
GASOLINE ENGINE - MECHANICAL TROUBLE SHOOTING
BASIC GASOLINE ENGINE - MECHANICAL TROUBLE SHOOTING CHART
Overheating
Coolant LeakFill/Pressure Test System
A/C Condenser Fins CloggedRemove/Clean Condenser
Radiator Fins CloggedRemove/Clean Radiator
Thermostat Stuck ClosedReplace Thermostat
C l o gge d C o o l in g S yst e m P a ssa ge sClean/Flush Cooling System
Water Pump MalfunctionReplace Water Pump
Fan Clutch MalfunctionReplace Fan Clutch
Retarded Ignition TimingReset Ignition Timing
Cooling Fan MalfunctionTest Cooling Fan/Circuit
Cooling Fan Motor MalfunctionTest Fan Motor
Cooling Fan Relay MalfunctionTest Fan Relay
Faulty Radiator CapReplace Radiator Cap
Broken/Slipping Fan BeltReplace Fan Belt
Restricted ExhaustRepair Exhaust System
Corrosion
Impurities In CoolantClean/Flush System
Coolant Leakage
Damaged hoseReplace Hose
Leaky Water PumpReplace Water Pump
Damaged Radiator SeamReplace/Repair Radiator
Leaky Thermostat CoverReplace Thermostat Cover
Cylinder Head ProblemCheck Head/Head Gasket
Leaky Freeze PlugsReplace Freeze Plugs
Recovery System Inoperative
Loose and/or Defective Radiator CapReplace Radiator Cap
Overflow Tube Clogged and/or LeakingRepair Tube
Recovery Bottle Vent RestrictedClean Vent
No Heater Core Flow
Collapsed Heater HoseReplace Heater Hose
Pl u gge d He a t e r C o r eClean/Replace Heater Core
Faulty Heater ValveReplace Heater Valve
NOTE:This is GENERAL inform ation. This article is not intended to be specific to any unique situation or
individual vehicle configuration. T he purpose of this T rouble Shooting inform ation is to provide a list
of com m on causes to problem sym ptom s. For m odel-specific T rouble Shooting, refer to SUBJECT ,
DIAGNOST IC, or T EST ING articles available in the section(s) you are accessing.
CONDITION & POSSIBLE CAUSECORRECTION
Engine Lopes At Idle
In t ake man ifo l d -t o -h ead l eaksReplace manifold gasket, See
ENGINES
Blown head gasketReplace head gasket, See
ENGINES
Worn timing gears, chain or sprocketReplace gears, chain or
sprocket
Worn camshaft lobesReplace camshaft, See
ENGINES
Overheated engineCheck cooling system, See
COOLING
Blocked crankcase vent valveRemove restriction
Le a kin g E GR va l veRepair leak and/or replace
va l ve
Faulty fuel pumpReplace fuel pump
Engine Has Low Power
Leaking fuel pumpRepair leak and/or replace
fu el p u mp
Excessive piston-to-bore clearanceInstall larger pistons, See
ENGINES
Sticking valves or weak valve springsCheck valve train components,
See ENGINES
Incorrect valve timingReset valve timing, See
ENGINES
Worn camshaft lobesReplace camshaft, See
ENGINES
Blown head gasketReplace head gasket. See
ENGINES.
