaust manifold nuts. Separate assembly and discard gasket.
Installation
1. Install NEW gasket on exhaust manifold and install turbocharger onto studs. Install turbocharger-to-exhaust manifold nuts. Remo ve o il
supply line from turbocharger. Install NEW exhaust gasket on cylinder head. Install turbocharger and exhaust manifold assembly onto
studs. Install coolant by-pass tube bracket onto exhaust stud. Install 11 retaining nuts onto exhaust manifold.
2. Securely tighten heater tube clamp bolt. Raise vehicle. Install coolant by-pass tube outlet-to-water pump bolts. Install turbocharger
support bracket retaining bolts. Connect coolant return hose to turbocharger. Connect oil return hose to turbocharger. Install exhaust
pipe onto turbocharger, and hand tighten nuts and washers. Install bolts attaching exhaust hanger to engine block.
3. Slide rubber exhaust hangers onto catalytic converter. Tighten exhaust pipe nuts and washers. Lower vehicle. Install bolt and sealing
washers attaching oil supply line at engine block. Install oil supply line onto turbocharger. To complete installation, reverse removal
procedure. Tighten bolts and nuts to specification, see TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS
at end of article. NOTE:T o prevent dust and dirt from entering intake m anifold ports, cover ports with clean cloth after
rem oving intake plenum .
WARNING:DO NOT rem ove oxygen sensor when engine is hot.
NOTE:Clean throttle body exterior before rem oval.
CAUT ION: Before installing turbocharger, put .8 oz. (25 m l) engine oil into turbocharger oil inlet.
Page 4 of 5 MITCHELL 1 ARTICLE - N - REMOVE/INSTALL/OVERHAUL 1991 ENGINE PERFORMANCE Ford/Mercury Removal, O
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Back To Article
C - SPECIFICATIONS
1991 ENGINE PERFORMANCE Ford/Mercury - Service & Adjustm ent Specifications
INTRODUCTION
Use this article to quickly find specifications related to servicing and on-vehicle adjustments. This is a quick-reference article to use when you
are familiar with an adjustment procedure and only need a specification.
CAPACITIES
BATTERY SPECIFICATIONS
FLUID CAPACITIES
FLUID CAPACITIES
QUICK-SERVICE
SERVICE INTERVALS & SPECIFICATIONS
REPLACEMENT INTERVALS
BELT ADJUSTMENTS
(1)
BELT ADJUSTMENTS
(1)
MECHANICAL CHECKS
ENGINE COMPRESSION
Check engine compression at specified cranking speed with engine at normal operating temperature, all spark plugs removed and throttle wide
open.
COMPRESSION SPECIFICATIONS
ApplicationAmp Hr. Rating
1.3L & 1.6L50
ApplicationQts. (L)
Crankcase (Includes Filter)3.6 (3.4)
Cooling System (Includes Heater)5.3 (5.0)
Manual Transaxle (Mercon)2.6 (2.5)
Automatic Transaxle (Mercon)6.0 (5.7)
ApplicationQts. (L)
Crankcase (Includes Filter)
Non-Turbo3.5 (3.3)
Turbo3.7 (3.5)
Cooling System (Includes Heater)
Non-Turbo5.3 (5.0)
Turbo6.3 (6.0)
Manual Transaxle (Mercon)3.4 (3.2)
Automatic Transaxle (Mercon)6.0 (5.7)
ComponentInterval (Miles)
Air Filter30,000
Camsh aft Timin g Bel t60,000
Coolant30,000
Oil & Filter3000
Spark Plugs30,000
ApplicationNew BeltUsed Belt
A/C Belt110-125 (50-57)92-110 (42-50)
Alternator Belt110-132 (50-60)95-110 (43-50)
(1)Tension in Lbs. (Kg) Using Strand Tension Gauge
ApplicationNew BeltUsed Belt
A/C Belt110-132 (50-60)110-132 (50-60)
Alternator Belt110-132 (50-60)110-132 (50-60)
(1)Tension in Lbs. (Kg) Using Strand Tension Gauge.
ApplicationSpecification
Compression Ratio
1.3L9.7:1
1.6L(1)
Compression Pressure(2)
Page 1 of 3 MITCHELL 1 ARTICLE - C - SPECIFICATIONS 1991 ENGINE PERFORMANCE Ford/Mercury - Service & Adjustment Spe
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VANE AIR TEMPERATURE RESISTANCE (1)
WIDE OPEN THROTTLE SWITCH (1.3L)
This switch is part of the throttle position switch. See THROTTLE POSITION SWITCH (1.3L).
MODULES, RELAYS & SOLENOIDS
MODULES
Ignition Module
See IGNITION SYSTEM .
RELAYS
A/C Clutch Relay
See MISCELLANEOUS CONTROLS .
Cooling Fan Relay
See MISCELLANEOUS CONTROLS .
SOLENOIDS
Canister Purge Solenoid
See FUEL EVAPORATION .
