30 Driver in formation d isplay
...L Engine cooling system malfunction
A malfunction in the engine cooling system
must be repaired as soon as possible .
If the . symbol flashes in the display, either
t he eng ine cool ant
temperature is too h igh or
the eng ine coolant
level is too low . A dr iver
message appears as well to explain the mal
function in more detail. The d rive r warning
goes out afte r about 5 seconds, but it ca n be
b rought up a t any time by p ress ing the
!SE TI
button again.
Turn off engine and ch eck coolant l evel
• Pull off the road .
• Stop the vehicle .
• Turn off the engine.
• Check coo lant level¢
page 240.
• Add coolant if ne cessa ry ¢ page 241 .
• Co ntin ue d riving only after the eng ine cool
ant warn ing/ indicato r light goes o ut.
• Contact your a uthorized Audi dea ler for as-
sistance if necessary.
If the engine coolant level is co rrec t, then the
radia tor fan may be the cause o f the malf unc
tion .
A WARNING
-If your veh icle should break down for
mechanical or other reasons, park at a
safe distance from moving traffic, turn off the engi ne and turn on the hazard
wa rning lights ¢
page 52, Emergency
flash ers.
-
- Never open the hood if you see or hea r
steam o r coolant esca ping from the en
gine compa rtme nt - you risk being s cald
ed. Wait until you can no longe r see or
hear steam or coo lant es caping.
- T he e ngine compartmen t of a ny veh icle
is a dan gerous area. Before you perform
any wor k in the engine compartment,
t ur n of the engine and allow it to coo l.
Follow the wa rning stickers ¢
page 226,
Engine compartment.
(D Note
Do not continue driv ing if the . symbo l
ill um inates . There is a mal function in the
engine cooling system -you could damage
your engine.
"l:::r. Engine oil pressure malfunction
T he red engine oil pressure warning symbol
requires immediate service or repair. Driving with a low
oil pressure indication is likely to
cause severe engine damage .
If the . symbo l on the disp lay flashes, the
engine oil pressure is too low. A driver mes
sage appears as we ll to exp la in the malfunc
t io n in more detail. The dr iver warning goes
o ut afte r abo ut 5 seconds , but it can be
brought up at any t ime by p ressing the
~ 1s =ET= I
button ag ain.
Turn off engin e! O il pressure too low
• Stop the vehicle.
• Turn the engine off.
• Chec k the engine o il level ¢
page 238 .
• Contact yo ur au thorized Aud i deale r for as-
sistance if necessa ry.
Eng ine oil level too low
If the engine oil level is too low, add engine
o il
¢page 238.
Engine oil leve l correct
If the symbol . flashes even tho ugh the en
gine oil leve l is correct, please contact your
nearest authori zed Aud i Dea ler for assistance.
Do not continue dr iving . Do not leave the en
gine running
idle, either .
(D Tips
- The engine oil pressure symbol. is
not an indicator for a low eng ine oil lev
e l. Do not rely on it. Instead, check the
oil level in your engine at regular inter
vals, preferably each time you refuel, and always before going on a long trip .
thoroughly checked by an authorized Audi
dealer or qualified workshop and the cause
corrected .
If the brake fluid level is too low ,
the brake warning/indicator light will i llum i
nate. Con tact an au thori zed Aud i dealer
im ·
mediately .
Changing brake fluid
Have the brake fluid changed by an experi
enced technician .
Brake fluid absorbs moist ure from the a ir. If
the water con tent in the brake fluid is too
h igh, corrosion in the brake system may resul t
after a per iod of t ime . The bo iling po int of the
brake fluid w ill also decrease considerably and
decrease b raking performance .
There fore, the brake flu id must be changed
e very two years . Always use new brake fluid
which conforms to Fede ral Motor Vehicle
Standard "FMVSS 116 DOT 4 ".
The brake flu id reservoir can be difficult to
reac h, therefore , we recommend that you
h ave the brake flu id changed by your author
iz ed
Audi dealer . Your deale r has the co rrect
too ls, the right b rake fluid and the know-how
to do this fo r you.