Clutch slippingAdjust pedal and/or replace
components, See ENGINES
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VACUUM PUMP DIAGNOSIS
FUEL INJECTION TROUBLE SHOOTING
BASIC FUEL INJECTION TROUBLE SHOOTING CHART
EGR valve malfunctionReplace EGR valve
Blocked or damaged exhaust systemRemove restriction and/or
replace components
Blocked fuel tank filterReplace filter
Restricted fuel filterRemove restriction and/or
replace filter
Block vent in gas capRemove restriction and/or
replace cap
Tank-to-injection pump fuel supply blockedCheck fuel lines and
connections
Blocked fuel return systemRemove restriction
Incorrect or contaminated fuelReplace fuel
Blocked injector nozzlesCheck nozzle for blockage, see
FUEL SYSTEMS
Low compressionCheck valves, rings, pistons,
see ENGINES
Loud Engine Noise With Black Smoke
Basic timing incorrectReset timing, see FUEL
SYSTEMS
EGR valve malfunctionReplace EGR valve
Internal injection pump malfunctionReplace injection pump, see
FUEL SYSTEMS
Incorrect injector pump housing pressureCheck pressure, see FUEL
SYSTEMS
Engine Overheating
Cooling system leaksCheck cooling system and
repair leaks
Belt slipping or damagedCheck tension and/or replace
belt
Thermostat stuck closedRemove and replace
thermostat, see ENGINE
COOLING
Head gasket leakingReplace head gasket
Oil Light on at Idle
Low oil pump pressureCheck oil pump operation, see
ENGINES
Oil cooler or line restrictedRemove restriction and/or
replace cooler
Engine Won't Shut Off
Injector pump fuel solenoid does not return fuel valve to OFF positionRemove and check solenoid
and replace if needed
CONDITION & POSSIBLE CAUSECORRECTION
Excessive Noise
Loose pump-to-drive assembly screwsTighten screws
Loose tube on pump assemblyTighten tube
Valves not functioning properlyReplace valves
Oil Leakage
Loose end plugTighten end plug
Bad seal crimpRemove and re-crimp seal
NOTE:This is GENERAL inform ation. This article is not intended to be specific to any unique situation or
individual vehicle configuration. T he purpose of this T rouble Shooting inform ation is to provide a list
of com m on causes to problem sym ptom s. For m odel-specific T rouble Shooting, refer to SUBJECT ,
DIAGNOST IC, or T EST ING articles available in the section(s) you are accessing.
CONDITION & POSSIBLE CAUSECORRECTION
Engine Won't Start (Cranks Normally)
Cold start valve inoperativeTest valve and circuit
Poor connection;vacuum or wiringCheck vacuum and electrical
connections
Contaminated fuelTest fuel for water or alcohol
Defective fuel pump relay or circuitTest relay and wiring
Battery too lowCharge and test battery
Low fuel pressureTest pressure regulator and
fuel pump, check for restricted
lines and filters
No distributor reference pulsesRepair ignition system as
necessary
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IGNITION SYSTEM TROUBLE SHOOTING
Open coolant temperature sensor circuitTest sensor and wiring
Shorted W.O.T. switch in T.P.S.Disconnect W.O.T. switch,
engine should start
Defective ECMReplace ECM
Fuel tank residual pressure valve leaksTest for fuel pressure drop
after shut down
Hard Starting
Disconnected hot air tube to air cleanerReconnect tube and test
control valve
Defective Idle Air Control (IAC) valveTest valve operation and
circuit
Shorted, open or misadjusted T.P.S.Test and adjust or replace
T.P.S.
EGR valve openTest EGR valve and control
circuit
Poor Oxygen sensor signalTest for shorted or circuit
Incorrect mixture from PCV systemTest PCV for flow, check
sealing of oil filter cap
Poor High Speed Operation
Low fuel pump volumeFaulty pump or restricted fuel
lines or filters
Poor MAP sensor signalTest MAP sensor, vacuum
hose and wiring
Poor Oxygen sensor signalTest for shorted or open
sensor or circuit
Open coolant temperature sensor circuitTest sensor and wiring
Faulty ignition operationCheck wires for cracks or poor
con- nections, test secondary
voltage with oscilloscope
Contaminated fuelTest fuel for water or alcohol
Intermittent ECM groundTest ECM ground connection
for resistance
Restricted air cleanerReplace air cleaner
Restricted exhaust systemTest for exhaust manifold back
pressure
Poor MAF sensor signalCheck leakage between sensor
and manifold
Poor VSS signalIf tester for ALCL hook-up is
available check that VSS
reading matches speedometer
Ping or Knock on Acceleration
Poor Knock sensor signalTest for shorted or open
sensor or circuit
Poor Baro sensor signalTest for shorted or open
sensor or circuit
Improper ignition timingSee VEHICLE EMISSION
CONTROL LABEL (where
applicable)
Check for engine overheating problemsLow coolant, loose belts or
electric cooling fan inoperative
NOTE:For additional electronic fuel injection trouble shooting inform ation, see the appropriate article in the
ENGINE PERFORMANCE section (not all vehicles have Com puter Engine Control articles). Inform ation
is provided there for diagnosing fuel system problem s on vehicles with electronic fuel injection.
