
Driving and the Environment
142
Catalytic converterProper operation of the emission cont rol system (catalytic converter) is 
of major significance for driving your vehicle in an environmentally 
conscious way.Please refer to the following guidelines:
– For vehicles with petrol engine only refuel with unleaded petrol  page 158, 
“Grades of petrol”.
– Never run the fuel tank completely empty.
– Do not switch off the ignition while you are driving the vehicle.
– Do not pour too much oil into the engine  page 164, “Replenishing engine oil”. 
– Do not tow-start the vehicle over a distance of more than 50 metres  page 189, 
“Tow-starting a vehicle”.
If you drive your vehicle in a country in  which unleaded petrol is not available, you 
must have the catalytic converter replaced la ter when driving the vehicle into a country 
in which use of a catalyti c converter is mandatory.
WARNING
In view of the high temperatures which may be produced in the catalytic 
converter, one should always park a vehicle in such a way that the catalytic 
converter cannot come into contact with easily flammable materials below the 
vehicle - a risk of fire!
Never use additional underbody protection or corrosion-protection agents 
for the exhaust pipes, catalytic converters or heat shields. Such substances 
might ignite when driving - risk of fire!Caution
On vehicles fitted with a catalytic converte r, never let the fuel tank run completely 
empty. An irregular fuel supply can result in poor ignition or misfiring. Unburnt fuel 
may get into the exhaust system and damage the cata lytic converter.
Filling the tank even only once with leaded petrol will result in the catalytic 
converter being destroyed.
If you detect misfir ing, a drop in performance or  irregular engine running when 
driving, reduce your speed immediately and have the vehicle inspected by the nearest 
specialist garage. The symptoms described ma y be caused by a fault in the ignition 
system. Unburnt fuel may get into the exhaust system and damage the catalytic 
converter.For the sake of the environment
Even if the exhaust system is operating pr operly, a sulphur-like exhaust odour may be 
produced under certain oper ating conditions of the engine. This depends on the 
sulphur content of the fuel. It is often sufficient to refuel with unleaded premium-grade 
petrol of a different brand or at a different filling station.Driving in an economical and environmentally 
conscious mannerGeneral
Your personal style of driving is a major factor.Your fuel consumption, any pollution of  the environmental and the wear-and-tear to 
the engine, brakes and tyres, depend essentially on three factors:
your personal style of driving;
the conditions under which your vehicle is operated;
technical aspects.
You can easily improve your fuel economy by  10 - 15 percent by driving in an econom-
ical way with foresight. This section is intended to provide you with a number of tips on 
how to protect the environment and at the same time save money.
The fuel consumption can naturally also be  influenced by factors which are beyond the 
driver's control. It is, for example, normal  for the fuel consumption to increase in 
winter and under worsened cond itions such as poor road conditions, towing a trailer, 
etc.
The technical requirements for low fuel usage and economic efficiency of the vehicle 
have already been built into the vehicle at the works. Special attention has been given 
to minimising negative  effects on the environment. It is  necessary to take note of the 
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Taking care of your vehicle and cleaning the vehicle
152
There are no particular points to note be fore washing your vehicle in an automatic 
vehicle wash system other than the usua l precautionary measures (closing the 
windows, unscrewing the aerial, etc.).
If you have any particular attached parts fitted to your car  - such as spoiler, roof rack 
system, two-way radio aerial - it is best to first of all consult the operator of the car 
wash plant.
It is important to degrease  the lips of the windscreen wiper rubbers after passing 
through the automatic  vehicle wash system.Washing vehicle by handIt is important to first soften the dirt with  plenty of water and rinse it off as thoroughly 
as possible before washin g your vehicle by hand.
One should then clean the vehicle using a soft  washing sponge, washing glove or a 
washing brush  and only slight pressure. Work from  the top to the bottom - beginning 
with the roof. Only place slight pressure on  the vehicle paintwork during cleaning Only 
use a  car shampoo  for stubborn dirt.
Wash out the sponge or washing glove thoroughly at short intervals.
Clean wheels, door sills and similar parts last. Use a second sponge for such areas.
Rinse off the vehicle well after giving it a wash and dry it off using a chamois leather.
WARNING
The ignition should always be switched off when you wash your vehicle - 
risk of accident!
Protect your hands and arms from sharp-edged metal parts when you are 
cleaning the underfloor, the inside of  the wheel housings or the wheel trims - 
risk of cuts.Caution
Do not wash your vehicle in bright  sunlight - risk of paint damage.
