2013 SSANGYONG TURISMO steering

09-14
(2) Over steering
What is oversteering? ▶
ESP controls during oversteer ▶ Oversteer is a term of a condition in which the steering wheel is steered to a certain angle during
driving and the rear tires slip outward losing traction.
Compared to understeering vehicles, it is hard to control the vehicle during cornering and the vehicle
can spin due to rear wheel moment when the rear tires lose traction and the vehicle speed increases.
The ESP system recognizes the directional angle with the steering wheel angle sensor and senses the
slipping route that occurs towards the vehicle cornering direction during oversteer with the yaw rate
sensor and lateral sensor. Then the ESP system applies the braking force to the front outer wheel to
compensate the yaw moment value. In this way, the vehicle does not lose its driving direction and the
driver can steer the vehicle as intended.

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(3) ESP Control
The ESP (Electronic Stability Program) has been developed to help a driver avoid danger of losing
control of the vehicle stability due to understeer or oversteer during cornering. The yaw rate sensor,
lateral sensor and longitudinal sensor in the sensor cluster and the steering wheel angle sensor under
the steering column detect the vehicle conditions when the inner or outer wheels are spinning during
oversteer, understeer or cornering. The ESP ECU controls against oversteer or understeer during
cornering by controlling the vehicle stability using input values from these sensors and applying the
braking force to the corresponding wheels independently. The system also controls the engine power
right before the wheel spin synchronized to decelerate the vehicle automatically in order to maintain the
vehicle stable during cornering.

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4) ARP (Active Roll-Over Protection)
The ARP (Active Roll-over Protection) system is a safety assistant device that minimizes, by controlling
brakes and the engine, the physical tendency of the vehicle rollover during sharp lane changes or U-
turns. For the system, software is added to the existing ESP system and no additional device or switch
is needed. One must note that the ARP system, just as general assistant devices including the ABS, is
only a safety assistant device using the ESP system and its function is useless when the situation
overcomes the physical power. Following picture shows how the ARP compensates the vehicle
position by varying each wheel's braking power to overcome the physical tendency of the vehicle
rollover during sharp turns.
The vehicle driving condition is controlled by the internally programmed logic according to the input
signals from wheel speed sensor, steering angle sensor and lateral sensor.

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1. SYSTEM OVERVIEW
When braking suddenly or braking on slippery roads, the vehicle keeps moving forward but the wheels
are locking and not rotating. If these happen, the vehicle may lose stability or rotate resulting in an
accident. ABS helps to maintain directional stability and control of the vehicle. ABS is designed to
secure more safety and increase the control of steering wheel during emergency braking situation.
But, ABS does not guarantee perfect safety beyond its physical limit. ABS in this vehicle contains EBD
function. In normal driving conditions, the brake system operates without ABS function.
1) Basic Theory of ABS Function
To give you a better understanding of the tasks and functions of ABS, we will first look at the physics
principles.
▶Stopping distance
The stopping distance depends on the vehicle weight and initial speed when braking starts. This also
applies for vehicle with ABS, where ABS always tries to set an optimum brake force on each wheel. As
great forces are exerted between the tires and the carriageway when braking, even with ABS the
wheels may scream and rubber is left on the road. With an ABS skid mark one may be able to clearly
recognize the tire profile. The skid mark of an ABS vehicle does not however leave any hint of the
speed of the vehicle in the case of an accident, as it can only be clearly drawn at the start of braking.
▶Brake force on a wheel
The maximum possible brake force on a wheel depends on the wheel load and the adhesion
coefficient between tire and carriageway. With a low adhesion coefficient the brake force, which can be
obtained is very low. You are bound to know the result already from driving on winter roads. With a
high adhesion coefficient on a dry road, the brake force, which can be obtained, is considerably higher.
The brake force, which can be obtained, can be calculated from below formula:

