
Chapter 10 S usp en sion" and steerin g
c
D
A
E
Fig. 10.14 Sleering column componenlS (Sec 18)
A Rllllbcl f/IOIIIIIICt n OutCI CO/U/IIII E Simll H SWill!! J W.n!u :, K Ci,cflfl C fmhC,ltOI ,1Ctuol(iIJ.II C,/11I o Upper f)CMIllf/
F lowt'l /)f:;lIiIlY G W.lslrtH
3 Wilh Ihe iron! wheels sl/aigh13he,ul, unse.ew Ihe nul from Ihe lOP of Ihe column. <1 Mi"k Ihe s!Celinu whecl and column m .eliliion 10 eilch olhe. Ihen 1".11 Ihe SI~"ng wlu • .'ci from thc spllncs. lilk",!! C illC nOI 10 cxtend Ihe ~pcclill convoluled SCC\lon which ;'CIS ilS it Si.rtlly d
dllVCI "'J"'Y II, IIHJ evenl o f 01" lIccldelll 5 nel,!!",\) IS a revClsal (ll "''''(lvill. m;lklllll su'e Ih;11 Ihe Jucvlnu sly mndc marks ... c ilhUned T'\Jhlell Ihe nUllO Ih\! spc,:l1lod torquc
1 9 S leerinu coilimn -remov,,1. overhaul (lnd refitting
1 Remove Ihe Sleer'n\J wheel ilS descllhed III SeCllo n 18-2 Remove Ihe upper and lowe. slee.lI1\J coupllll(l cl;Jmp 1)0115 ;Jnd 131) Ihc coupling sh;Jh down Ihe pinion shah 10 rhSC(lnneCI Ihe cO\lplin\J
sha ri f.om Ihe column (pholo).
3 Remove Ihe direCllon in(hcaIO' aCIUillOI C(lm 4 RemovC Ihe stee.ing column shroud (2 screws
"J . "\/ . ..::..J. \..
19 .2 S leering coupling shall (ar.owed) 19.4A Remove Ihe se,cw ... 19.48 ... and lower the bOllom slecring column shroud
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Chapter 10 Suspension and steering 171
19 4C Removinu the top steering column Shroud 19 G lunitlon SWitch ,1nd wirlllU (A). also COllll'lII upper mOlUllnl!J holt (0) 19.7 Removing the steering column uppcr mounlul(J holt (arrowed)
'5 Secure Ihe SIt:(;(1I1(1 lock 10 Ihe colulIlIl ,lIal ~heil' the h eads I,om ,he m:w holt~ 11) U~e the stecrin\J lock to locate the shaft in Ihe column. then III Ihe )ct,on mdlGltor OICIlJalinn GUll alld Stecrmn wheel. CtlCC~ that Ihe ruadwheels afC st,lIln the 5trai\jht·ahead P05,110l1. 17 Install the Stce!Ul(J column orommet Oil the lowm en(t. 18 LOCille the column assembly ami sr:c",e It wrth the Iwo mOllrlllng bolts. 19 The ((,milliuler of the rellllUI\J proccrl",e ,~ th" reverSI! of lhe removill procedure,
20 F ront wheel alignment and steering ilngles
Accurate front whcel alignment IS essential lor good stoer"'g and lyre WOiJr. Scion) cons,dering the steering angle. check Ihat Ihe tyres
are correctly inflated. tllnt the front wheel s arc nOI IJlJckled. the hub hea"nns arc not worn o r mcorrectly adjusted und thilt the sleflr"'g IlIlkaUfl is in IJood order. wllhout slackness or we,ll at thu Jo,nls
2 WIH;f; 1 "I'!JIununt co"s'st~ 01 loUl I"ctors, C;"lliJcr_ IS the ""Ule "t wilich the front whet:ls ,lie sci from Ihe
verllcal when v'ewud 100'" the IrOnt 01 the c"r 1'0sIt,ve camber 's Ihe .. mount (111 de\J'ee~) th"t til() whucls ,ue toited outwards at the lOp 100'"