Fuel Pressure Regulator Control Solenoid
See FUEL DELIVERY under FUEL SYSTEM.
Idle Speed Control (ISC) Solenoid
This solenoid is part of the Idle Speed Control By-Pass Air (ISC-BPA) valve. See IDLE CONTROL SYSTEM under FUEL SYSTEM.
FUEL SYSTEM
FUEL DELIVERY
Fuel Pressure Regulator
1. Measure fuel pressure. See FUEL PRESSURE in BASIC TESTING article in the ENGINE PERFORMANCE Section. Stop engine.
With fuel pressure tester still installed, measure fuel pressure after 5 minutes. If fuel pressure is greater than 21 psi (1.5 kg/cm
2 ) after 5
minutes, go to step 2). Replace fuel pressure regulator if fuel pressure does not remain higher than 21 psi (1.5 kg/cm
2 ).
2. Remove fuel pressure regulator. Inspect "O" ring, gasket and mounting surfaces for defects. Connect vacuum tester to fuel return tube,
and apply 20 in. Hg vacuum. Replace fuel pressure regulator if vacuum drops by more than 10 in. Hg in 10 seconds. Reinstall fuel
pressure regulator.
3. Again measure fuel pressure. If regulated fuel pressure is higher than specification, check for engine vacuum leaks, damage to fuel
pressure regulator housing or a restricted fuel return line. Replace fuel pressure regulator if no problems are found.
Fuel Pressure Regulator Control Solenoid (1.6L)
1. Locate PRESSURE CONTROL (PRC) solenoid on cowl panel next to canister purge solenoid. Unplug PRC connector. Remove both
vacuum lines. Plug one vacuum port and apply vacuum to remaining port. Replace PRC solenoid if it does not hold vacuum.
2. Connect 12-volt power to PRC terminals. If vacuum drops to zero, PRC solenoid is okay. Replace PRC solenoid if vacuum does not
drop to zero.
FUEL CONTROL
Fuel Injectors
1. Using stethoscope, listen for normal clicking sound at each injector during idle and acceleration. If clicking sound is not heard, remove
electrical connector from injector.
2. Using ohmmeter, measure resistance between injector terminals. See FUEL INJECTOR RESISTANCE
table. Replace injector if
°F (°C)Ohms
-4 (-20)15,000
32 (0)5200
68 (20)2500
104 (40)100
140 (60)600
176 (80)300
(1)Resistance may vary by plus or minus 15 percent
NOTE:For fuel pressure specifications, see FUEL PRESSURE SPECIFICAT IONS
article.
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Fig. 1: Testing Canister Purge Solenoid

Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.
Carbon Canister
1. Start and run engine until it is at operating temperature. Stop engine. Remove carbon canister. Carbon canister on 1.3L is located under
brake booster. Carbon canister is located in right side of engine compartment near cowl panel on 1.6L.
2. Inspect carbon canister for presence of liquid fuel, as evidenced by odor or weight. Blow into air vent and ensure air exits fro m fu el
vapor inlet. Replace carbon canister if it contains fuel, or if air does not pass freely through it.
POSITIVE CRANKCASE VENTILATION (PCV)
1. Remove PCV valve from valve cover and disconnect it from PCV h o se . S h a ke va l ve vigo r o u sl y t o e n su r e p l u n ge r is fr e e t o mo ve .
Replace PCV valve if plunger is not free.
2. Idle engine until it is warm. Remove fresh air hose at inlet end. Plug nipple immediately to prevent stalling. Verify presence of vacuum at
inlet end of hose. If vacuum is not present, replace PCV valve or service hoses or loose oil dipstick.
THROTTLE CONTROLS
Dashpot
Disconnect PCV valve. Remove resonance chamber. Push dashpot rod in and then release it. Replace dashpot if rod does not go in slowly and
return quickly.
MISCELLANEOUS CONTROLS
A/C CLUTCH
A/C Clutch Relay
Remove relay from its socket near left headlight, in front of battery. Connect ohmmeter to contact terminals (Blue/Red and Black/White wires
on mating connector). Ohmmeter should indicate continuity. Supply 12 volts to remaining terminals (Green/Yellow and Yellow wires on
mating connector). Ohmmeter should indicate no continuity.
COOLING FAN
Cooling Fan
Unplug connector from cooling fan. Apply 12 volts to one terminal of fan connector. Ground remaining fan connector terminal. Replace fan if
it does not run.
Cooling Fan Control Relay
Remove relay from its socket near left headlight. Connect ohmmeter to contact terminals. Wire colors are Yellow/Red and Black on mating
connector on Festiva; Yellow/Green and Black on Capri. Ohmmeter should indicate continuity. Supply 12 volts to remaining 2 relay
terminals. Ohmmeter should indicate no continuity.
NOTE:Although som e of the controlled devices listed here are not technically engine perform ance
com ponents, they can affect driveability if they m alfunction.
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