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1. SPECIFICATIONS
Description Specification
Steering wheelType 4-spoke type
Outer diameter (mm) 390
Steering gear boxType Rack and pinion type
Steering angleInner36.4°
Outer31.5°
Steering oil pumpType Vane type
Maximum pressure (kgf/cm2) 93.3 ~ 100.4
Pulley size (mm)Ø115
Operating temperature-40℃ ~ 150℃
Steering oilType S-PSF3
Capacity (L) approx. 1.1
Lower shaftType Universal joint
Angle(°) 38°
ConfigurationUniversal joint(top/bottom)
rubber coupling
Minimum turning radius (m) 6.09
Steering column shaft Tilting angle±2°
Steering wheel heating
indicatorPower consumption Below 95 W
Rated voltage13.5 ± 0.1 V
Usable voltage 9~16 V
Low voltage7.5 ± 0.5 V
High voltage18.0 ± 0.5 V
Rated voltage Max. 12.4 A
MemoryLast switch ON/OFF mode
memorized

11-4
Steering column shaft assembly
Steering column shat assembly mounting bracket changed due to change of multifunction switch
Steering wheel body and heating system
Heating controller added due to newly adopted steering wheel heating system
2. CHANGES IN STEERING SYSTEM
Steering wheel heating switch
Heated wire used in steering wheel switch
(option)
Heating controller
Mounting bracket

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3. TIGHTENING TORQUE
Description Kgf?m N?m
Steering column shaftSteering column mounting bolt 2.0 ~ 2.5 19.6 ~ 24.5
Steering wheel and steering column shaft
lock nut4.0 ~ 6.0 39.2 ~ 58.8
Steering wheel and air bag module
mounting bolt0.7 ~ 1.1 6.8 ~ 10.8
Steering column and lower shaft
connection bolt.1.8 ~ 2.5 17.6 ~ 24.5
Power steering gear
boxSteering gear box and gear box cross
member mounting bolt7.0 ~ 9.0 68.6 ~ 88.2
Steering gear box and lower shaft
connection bolt2.5 ~ 3.0 24.5 ~ 29.4
Tie rod end and knuckle connection nut 3.5 ~ 4.5 34.3 ~ 44.1
Tie rod end lock nut 6.5 ~ 8.0 63.7 ~ 78.4
Steering gear box and pressure hose
connection nut3.2 ~ 3.8 31.4 ~ 37.2
Steering gear box and return line
connection nut3.2 ~ 3.8 31.4 ~ 37.2
Power steering pumpEye bolt for oil supply pipe to power
steering pump5.5 ~ 6.5 53.9 ~ 63.7
Power steering pump mounting bolt 2.0 ~ 2.5 19.6 ~ 24.5
Power steering line Return line and clip connection bolt 1.2 ~ 1.8 11.7 ~ 17.6

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4. TROUBLESHOOTING
Problem Possible Cause Action
Movements of steering
feels heavyIrregular wear or binding of steering ball joint
due to lack of lubrication or foreign material
insertionLubricate or replace
Damaged or defective steering gear Replace the steering gear
assembly
Incorrect steering pinion preload Adjust
Defective steering shaft join Replace
leakage of steering fluid Repair or replace
Insufficient steering fluid or air insertionFill up fluid or bleed air
Defective steering oil pump Replace
Damaged or loosened pump drive belt
Adjust or replace
Clogging of fluid line Repair or replace
Damaged wheel or tire Repair or replace
Defective suspension Repair or replace
Steering wheel pulls to
one sideDamaged steering linkage Replace
Damaged wheel or tire Repair or replace
Defective brake system Repair or replace
Defective suspension Repair or replace
Excessive free play of
steering wheelWorn steering gear Replace the steering gear
assembly
Worn or damaged steering ball joint Replace
Looseness of steering gear box Retighten
Poor returning of steering
wheelBroken or binding of steering ball joint Replace
Improper correct steering pinion preload Replace the steering gear
assembly
Damaged wheel or tire Repair or replace
Defective suspension Repair or replace