thu vert,c;,1
Castor. ,~tho i"'~Jlu between the SIl,erlIlU ,,~,s OIrld.1 v..,'I,e.11 lone len viewud IrOIll p,lch ~,dfl 01 the C,lI 1'0~;llIve castor 's when the ~tcermu ",x,s 'S ",cloned rUiHw,,,ds ill the top jStcerinu ilxis inclin,,{ion 's lhe illl\Jle. when VIewed frOI11 the .It 01 the Cilr. bel ween the verltcal and "n 1Il'''U>I1.1ry hne drawn betwCl)n the upper ilnd lower suspensIon strut p,vots, Toe-i n IS the ilmoUl,t by wh,ch tlte dl5li"'Ce helween the frOrlt
IIlsuJu ed\Je~ 01 the rOildwhecls ('He,lsu1ed m huh heiuht) ,s less thiln lhe d'sWrlCI) ",e
6
Oht"in or m"ke
ne:w components have heen I'lted. set the ro"dwheels ,n the stral\jht·ilheil(f p05otrOn and also cent",lrse the steering wheel. AdJ"st the len\Jths of the track rods hy lllll1ing tltem so th,,! the track rod end IJ,litJoinl studs w,11 drop eils,ly onlO the eyes of the steer inu ilrlllS Measllfe the dislilllces between the centres of the hilllfOllllS illld the grooves on Ihe inner ends of the track rods and ildjust. ,r neceSSilry. so Ihiltthey me equ,ll Thl~ is all lII,t,,,1 sellinlJ only and prec,se ildillstmellt mu~t he carried oul as descrrhed earheL
21 Wheels and lyres -uonNal care and milintenl1nce
Wheels ilild tyre~ shOuld give no reill problems in usc provided thm ,1 close eye IS kept on Ihe", with re\janlto excessive weilr or dilmilge To llns end. the following pOllltS should he noted Ensure thm lyre pressures ",e checked re\Jularly ami ma,ntallled correctly. Checklllg should be c,Hried out woth the tyres cold alld nOI IIlHlledialely alter the vehicle hilS heen "I usc. II the pressures are checked w'th the tyres hOI. iln ap(l,Hently hi\jh readmlJ w,1l be ohw'lled OWlnH to heilt expJnsron. Under n<) Cllcumst
eSpecii\lIy 111 the s,dewalls Remove any na,ls or stones ell\bedded 111 the tread hefore they penetr"te lhe tyre 10 cnuse dcfliltlon If remov,,1 {)i
dilll1i1ged by ·kerbing· wh,lst par king. and simililrly stee l wheels may hecome denIed or buckled, Renewnl of the wheel rs very ohenthe only course of rellled'ill ilct,on poss,ble, The balance 01 each wheel Jnd tyre ilssembly should be mainta,ned to ilvoid excess,ve weilr, not only 10 the tyres but illso to the s teering and suspension components. Wheel imbillilnce 's normilily S'\ln, f,ed by v,i)rilllOn through the veillcle·s bodyshell. illthouUh III many c~ses it IS piullcularly nOliceahle Ihrouoh the steenng whuel. Conversely. it ~hould bc noted thilt weilr o r dilnlaUc 111 suspellS IOll or steer ing components may '.:ause e~ceSSlve tyre wear. Out·of·round or out-of· t!Ue lyres, damaged wheels and wheel !leafing weilf/ nlilladJustntent also lilll into th
,.
:.