_& WARNING ,~
- Brake fluid is po isonous. I t must be s to r
ed only in the closed orig inal container
o ut o f the reac h of c hildren!
- Brake fa ilure can resu lt from old o r inap
propriate b rake fluid. Observe these pre
cautions :
- Use o nly bra ke fluid t hat meets SAE
specification
J 1703 and confo rms to
Federal Motor Vehicle Sta ndard 116 .
Always check wi th you r auth orized Audi
deale r to make s ure you are using the
correct brake f luid . The co rrec t type of
brake fluid is a lso indicated on the
brake fluid reservoir .
- The brake f lui d m ust be new. Heavy use
of the b rakes can ca use a vapor lock if
the brake fl uid is left in the system too
long . This can ser io usly affect the effi-
Checkin g and fillin g 243
ciency of the brakes as well as your
safety. Th is co uld resu lt in an accident.
(D Note
B ra ke fluid will damage the pa int o f you r
vehicle .
@ For the sake of the environment
Because o f the p rob lem of proper disposal
of bra ke fluid as well as the spec ia l t oo ls
r equire d an d the necessary expe rtise, we
recommend that yo u have the brake f luid
changed by yo ur authorized Aud i dea ler.
Battery
General information
Under n o rmal ope ra ti ng cond itions , the b at
te ry in yo ur Audi does not need any ma inte
nance . With
high outside temperat ures or
l ong daily drives we recommend that you have
the e lectrolyte leve l checked by an authorized
Audi dealer or qualified workshop. The elec
troly te level should also be checked each t ime
the battery is charged
c:> page 245 .
Have the battery checked when yo u take you r
vehicle in for service. You are well advised to
replace a battery that is older than 5 years .
With certain types of airbag deployment, the battery is disconnected from the veh icle elec
trical system for safety reasons
c:> .&. in Re
pair, care and disposal of the airbags on
page 171 .
Hybrid drive* : you can find important informa
tion about the high voltage battery under
c:> page 97.
Di sconnecting the battery terminals
Some vehicle functions (power window reg u
lators, for example) are lost if t he battery te r
mina ls are disconnected. These f unctions have
to be relearned after the ba ttery termina ls are
con nected aga in . To prevent th is, the battery
shou ld only be d isconnected from the veh icle
electrica l system when abso lutely necessary
fo r repa irs. ..,_
•
•
258 Tires and wheels
Tire service life
The service life of tires depends on a lot of
different things including proper installation
and balancing, correct tire pressure and driv
ing style.
F ig. 20 5 Tire tread: tre ad wea r ind icators (TWI)
F ig. 206 Rotat ing t ires for more ev en wea r
Tread Wear Indicator (TWI)
The o rigi na l tires on your veh icle have
1/16 inch (1.6 mm) high "wear indicators"
c::> fig . 205 running across the tread. Depend
i ng on the make, there will be six to eight of
them evenly p laced around the t ire. Marks on
the tire sidewa ll (for example "TWI" or other
symbols) indicate the positions of the tread
wear ind icators . Worn t ires must be replaced .
Different fig ures may apply in o ther countries
c::> & .
Tire p ressure
Incorrect tire pressure causes premature wear
a nd can cause sudden t ire blow-out. For th is
reason, tire pressure must be checked at least
once a month
c::> page 254.
Driving style
Driving fast aro und curves, heavy acce leration
and hard braking increase tire wear.
Rotating tires for more even wear
F or all four tires on your ve hicl e to h ave the
same service life, we recommend that the
front and rear t ires are rotated according to
the tire manufacturer's suggested tire rota
tion intervals. Please remember the follow
ing :
- Tire rotation intervals may differ from the
vehicle service inte rva ls o utlined in your
Ma intenance and Warranty Book let .
- The longer one tire is used in one location
on the vehicle, the more it wears at certain
points; therefore, we recommend that you
follow the tire manufact urer's suggested
tire rotation intervals .