Ensure that the jet of water is not aimed di rectly at the locking cylinders or at the 
door and panel joints if you spray your vehi cle in winter down with a hose - risk of 
freezing.
Do not use any insect sponges, rough kitc hen sponges or similar cleaning products 
- risk of damage to the surface of paintwork.For the sake of the environment
Only wash your vehicle at wa shing bays specifically reserved for this purpose. This 
ensures that no water which may be contaminated by oil flows into the sewage system. 
It is not even permitted to wash your vehicl e in certain areas except at such specific 
washing bays.Washing with a high-pressure cleanerWhen you wash your vehicle with a high-press ure cleaner, it is essential to comply with 
the instructions for use of the cleaning equi pment. This applies in particular to the 
pressure  used and to the  spraying distance . Maintain a sufficiently large distance to 
soft materials such as rubber hoses or insulation material.
On no account use  circular spray nozzles  or so-called dirt cutters.
WARNING
It is particularly important that you do not clean tyres with circular spray jets. 
Damage may occur even at a relatively la rge spraying distance and if sprayed 
only for a short time.
Caution
The water containing wax must be no hotter  than 60°C, otherwise the vehicle can be 
damaged.Wax treatmentGood wax treatment is an effective way of protecting the paintwork from harmful envi-
ronmental influences and  minor mechanical damage.
The vehicle must be treated with a high-quali ty hard wax polish at the latest, when no 
more drops form on the clean paintwork.
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Praktik
Technical Data
Underbody protectionThe underside of your vehicle is protected for life against chemical and mechanical 
influences.
One cannot, however, completely rule out damage to the protective layer when 
driving so we recommend that you inspect the protective layer on the underside of 
your vehicle and on the chassis at certain intervals - this is best done at the beginning 
and end of the winter - and to touch up any damaged areas.
Specialist garages have suitable  spray products available as well  as the necessary 
equipment and are familiar with the instructions for use. Therefore, we recommend 
you have such touch-up work or additional corrosion protection measures carried out 
by a specialist garage.
WARNING
Never use additional underbody protection or corrosion-protection agents for 
the exhaust pipes, catalytic converters, di esel particle filter or heat shields. 
When the engine reaches its operating temperature, these substances might 
ignite - risk of fire!Protection of hollow spacesAll the cavities of your vehicle which are at risk from corrosion are protected for life by 
a layer of  protective wax  applied in the factory.
This wax protection does not require to be inspected or re-treated. Please remove any 
small amount of wax which flows out of the cavities at high temperatures with a plastic 
scraper and clean the spot using petroleum cleaner.
WARNING
Safety and environmental pr otection regulations should observed when using 
petroleum cleaner to remove wax - a risk of fire!
Engine compartmentGood corrosion protection is very importan t, particularly in winter when one often 
drives over its salt-strewn roads. One should therefore clean the entire engine 
compartment before and after the salt spread ing period, in order to prevent the salt 
from being destructive.
Specialist garages have the cleaning agen ts recommended by the manufacturer and 
also the required equipment.
WARNING
It is necessary to observ e the guidelines given in the chapter before working 
on the engine compartment  page 162.
Let the engine cool down before cleaning the engine compartment.Caution
Engine cleaning may be only be un dertaken when the ignition is off.
It is recommended to cover the generator before washing the engine compart-
ment.For the sake of the environment
The dirty water produced by washing the engine has washed away petrol, and residues 
of grease and oil and should therefore be  cleaned by an oil separator. This is why 
engine washing should only be undertaken in garages or at filling stations (when these 
are fitted with the required equipment).Care of the interior of vehiclePlastic parts, artificial leather and clothsYou can clean plastic parts and artificial leather with a moist cloth. You should only 
treat such parts with special  solvent-free plastic cleaning and care products  it does 
prove to be adequate.
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162
Working in the engine compartment
Particular care is required when carrying out any work in the engine 
compartment!There is a risk of injuries, scalding, acci dents and fire when working in the engine 
compartment, e.g. inspecting and replenishing oil and other fluids. For this 
reason, it is essential to comply with the warning instructions stated below and 
with the general applicable rules of safe ty. The engine compartment of your car 
is a hazardous area   .
WARNING
Never open the bonnet if  you see that steam or coolant is flowing out of the 
engine compartment - risk of scalding!  Wait long enough until the steam or 
coolant has stopped escaping.
Switch off the engine and pull out the ignition key.
Apply the handbrake firmly.
If your vehicle is fitted with a manual  gearbox, move the gearshift lever into 
Neutral, or if it is fitted with automatic gearbox, move the selector lever into 
position P.