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Chap te r 1 0 S uspension and steering
Wheel b,ll,lncing may bo carried out wllh the wheel Mher on or off the v eh icle. II b
5ylllptOlll
III(; le pulls t o on!! ~Idll
Slecnl1!l ~trll or h eav y
Excessivc pt;Jy in s!Cerinu
W twd wohhtH ,11111 v,h,nIIOI1
Ty,,~ W(~;II 1lI11,VCn
leg,l ! restri ctions "pply \0 the mixing 0 1 tyre types on a vehicle . Bilsic;lfly this means Ihil a vehicle must nOt have Iy,es of dilleling conStruction on the same axle. Althoug h ;1 is nOI recommended t o mIx tyre type s belween Iront
InCOlfect whcel o1lrUlIlllent WC,II In SIISI)()IlS'On 01 SI(""""! I CO""llOnents Ar.r.uic"t .1""'''!lC 1 0 SUSllf,nSlon o r ~I.w" nu compUll"nts IIlr.Olllll:t lyre p.eSSUlt's
Lack 01 SieIJIIIl!J \J
W orn sleellng Or sus penSIOn 10UliS W en. III couplrnU shllft unlve,sal Joms Worn r,lc k ilnd 1)""On Incorfectly adJuSlcd rack Slrll llC'
RO:Hlwhe els oul 0 1 hnlance flU.ltlwhcels huck led or IhslO,Wd l:iHlhy ur dnmnHed IVII]
Wu,u s tL'f:II"!J Of SUSI""l~IOn JI1I1lI~ WlJnk Shoc k ;.hso'b"r~
'"collee.1 whee l ;' ''UIIIHlllll We: " III suspenSIon Ot st"""lIg C{)I11POIlCntS Ro,'llwhL'Cls out 0 1 halance WIJ;lk shoc k 'lhso.he'5
I
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灲潣慲浡湵慬献捯m

)76 Chapter 11 Bodywork and fitting
General description
The body is of all-s teel welded construction with impact ilbsorbing hont Dnd rear sections . Anli-burSllocks nrc lilted 10 the doors, ilnd the
t ailgDte is supponcd by \J
AI the in1erVills speCIfIed in the Routine M"IIl\cnilnCe section in the front 0 1 the nl
Check underbody protective coatiog 5 W,th the CM supponed on i1xle stilnds. check the cond,tlon 01 the un(lelbody protcctivc coating. i1nd wherc neceSSilry clean
M,,;ntcll
Wily to remove any aCCUIllUI,lted mud whIch WIll retillll mOlslu re
Mats and C
very line culling pils te. Finally, opply wax polish. WhNe the scrotch has penctrDt(ld right through to the metill of the bodywork. causing the mowl \0 rust. iI d ifferent repa ir lechnique is
required. Remove any loosc rus t fronl the bottom 01 the scra tch with a penknile. then apply rUSI inhibiting paint 10 prevent the lormation 01 rust in Ihe future. Using n rubber or nylon appliCiltor fill the scratch with bodystopper paste. II requ ired. this paste Ciln be mixed with cellulose thinners to provide a very thin paste which is ideal for filling narrow scratches. Before t he stopper·paSI(l in the scratch hardens. wrilp il piece 01 smooth COllon rJg i1round the lOp 01 J linger. Dip the finger in cellulose thinners and then quickly sweep it i1CIOSS the surlace of the 5topper-pJste in the scratCh: this will ensure tha t the surfilce 01 the stopper,pilste is slightly hollowed. The scratch can now be p
first wsk is to pull the dent out, untrl t he affected bodywork almost
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" .... Index
------ --------------------------------------
Engine -23 cl $cq Engine (2 .8 litro) lmcillllries -29. 36 camshaft -35, 41 components e~aminlltion for wear -34 connecting rods -37. 42 crankcase ventilation system -39 crankshllft -37, 40 crankshaft pulley -44 cylinder bores -36 cylinder heads -35. 45 description -26 dismantling -29 fault dingnOSlS -20. 56 flywheel -38. 42 front interm!.lt hate plme -41 gudgeon pins -37 lubriClllion system·-39 main Il!ld big·end bellrings -37 rll(lintenance, routine -26 OIl pump -38. 42 operations possible with eng :ne in car -22 op(!r;lIions rC'quiring engine remov,,' -22 iSlOn rings -36 pistons -36. 42 rC(lssembly -40 refining -46 removal -22 removal methods -22