- Vehi cles w ith front-wheel dr ive experience
more tread wear on the front wheels com
pa red to all-wheel drive (quattro ®).
- Please rotate tires as shown
c::> fig. 206.
-Extra care must be taken when rotating di-
rection-specific tires
c::> page 278 .
Wheel balancing
The wheels on new ve hicles are balanced .
However, various situations during everyday
driving can cause them to become unbal
anced, re sulting in vibrat ions you can usually
feel through the steer ing wheel.
Un balanced whee ls must be rebalanced to
avoid excessive wear on steering, suspension
and t ires. A whee l m ust also be reba lanced
when a new tire is insta lled.
Incorrect wheel alignment
Incor rect wheel alig nment can cause exces
sive tire wear, impairing the safety of the veh i
cle . If tires show excessive wear, have the
whee l alignment checked by an authori zed
Audi dealer or qualif ied workshop .
All-wheel driv e
Vehicles with q uattro ® mus t always have tires
of the same size, construction and tread type .
For details see
c::> page 202 . ..,.
-----------------------------~I~ n~ d~ e~x 309
Red symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Refill engine oil ...................... 31
Refuelling . .. ............. .... .. .. . 231
Release lever for hood ............... 233
Remote control
H omelink ...................... .. 135
Remote control key
Unlock ing and locking ............... 40
Remote rear lid release ... .. .. .. .. .. 43
Repair manuals ................... .. 295
Repairs Airbag system
Replacing A fuse
... .. .. .... .. .... ... .. .. ...
Light bulbs ... ... ..... ... .. .. .. .. . 170
280
283
Tires and whee ls . ..... ... .. .. .. .. . 260
Report ing Safety Defects . . . . . . . . 146, 1 47
Reset button . ............. .... .. .... 13
Retractor
' . .. .... ...... ... .. .. .. .. .
Right hand d rive
Rims Cast alloy 1
5 2
5 1
222
Roof rack .... .... ...... ... .. .. .. .... 70
Attac hment points ..... ... .. .. .. .. .. 71
Instal ling the attachments ... .. .. .. .. 72
Instal ling the roof rack .............. 71
Roof load .. ............. .... .. .... 72
Rule of behavior offroad .. ... .. .. .. .. . 209
s
Safe d riving hab its .................. 139
Safety belt position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Safety belt he ight adjustment ....... 155
Safety belts worn by pregnant women . 154
Safety belt pretensioner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Service and disposal ............... 156
Safety belts .. ............. .... .. .. . 152
C leaning ... .. .... .... ... .. .. .. ... 226
Danger to passengers who do not wear a
safety belt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Fastening .. ............. .... .. ... 152
H eight adjustment .......... .. .. .. . 155
Improperly worn ... ..... ... .. .. .. . 155
Not wo rn ........................ 150
Safety belt position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
S afety instructions ........ .. .. .. .. . 152 Securing child safety seats . . .
. . . . . . . 188
Specia l considerations for pregnant
women ... .. .. .. .. . .. ... .... ... .. 154
Unfastening . .. .. ................. 154
Warning/ind icator light . . . . . . . . . 16, 149
Why YOU MUST wear them .......... 149
Wor n properly ... .. . .. .. ..... ... .. 151
Safety compliance sticker ..... ... .. .. 290
Safety eq uipment ...... ............. 139
Safety features for occupant restraint and
protection ......................... 139
Safety gu idelines
Seat adjustment .. .................. 61
Safe ty i nstr uct ions
E ngine compartment . ... .... ... .. .. 233
f or side c urtain airbags . ..... ... .. .. 177
for using child safety seats ... ... .. .. 181
for using safety belts ............... 152
Monitoring the Advanced Airbag Sys-
tem ............................. 170
Safety sys tems
Warning/indicator lights ..... ... .. .. . 15
Seat Heating . .... .. .... ... .......... .. . 81
N umber of sea ts . ............. .... 1 49
Ventila tion .. .... .. . .. .. ..... ... .. . 81
Seat adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Drive r's seat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Fron t passenger's seat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
F ron t seats .. .. .. .... ............. . 61
Head restraints .. .. . ... .... ... .. .. 142
Memory .. .. .... .. . .. .. ..... ... .. . 63
Seat be lts
refer to Safety belts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Seating capac ity .................... 149
Seati ng position
Driver
. . .. .. . ' .. .. . .. .. ..... ... . .