NOTE:This is GENERAL inform ation. This article is not intended to be specific to any unique situation or
individual vehicle configuration. T he purpose of this T rouble Shooting inform ation is to provide a list
of com m on causes to problem sym ptom s. For m odel-specific T rouble Shooting, refer to SUBJECT ,
DIAGNOST IC, or T EST ING articles available in the section(s) you are accessing.
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BASIC ELECTRONIC IGNITION TROUBLE SHOOTING CHARTS
BASIC ELECTRONIC IGNITION TROUBLE SHOOTING CHARTS - USING OSCILLOSCOPE PATTERNS
plug, see ENGINE
PERFORMANCE
Chipped Insulators
Severe detonationCheck for over-advanced
timing or combustion
Improper gapping procedureRe-gap spark plugs
Rust Colored Deposits
Additives in unleaded fuelTry different fuel brand
Water In Combustion Chamber
Blown head gasket or cracked headRepair or replace head or head
ga ske t
NOTE:Before diagnosing an electronic ignition system , ensure that all wiring is connected properly between
distributor, wiring connector and spark plugs. Ignition problem will show up either as: Engine Will Not
Start or Engine Runs Rough.
CONDITION & POSSIBLE CAUSECORRECTION
Engine Won't Start
Open circuit between distributor and bulkhead connectorRepair circuit
Open circuit between bulkhead connector and ignition switchRepair circuit
Open circuit between ignition switch and starter solenoidRepair circuit
Engine Runs Rough
Fuel lines leaking or cloggedTigh t e n fit t in g, r e mo ve
restriction
Initial timing incorrectReset ignition timing see
ENGINE PERFORMANCE
Centrifugal advance malfunctionRepair distributor advance
Defective spark plugs or wiringReplace plugs or plug wiring
Component Failure
Spark arc-over on cap, rotor or coilReplace cap, rotor or or coil
Defective pick-up coilReplace pick-up coil
Defective ignition coilReplace ignition coil
Defective vacuum unitReplace vacuum unit
Defective control moduleReplace control module
CONDITION & POSSIBLE CAUSECORRECTION
Firing Voltage Lines are the Same, but Abnormally High
Retarded ignition timingReset ignition timing, see
ENGINE PERFORMANCE
section
Fuel mixture too leanReadjust carburetor, see
ENGINE PERFORMANCE
High resistance in coil wireReplace coil wire
Corrosion in coil tower terminalClean and/or replace coil
Corrosion in distributor coil terminalClean and/or replace
distributor cap
Firing Voltage Lines are the Same but Abnormally Low
Fuel mixture too richReadjust carburetor, see
ENGINE PERFORMANCE
Breaks in coil wire causing arcingReplace coil wire
Cracked coil tower causing arcingReplace coil
Low coil outputReplace coil
Low engine compressionDetermine cause and repair
One or More, But Not All Firing Voltage Lines are Higher Than Others
Carburetor idle mixture not balancedReadjust carburetor, see
ENGINE PERFORMANCE
EGR valve stuck openClean and/or replace valve
High resistance in spark plug wiresReplace spark plug wires
Cracked or broken spark plug insulatorReplace spark plugs
Intake vacuum leakRepair leak
Defective spark plugsReplace spark plugs
Corroded spark plug terminalsReplace spark plugs
One or More, But Not All Firing Voltage Lines Are Lower Than Others
Curb idle mixture not balancedReadjust carburetor, see
ENGINE PERFORMANCE
Breaks in plug wiresReplace plug wires causing
arcing
Cracked coil tower causing arcingReplace coil