Allow the engine to cool down.
Keep children clear of the engine compartment.
Do not touch any hot engine parts - risk of burns!
Never spill oil and other fluids over the hot engine. Such fluids (e.g. the anti-
freeze contained in the wash liquid) may ignite!
Avoid short circuits in the electrical system - particularly on the battery.
Never place your hand into the radiator fan as long as the engine is still 
warm. The fan might suddenly start running!
Never open the cap of the coolant expans ion bottle as long as the engine is 
still warm. The cooling  system is pressurized!
Cover over the cap of the coolant expansion reservoir with a large cloth 
when opening it as protection for your  face, hands and arms from hot steam or 
hot coolant.
Do not let objects, such as e.g cleaning cloth or tools lie in the engine 
compartment.
If you wish to work under the vehicl e, you must secure the vehicle from 
rolling away and support it with suitable supporting blocks: the car jack is not 
sufficient for this - risk of injury!
In cases where it be necessary to carry out inspection work when the engine 
is running there is an additional risk fr om rotating parts (e.g. the V-ribbed belt, 
alternator, radiator fan) and from the high-voltage ignition system. Please 
observe in addition the following:
Never touch the electrical cabl es of the ignition system.
 Absolutely avoid any jewellery, loose it ems of clothing or long hair from 
getting into the rotating parts of the  engine - Hazard! Therefore remove any 
jewellery beforehand, tie up your hair and wear tight fitting clothing.
Please also comply with the warnin g instructions stated below when 
carrying out any essential work on the fuel system or on th e electrical system:
 Always separate the car battery from the electrical system.
 Do not smoke.
 Never carry out any work close to naked flames.
 Always keep a working fire  extinguisher at hand.Caution
When replenishing fluids in the engine, always  ensure that the fluids are on no account 
mixed up. This may result in major oper ating problems and also vehicle damage!
WARNING (continued)
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Praktik
Technical Data
acid corrodes dental enamel and create
s deep wounds after contact with the 
skin which take a long time to heal. Repeated contact with diluted acids causes 
skin diseases (inflammations, ulcers, slin cracks). Acids coming into contact 
with water are diluted accompanied by  significant development of heat.
Do not tilt the battery otherwise battery electrolyte may flow out of the 
battery vent openings. Protect the eyes with safety glas ses or a shield! There is 
the danger of suffering blindness! If an y battery electrolyte gets into your eye, 
rinse out your eye immediately with cl ear water for several minutes. Contact a 
doctor without delay.
Splashes of acid on your skin or clothes should be neutralised as soon as 
possible using soap suds and then rinsed with plenty of water. Contact a doctor 
immediately if you swal low battery electrolyte.
Keep batteries out of the reach of children.
Hydrogen is released when you charge  a battery and a highly explosive gas 
mixture is produced. An explosion can be caused through sparkling over during 
unclamping or loosening of the cabl e plug while the ignition is on.
Bridging of the poles will create a short circuit (e.g. through metal objects, 
cables). Possible consequences of a short circuit: Melting of lead struts, explo-
sion and burning of the battery, jets of acid spurting out.
It is prohibited to work with a naked flame and light, to smoke or to carry out 
any activities which produce sparks. Avoi d creating sparks when working with 
cables and electrical devices. Strong sparking represents a risk of injury.
Before carrying out any work on the el ectrical system, switch off the engine, 
the ignition as well as all electrical components and disconnect the negative 
cable (-) on the battery. If you wish to replace a bulb it is sufficient to switch off 
the appropriate light.
Never charge a frozen or thawed battery - risk of explosion and caustic 
burns! Replace a frozen battery.
Never use a battery which is damaged  - risk of explosion! Immediately 
replace a damaged battery.
Caution
You must only disconnect the battery if th e ignition is switched off, otherwise the 
electrical system (electronic components ) of the vehicle may be damaged. When 
disconnecting the battery from the electrical system of the vehicle, first disconnect the 
negative terminal (-) of the battery. Then  disconnect the positive terminal (+).
When reconnecting the battery, first connect the positive terminal (+) and only 
then the negative terminal (-) of the battery. You must on no account connect the 
cables wrongly - risk of a cable fire.
Ensure that battery acid does not come  into contact with the vehicle body other-
wise damage could occur to the paintwork.
Do not place the battery in direct daylight in order to protect the battery housing 
from the effects of ultra-violet light.For the sake of the environment
A removed battery is a special type of wa ste which is harmful to the environment - 
contact your specialist garage regarding disposing of the battery.