Front passenger .. .. ........... ... .
How to adj ust the front seats ....... .
Incorrect seat position ............. .
Occupants ....................... .
Rea r passengers .. .. . .. .. ..... ... . .
Sea transport 140
141
141
143
140
142
106
Se lective unlock feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Se lective wheel torque control (all-wheel
drive) ......... ... .. ............... 197
•
•
310 Index
Selector lever ..... ..... ... .. .. .... . 123
Emergency release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Service and disposal
Safety belt p retens ioner . .. .. .. .. .. .
156
Service interval d isp lay ....... ... .. .. .. 22
Service pos ition for windshield wipers .. . 55
SET button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1
Shift buttons .............. .. .. .... . 127
Ship transport ...................... 106
Side airbags
Descr ipt ion . .............. ... .. ...
172
H owtheywork .................... 174
Side assist
Ac tiva ting and deactivating . .. .. .. .. .
118
Adjusting the brightness ............ 118
C leaning sensors .............. .... 2 19
D escr ipt ion ... ........... .. .. .... . 116
Sensor range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Side curta in airbags ........ .. .. .. .. . 175
Descr ipt ion . .............. ... .. ... 175
H owtheywo rk .................... 176
Safety instructions ......... ... .. .. . 177
Side marker lights ................... 49
Snow chains .... ... .... ... .. .. .... . 264
Socket .. ... ................... ... .. 75
Sound system display
Driver information display . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
Sources o f informat io n about c hild re-
straints and their use .. ... .. .. .. .... .
19 6
Speedometer ... .... ...... .. .. .. .. .. 13
Speed rating letter code ..... .. .. .. .. . 260
Speed warn ing system ................ 93
Start-Stop-System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Eng ine does not switched off ... ...... 92
E ng ine starts automatically .......... 92
Ind icator lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
M essages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
S tarting/stopping the eng ine . .. .... .. 92
Sw itching off/on . ..... ... .. .. .... .. 93
START ENGINE STOP button (Conven ience
key) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
86, 87
Starting from rest .......... .. .. .... .. 90
Starting off with a tra ile r .. .. .. .. .. .. . . 90
Starting the eng ine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83, 86
Start ing (engine) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Stee ring
E lectromechanical power assist . . .
201, 0
Indicator light ... ... .. ..... ... .. .. 201
Locking the steering ............... . 83
Malfunction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Manually adjusting the steering wheel . . 83
also refer to Electromechanical power as-
s ist ......... ....................
201
Steering wheel column
Adjusting manually .............. .. .
83
Steps for determin ing correct load limit . 257
Stopping the eng ine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85, 87
Stopping (engine) ... .............. .. . 98
Storage ............................ 76
Cu pholder door pockets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4
G love compartment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
76
Sun shade ........ .. .............. .. 54
Sun visors .. .. .. .. .. ........... .... . 54
Supplementa ry (climate contro l) ... .... . 82
Switches
Emergency flashe rs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
52
Symbols
Red ..............................
28
Yellow .... .... .. ............. .... . 31
T
Tachometer ..... .. ............. .... . 11
Technical modifications .......... .... 298
Tether anchors .. .................. . 194
Tether strap . ..... ... .. ..... ... .. .. 194
T he first 1,000 miles (1,500 km) and after -
wa rds .............................