Low compressionDetermine cause and repair
Defective spark plugsReplace spark plugs
Page 22 of 36 MITCHELL 1 ARTICLE - GENERAL INFORMATION Trouble Shooting - Basic Procedures
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BASIC DRIVEABILITY PROBLEMS TROUBLE SHOOTING
Corroded spark plugsReplace spark plugs
Cylinders Not Firing
Cracked distributor cap terminalsReplace distributor cap
Shorted spark plug wireDetermine cause and repair
Mechanical problem in engineDetermine cause and repair
Defective spark plugsReplace spark plugs
Spark plugs fouledReplace spark plugs
CONDITION & POSSIBLE CAUSECORRECTION
Hard Starting
Binding carburetor linkageEliminate binding
Binding choke linkageEliminate binding
Binding choke pistonEliminate binding
Restricted choke vacuumCheck vacuum lines for
blockage
Worn or dirty needle valve and seatClean carburetor, see ENGINE
PERFORMANCE
Float stickingReadjust or replace float see
the ENGINE
PERFORMANCE section
Incorrect choke adjustmentReset choke adjustment see
ENGINE PERFORMANCE
Defective coilReplace coil
Improper spark plug gapRegap spark plugs
Incorrect ignition timingReset ignition timing see
ENGINE PERFORMANCE
Detonation
Over-advanced ignition timingReset ignition timing see
ENGINE PERFORMANCE
Defective spark plugsReplace spark plugs
Fuel lines cloggedClean fuel lines
EGR system malfunctionCheck and repair EGR system
PCV system malfunctionRepair PCV system
Vacuum leaksCheck and repair vacuum
system
Loose fan beltsTighten or replace fan belts,
see ENGINE
PERFORMANCE
Restricted airflowRemove restriction
Vacuum advance malfunctionCheck distributor operation
Dieseling
Binding carburetor linkageEliminate binding
Binding throttle linkageEliminate blinding
Binding choke linkage or fast idle camEliminate binding
Defective idle solenoidReplace idle solenoid see
ENGINE PERFORMANCE
Improper base idle speedReset idle speed, see see
ENGINE PERFORMANCE
Incorrect ignition timingReset ignition timing see
ENGINE PERFORMANCE
Incorrect idle mixture settingReset idle mixture, see
ENGINE PERFORMANCE
Faulty Acceleration
Incorrect ignition timingReset ignition timing see
ENGINE PERFORMANCE
Engine cold and choke too leanAdjust choke and allow engine
to warm-up
Defective spark plugsReplace spark plugs
Defective coilReplace coil
Faulty Low Speed Operation
Clogged idle transfer slotsClean idle transfer slots, see
FUEL
Restricted idle air bleeds and passagesDisassemble and clean
carburetor, see FUEL
Clogged air cleanerReplace air filter
Defective spark plugsReplace spark plugs
Defective ignition wiresReplace ignition wire see
ENGINE PERFORMANCE
Defective distributor capReplace distributor cap
Faulty High Speed Operation
Incorrect ignition timingReset ignition timing see
ENGINE PERFORMANCE
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Defective distributor centrifugal advanceReplace advance mechanism
Defective distributor vacuum advanceReplace advance unit
Incorrect spark plugs or plug gapCheck gap and/or replace
spark plugs
Faulty choke operationCheck choke and repair as
required
Clogged vacuum passagesRemove restrictions
Improper size or clogged main jetCheck jet size and clean, see
FUEL
Restricted air cleanerCheck filter and replace as
necessary
Defective distributor cap, rotor or coilReplace cap, rotor or coil
Misfire at All Speeds
Defective spark plugsReplace spark plugs