rocker asscmbly -34. 45 spec ifications -23 start· up after overhau l-4 6 sump -34, 44 lappets ;:and pushrods -35 timing covcr -43 timing gears - 38. 43
l orque wrench senings -24 valvcs -46 Engino (3.0 litro) ilO)cill:lr ies • 49. 55 camshalt •. 50. 51. 54 componcnlS e~.-.minlllion lor WC:lr -34. 51 connecting rods -37. 42. 51. 52. 54 cr.-.nkshMt ventoilltion system --53 Crank~hllh -52. 54 Crtlnkshllh pulley -50
c .t1nkshaft rear oil seal -51. 55 cylillde. bores -36. 51 ylinde. hoad s -49. 55 decarbonising -52 descrif)1ion _ 47 dism.-.ntling -29. 49 faull dingnosis -20. 56 lIywhecl/d.ivepl(lte -50. 52 . 55 Iront covc. -50 hOn! plate -54 gudgeon pins -37. 52 IUbricntion system -53 main and big·end bcarings -37, 52 mainten(lnce. routine -48 oil pump -50. 52. 54 operations possible with engine in ca. -48 operations requiring engine .emov,)1 _ 48
piston rings -36. 51 pistons -36. 42. 51, 54 push.ods -35. 51 reassembly -40. 54
refining -56
removal _ 48
removn! methods -48
rocker arms - 49. 51. 55
specifications -25
sump -
50. 55 pppels -35. 50. 51 !lming gears -38. 50. 52. 54 torquo wrcnch sellings -25
.
villvcs -46. 49. 52. 55 Exhaus t syste m remova l and refining -76 EMpnfls ion tank ( coolin g sys tem) removal and refilling -64
F
Facia pilnel t(!mov,)1 and rcfining -188 Fan hub bearing (3.0 lit r e models) .encwal -64
Fan. viscous d rive remov,,1 and refinmg -63 Fnllli (Jingnosis -19 et seq Fault di,)gnosis
lIulOtl1allC lrnnsmrssion -127 tJ,nkmg system -156 Clutch -101 coolmg system -65 clectf1clll system -19. 233 cnlline -20. 56 fuel system cilrbure uor - 85 lucl inlCCho n -85 IHn,hon system -96 mllnu .. 1 !Je.l,hox 122 p.npeller shaft -131 1f!.1f
oved'lIul -
145 remov
rcmoval ilnd rcfilling -2 I 5 Front suspen sio n COIl sprinU removal and refIning -162 duscnp tlon -158 fault dIagnosis -172 h\,bs-161.162 milintenance. routine -161 stabiliscr bar removal and rcfming -163 Strut removal and refilling -162 lorque wrench sellings - 158 track control arm removal and .elilling -164 Fuel (/lid exhaust systems -66 el $eq Fuel filler cap .cmoval and refining -188 Fuo l injection syste m ')CCclcflltor cable -74. 83
air Cleilller -80 deSCri ption - 77 exhaust manifold - 85 fault diagnosis -85 fuel lank. s&nder unit and filler pipe -83 idle mixture ,)djustment -82
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2"4 Index
",-----------------------------------------------------------------1 -
ligh\s operation check -16 w~she( fluid levels check/lop up - 16, 217, 219
engine
crankcase emission valve renewal -16, 27
fluid leaks check -16 oil i1nd filter change -16, 26 oil filler cap clClIning -16. 26 oil level check/lop up -16 1I;llvo clearances check/adjust -16. 46
exhaust system condition check -16
fuel sySlCm
removlll and relltting lldjustllble exter ior -192 interior -192
Oil pump
p
28 Iotre engine dismantling. examination and re~sselllhly -38 ref in in 9 -42 3 0 li tre englllc dismantling. eX~lllinmion ilnd reass embly .-52 [elit\lng -54 removill 50
Pedal ,1cceler,ltOr 75 bra k e · 152 clutch -101 Pisto n an d connec ting rods ref,nin\j -42. 51 Pistons and pisto n rin\js exanllna\lon ,1nd rcoova\lon 36,51 Pi sto ns. connecting rod s il11d bearin\js (3.0 litre cngine) [lmlov,11 51 Propeller shaft 128 d s, .'r/ Prop elle r shaft cenlre bcarln!J r()"l]w~1 12!J
descrip1l011 28 I"ul l (i iaunosis - 131 removat and rel,UlI1U -128 10rque wrench seHlIlgs -128 univers~1 10lllts inspection 130 Pushrods 35< 51