205
Tie-down rings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68, 146
tiptronic ... .... .. .. ... ..... ... .. .. 123
Automatic Shift Lock (ASL) ... .... . .. 124
Driving . .. .. .. .. ............. .. .. 125
Emergency mode .... .......... .. .. 128
Hill descent control .............. .. 126
K ick -down ........................ 127
Manual shift prog ram .. ....... ... .. 127
Se lector lever .. .. ............. .. .. 123
Tire Mobility System . . . . . . . . . . . . 104, 272
T ire pressure . ... .. .. .... .... ... .. .. 254
T ire pressure mon itoring system ....... 266
Loss of ai r pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . 16, 267
Malfunction ...... .... ... .. .. .. ... 267
Resetting tire pressures . ... .. .. .. .. . 268
Tires .............................. 24 8
Repa ir kit .. ............. .. .. .. ... 272
Repai r set .. .. ........... .. .. .. ... 104
Service life ..... .. .... ... .. .. .. ... 2S8
Speed rating letter code ... .. .. .. .. . 260
T ire manufacturing date ... .. .. .. .. . 260
Tire specifications .......... .. .. .. . 260
Tread depth ............. .... .. ... 258
Uniform tire quality grading .. ....... 262
W inte r tires ..... .. ... ... .. .. .. .. . 263
Tires and vehicle load limits . ... .. .. .. . 256
Tires and whee ls
Chec king tire pressure .............. 254
Cold ti re inflat ion pressu re ... .. .. .. . 2 52
Dimensions .... .. ..... ... .. .. .. ... 259
General notes ... .. .... ... .. .. .. ... 248
Glossary of t ire and load ing term ino lo-
gy .. .. ... . .... ............. .. .. . 249
Low aspect ratio tires ..... .... ... .. . 265
New tires and wheels ............... 259
Replacing ............ ............ 260
S now chai ns ............. .... .. ... 264
Tire pressure monitor ing system . 16, 266
Tires and vehicle load lim its .. .. .. .. . 256
Wheel bolts .... .. .... ... .. .. .. ... 265
W inter tires . .. .. ..... ... .. .. .. ... 263
Tool kit ... .. ................. .. ... 269
Tools ..... .. ................. .. ... 104
Torn or frayed sa fety belts ... .. .. .. .. . 152
Touch-up paint ............. ...... .. 22 1
T ow ing
Front eyelet ............. .... .. ... 287
Rear eye let . ............. .... .. .. . 287
Tow truck procedures ...... .. .. .. .. . 286
Towing a trai ler
Park ing system . ... .... ... .. .. .. ... 134
TPMS Tire pressure monitori ng sys tem .. .. . 26 7
Trailer towing ...................... 212
Operating instructions ......... .. .. . 213
Tec hnical req uirements ...... .. 212,213
Tong ue load ............. .. .. .. .. . 213
Trailer towing tips ........ .. .. .. .. . 214
T railer turn signa l assembly
War ning/ indicato r lights ....... ... ... 16
Inde x 311
Transmission
Malfunction (indicator light) .. ... .. .. 128
t iptron ic . ... .. .. .. . .. ... .... ... .. 123
T ranspo rt Canada .. .... ........... .. 14 7
Travel mode .. .. .. .. ..... ........... 51
T read Wear Ind icator (TWI)
Tr ip compute r 258
Fuel consumpt io n ............. .... . 23
Mileage . .. .. .. .. .... ........... .. . 23
S ingle -trip memo ry .. .. ..... ... .. .. . 23
Tota l-trip memory . .. .. ..... ... .. .. . 23
T rip odomete r ............ ........... 13
Trunk
refer to Rear lid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
T urn signals ... .... .. . .. .. ..... ... .. . 52
Warning/ind icator lights ..... ... .. .. . 16
u
Undercoa ting . .. .. .. . .............. 222
Un fastening safety belts ............. 154
U nidirectional tires ... . .. ..... ... .. .. 248
U ni form tire quality gradi ng .......... 262
U nlocking
Power locking switch ................ 42
Rea r lid/tru nk lid ... . .. .. ... ..... .. . 43
Remote cont ro l key ............... .. 40
U sin g the mec hanical key ............ 41
Use of jumper cables ............ .... 285
V
Vanity mirror . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Vehicle Transpo rt ... .... .. . .. ... .... ... .. 106
Vehicle-care products . ............... 216
Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) . ... 290