Defective spark plug wiresReplace spark plug wires
Defective distributor cap, rotor, or coilReplace cap, rotor, or coil
Cracked or broken vacuum hosesReplace vacuum hoses
Vacuum leaksRepair vacuum leaks
Fuel lines cloggedRemove restriction
Hesitation
Cracked or broken vacuumReplace vacuum hoses hoses
Vacuum leaksRepair Vacuum leaks
Binding carburetor linkageEliminate binding
Binding throttle linkageEliminate binding
Binding choke linkage or fast idle camEliminate binding
Improper float settingReadjust float setting, see
FUEL
Cracked or broken ignition wiresReplace ignition wires
Rough Idle, Missing or Stalling
Incorrect curb idle or fast idle speedReset idle speed, see see
ENGINE PERFORMANCE
Incorrect basic timingReset ignition timing see
ENGINE PERFORMANCE
Improper idle mixture adjustmentReset idle mixture, see
ENGINE PERFORMANCE
Improper feedback system operationCheck feedback system see
ENGINE PERFORMANCE
Incorrect spark plug gapReset spark plug gap, see
ENGINE PERFORMANCE
Moisture in ignition componentsDry components
Loose or broken ignition wiresReplace ignition wires
Damaged distributor cap or or rotorReplace distributor cap or
rotor
Faulty ignition coilReplace ignition coil
Fuel filter clogged or wornReplace fuel filter
Damaged idle mixture screwReplace idle mixture screw,
see FUEL
Improper fast idle cam adjustmentReset fast idle cam adjustment,
see TUNE- see ENGINE
PERFORMANCE
Improper EGR valve operationReplace EGR valve
Faulty PCV valve air flowReplace PCV valve
Choke binding or improper choke settingReset choke or eliminate
binding
Vacuum leakRepair vacuum leak
Improper float bowl fuel levelReset float adjustment, see
FUEL
Clogged air bleed or idle passagesClean carburetor passages, see
FUEL
Clogged or worn air cleaner filterReplace air filter
Faulty choke vacuum diaphragmReplace diaphragm, see
ENGINE PERFORMANCE
Exhaust manifold heat valve inoperativeReplace heat valve
Improper distributor spark advanceCheck distributor operation
Leaking valves or valve componentsCheck and repair valvetrain
Improper carburetor mountingRemo ve an d remo u n t
carburetor
Excessive play in distributor shaftReplace distributor
Loose or corroded wiring connectionsRepair or replace as required
Engine Surges
Improper PCV valve airflowReplace PCV valve
Vacuum leaksRepair vacuum leaks
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FUEL INJECTION TROUBLE SHOOTING
Se ve r a l High F ir in g Lin e s
Fuel Mixture UnbalancedCheck Fuel System
EGR Valve Stuck OpenClean/Replace EGR
Valve
High Plug Wire ResistanceReplace Plug Wire
Cracked/Broken PlugsReplace Plugs
Intake Vacuum LeakRepair Leak
Several Low Firing Lines
Fuel Mixture UnbalancedAdjust Fuel Mixture
Plug Wires ArcingReplace Plug Wires
Cracked Coil ArcingReplace Coil
Uneven CompressionCheck/Repair Engine
Faulty Spark PlugsReplace Plugs
Cylinders Not Firing
Cracked Distributor CapReplace Cap
Shorted Plug WiresReplace Plug Wires
Mechanical Engine FaultCheck/Repair Engine
Spark Plugs FouledReplace Plugs
Carbon Track in Distributor CapReplace Cap
Hard Starting
Defective Ignition Coil(s)Replace Coil(s)
Fouled Spark PlugsReplace Plugs
Incorrect TimingReset Ignition Timing
NOTE:T his article is generic in nature and all inform ation does not apply to all vehicles. For vehicle specific
inform ation, see the appropriate articles in the ENGINE PERFORMANCE category.