R
Rndi,lto r rel11ov~I, Inspcctoon, cie
Rear lamp and b ulb removal and refttling - 216 Rear number plilte lamp and bulb removal ilnd relilling -216 R ear su spension description - 158
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fault diagnosis -172 leaf spling .emoval. bush renewal and refitting -165 maintllnance. louline -161 shock absorber remoyal and refitting -165 stabiliser bar removal and refitting -165 lorque wrenCh settings -158 R"ays -225 Rep.ir procedures, general - 9
Rocker e rms (3.0 litre engine) examinat ion and renovation -51 removal - 49 Rocker arms and coverl (3.0 litre engine) ref itting -55 Rocker assembly (2.8 litre engine) dismantling. examina tion and reassembly -34 Routine maintenance stt Maintenance. routine
5
Safety precautions - 12 Seat belts -191 Seats .emoval and refining -192 Sidelight bulb renewal -213 Spare parta buying -8
to carry in ca. - 19 Spark p lugs conditions (colour) -91 lemoval. servicing and .elilling -95 Speedometer cable renewal - 226 Stabiliur bar Iront -163 rear -165 Starter moto r
description -207
d ismant ling and reassembly -207
removal and refi tting -207 testing on engine -207 Steering column removal. overhaul and refitt ino -170 desc.iption -158 faull diagnosis -172 f,on t wheel alignmenl ~nd steering angles -171 gear (manual)
ove,haul and adjustment -166 removal and refittin g -166 maintenance. rouline -161 power steering bleeding -168 gear removal and refitting -168
pump femoval and refining - 168
specifications _ 157 torque wlench senings -158 track rod end balljoint renewal-167
whea' removal and refitt ing -168 Sump 2.8 litra engine
refining -44
removal and refining with engine in car -34 3.0 litre engine refitting -55 removal -50 Sunroof bracket and dr ive assembly lemoval and refitting -191 panel adjustments -189 removal and refining _ 190 Suspension lfnd steering _ 15 7 tl seq Suspension see Front suspension Imd Re ar suspension jtches removal and relining
Index
T
central facia - 225
door p illar - 224 handbrake warning light _ 225 hazard warning -223
ignition -224
instr um
ent cluster illum ination _ 224 light and windscreen wiper (Series II) -225 load sp':)ce lamp -225 steerin g column multi-Iunction -224
s top lamp - 152
Tailgate priv ate lock removal and relining -187 .emoval and refilling -187 striker plate removal and relin ing - 188 wnsher
nozzle removal and refitting -217
pump rllmov31 and refitting -217 window glass removal and relitting -180 wiper mOlOr and linkage remoyal and refitting -217 Tappets (3.0 litre engine) remoyal -50 Tappets and push rods el
care and maintenance -171 presswes -158 size -15 8
Underframe
maintenance -16. 176 Upholstery maintenance -176
v
Vacuum servo unit (braking system) description -156 lemov~! and refining -156 Valves clearances checking and adjustment -46 . 55 Valves (3.0 titre engine) removat -49 Valves and va lv e seats (3.0 litre engine) examination and renovation -52 Vehicle identification numbers - 8
255
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")256
W
Water pump reliuinu -44. 61 removal -61 Weights. vehicle - 6 Wheels care Jod rll
Index
W indscree n washe r nozzle removal and refitting -219 pump removal and refitting -219 Windsc ree n wipers arms and blades removal and relitting -220 fault tracing -219 motor and lin kage removal and refi1ting -218 mOlor dismantling and roassembly -219 switch (Series II) -225 Wiring diagrams -235 to 249 Working facilit ies -11
."
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