Vehicle jac k . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269, 276
Vehicle literature .. ................. .. 5
Vehicle tool kit .. .. .. . ... ...... ... .. 104
Ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
w
Warning/indicator lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Airbag system .... ................. 15
Anti- lock b rake system (ABS) . . . . . . . . . 17
Br ake system .. .. ................. . 18
•
•
312 Index
Cruise control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Electromechanica l parking brake .. .. .. 18
Electronic power control ..... .. .... .. 15
Electronic Stabili zation Control (ESC) ... 15
High beam ................ .. .... .. 17
Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL) . .... 16
Safety belt .... .... ...... .. .. .. .. .. 16
Tire pressure monitoring system .. .. .. 16
Trailer turn signal assembly .... .. .... 16
Turn signals ............. .. .. .... .. 16
Warning lights ............. ... .. .. .. 14
Warranty coverages ............ .... . 295
Washer reservoir .......... .. .. .... . 247
Washing ...... ........... .. .. .... . 216
Automatic car wash ....... .. .. .. .. . 217
By hand .. .. ................ ... ... 217
General information ....... ..... .. . 216
Matte finish paint . ....... .. .. .. .. . 219
with a power washer ...... .. .. .... . 218
Waxing . .. .... ........... ........ . 220
Wear indicator .. ........ .. .. .. .... . 258
Weights ... .. ................ ... ... 290
What happens if you wear your safety belt
too loo se? ... ............. .. .. .. ... 153
What happens to unbelted occupants? .. 150
What impairs driving safety? ... .. .. .. . 140
What should I do after changing a
wheel? .. .. .. .. . .......... .. .. .... .
255
What should I do after replacing wheels? 255
Wheel bolts
Torque . .. .. ................ ... .. .
265
Wheels ... .. ..................... . 248
Cast alloy ............... .. .. .... . 222
Check ing tire pressure . .... .. .. .. .. . 254
Cold t ire inflation pressure ..... .. ... 252
General notes ... ...... .... ... .. .. . 248
Glossary of tire and load ing te rmin olo-
gy .. .. .. .... ........... .. .. .. .. .
249
New tires and wheels ...... .. .. .. .. . 259
Tires and vehicle load limits . ....... . 256
When must a safety belt be rep laced? .. 152
When must the airbag system be inspect-
ed? ... .. .. .. .. . .......... .. .. .... .
168
When should I adjust the tire pressures? 255
When should I check the tire pressures? . 255
Where are lower anchorages located? . .. 192 Where
can I find the tire pressures for my
car? ..... .. .... .. .. ... ........ .. ..
254
Why safety belts? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149, 150
Window regulators
Malfunctions .. .. .. .. ...... ... .. .. .
47
Power locks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 7
Windows Cleaning .. .... .. ............. .... 221
Defrost ing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
81
Windshield
Defrosting .... .. .. ......... .. .. .. .
81
Windsh ie ld washer fluid
Low leve l .. .. .. . .............. .. .. .
33
Windsh ie ld wipers .. .............. .. . 54
Faulty ........ .. .. ........ ...... .. 35
Installing new wiper blades . . . . . . . . . . 56
Replac ing the rear wiper blade ........ 56
Service position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Washer reservoir . ............. .. .. 247
Winter operation
Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
243
Coolant system .. ................ . 240
Defrosting windows ............ .. .. . 81
Seat heating . .. .. ............. .. ... 81
T ires . .... .... ................... 202
Windows ..... .. .. ... ... ..... .. .. 221
Winter tires ..... .. .. ........ ...... .
263
All-wheel drive ... ... .......... .. .. 263
Wiper b lades
Installing new wiper b lades . . . . . . . . . .
56
X
Xenon-L ights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51, 283
y
Ye llow symbo ls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31