Problem & Possible CauseAction
Cold Start Valve InoperativeTest Cold Start Valve
Poor Vacuum/Electrical ConnectionRepair Connections
Contaminated FuelTest Fuel for Water/Alcohol
Bad Fuel Pump Relay/CircuitTest Relay/Wiring
Battery Voltage LowCharge/Test Battery
Low Fuel PressureTest Press. Regulator/Pump
No Distributor Reference PulseRepair Ignition System
Coolant Temp. Sensor DefectiveTest Temp. Sensor/Circuit
No Power To InjectorsCheck Injector Fuse/Relay
Hard Starting
Defective Idle Air Control (IAC)Test IAC and Circuit
EGR Valve OpenTest EGR Valve/Control
Circuit
Restricted Fuel LinesInspect/Replace Fuel Lines
Poor MAP Sensor SignalTest MAP Sensor/Circuit
Engine Stalls During Parking ManeuverCheck P.S. Press. Switch
Rough Idle
Dirty Fuel InjectorsClean/Replace Injectors
Poor MAP Sensor SignalTest MAP Sensor/Circuit
Intermittent Fuel Injector OperationCheck Harness Connectors
Erratic Vehicle Speed Sensor InputsHarness Too Close to Plug
Wires
Poor O2 Sensor SignalTest O2 Sensor/Circuit
Faulty PCV SystemCheck PCV Valve and
Hoses
Poor Acceleration
Weak Fuel PumpReplace Fuel Pump
Dirty Fuel InjectorsClean/Replace Injectors
Excessive Intake Valve DepositsClean Intake System
Poor High Speed Operation
Low Fuel Pump VolumeFaulty Fuel Pump/Filter
Poor MAP Sensor SignalTest Speed Sensor/Circuit
Acceleration Ping/Knock
Faulty EGR SystemCheck EGR Valve and
Hoses
Poor Knock Sensor SignalTest Knock Sensor/Circuit
Poor Baro Sensor SignalTest Baro Sensor/Circuit
Improper Ignition TimingAdjust Timing
Engine OverheatingCheck Cooling System
Poor Quality FuelUse Different Fuel
Carbon Build-UpDecarbon Engine
Page 2 of 3 MITCHELL 1 ARTICLE - GENERAL INFORMATION TROUBLE SHOOTING
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Fig. 7: Typical Thermostatic Air Cleaner System
FUEL EVAPORATIVE SYSTEM (EVAP)
The EVAP system allows for proper fuel system ventilation while preventing fuel vapors from reaching the atmosphere. This means that vapors
must be caught and stored while the engine is off, which is when most fuel evaporation occurs. When the engine is started, these fuel vapors
can be removed from storage and burned. In most systems, storage is provided by an activated charcoal (or carbon) canister. See Fig. 8
. On a
few early systems, charcoal canisters are not used. Instead, fuel vapors are vented into the PCV system and stored inside the crankcase.
The main components of a fuel evaporation system are a sealed fuel tank, a liquid-vapor separator and vent lines to a vapor-storing canister
filled with activated charcoal. The filler cap is normally not vented to the atmosphere, but is fitted with a valve to allow both pressure and
vacuum relief.
Although a few variations do exist between manufacturers, basic operation is the same for all systems. Check for presence of vapor storage
canister or crankcase storage connections when required. Ensure required hoses, solenoids, etc., are present and connected properly. Check
for proper type fuel tank cap. Check for any non-OEM or auxiliary fuel tanks for compliance and the required number of evaporation
canisters.
Fig. 8: Typical Fuel Evaporative System
CATALYTIC CONVERTERS
Oxidation Catalyst (OC)
This type of converter is the most common. It may use pellets or monolith medium, depending upon application. See Fig. 9 . Platinum and
palladium (or platinum alone) are used as catalyst in this type of converter.
Visually check for presence of catalytic converter(s). Check for external damage such as severe dents, removed or damaged heat shields, etc.
Also check for pellets or pieces of converter in the tailpipe.
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