Note
Please also refer to the guidelines  page 171, “Disconnectin g and reconnecting 
the battery”, also after connecting the battery.
Battery with a two-tone indicator
WARNING (continued)
Fig. 141  The battery: Show
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Operation in winterThe battery has to provide greater amounts of  electricity during the winter. It also has 
only part of the initial power output at low temperatures that it has at normal temper-
atures.
A discharged battery may already freez e at temperatures just below 0°C.
We therefore recommend that you have the  battery checked by a specialist garage 
before the start of the winter, and recharged if necessary.Charging the battery
A properly charged battery is essentia l for reliably starting the engine.– Read the warning notes  in “Working on the battery” on page 168 and  .
– Switch the ignition and all electrical components off.
– Only for “quick-charging”: Disconnect both  battery cables (first of all “negative”, 
then “positive”).
– Carefully attach the terminal clamps of the charger to the battery terminals (red =  “positive”, black = “negative”).
– You can now plug the mains cable of the  charger into the power socket and switch 
on the charger.
– When charging is completed: switch th e charger off and unplug the mains cable 
from the power socket.
– Only then should you disconnect the terminal clamps of the charger.
– Reconnect the cables to the battery (first of all “positive”, then “negative”).
It is not normally necessary to disconnect th e cables of the battery if you recharge the 
battery using low amperages (as for example from a mini-charger ). Please also refer 
to the instructions from the charger manufacturer.
A charging current of 0.1 of the total battery  capacity (or lower) is that which should be 
used until full charging is achieved.
It is, however, necessary to disconnect both cables before charging the battery with 
high amperages, so-called “ quick-charging”. “Quick-charging” a battery is 
dangerous   in “Working on the battery” on 
page 168. It requires a special charger an d appropriate knowledge. We therefore 
recommend that you have your battery quick- charged only by your specialist garage.
A discharged battery may already  freeze at temperatures just below 0°C  . We 
recommend that you no longer use a battery  which has thawed out because the casing 
of the battery may be cracked through the formation of ice and this would allow 
battery electrolyte to flow out.
The vent plugs of the battery should not be opened for charging.
WARNING
Never charge a frozen or thawed battery - risk of explosion and caustic burns! 
Replace a frozen battery.Disconnecting and reconnecting the batteryOn disconnecting and reconnecting the battery the following functions are initially 
deactivated or are no longer able to operate fault-free.
We recommend having the vehicle checked by  a specialist garage to ensure full func-
tionality of all electrical systems.Replacing the batteryYou should only replace a battery with a ne w battery of the same capacity, voltage (12 
V), amperage and of the same size. Specialist garages have a range of suitable batteries 
available.Operation
Operating measure
Electrical power window (operational faults)
 page 44
Enter radio code number
see Radio Operating Instructions
Set hours
page 18
Data in the multi-functional indicator* are 
deleted.
page 18
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Breakdown assistance
188WARNING
The non-insulated parts of the terminal clamps must never make contact 
with each other. Furthermore, the cable connected to the positive terminal of 
the battery must not come into contact with electrically conducting parts of the 
vehicle - risk of a short circuit!
Do not affix the jump starting cables to the negative terminal of the 
discharged battery. There is  the risk of detonating gas seeping out the battery 
being ignited by the strong spark which  results from the engine being started.
Do not affix the cable end   to parts of the fuel and brake system.
Run the jump-start cables so that they cannot be caught by any rotating 
parts in the engine compartment.
Do not bend over the batteries - risk of caustic burns!
The vent screws of the battery cells must be tightened firmly.
Keep any sources of ignition (naked  flame, smouldering cigarettes etc.) 
away from the battery - risk of an explosion!
Never jump-start the batteries which have a too low electrolyte level - risk 
of explosion and caustic burns!
Tow-starting and towing vehicleGeneralPlease pay attention to the following instru ctions if you are going to use a tow rope:Driver of the towing vehicle– Do not drive off until the tow rope is taught.
– Release the clutch particularly gently when starting off.Driver of the towed vehicle– Switch the ignition on so that the steering wheel is not blocked and you can also  operate the turn signal lights, the headlight flasher, the windscreen wipers and 
windscreen washer system. – Take the vehicle out of gear or move the selector lever into position 
N if your 
vehicle is fitted with an automatic gearbox.
– Note that the brake servo unit and power steering only operate if the engine is  running. You will require significantly greater physical force to depress the brake 
pedal and to steer the vehicle  if the engine is not running.
– Ensure that the tow rope is always kept taught.
Tow rope or tow bar
A tow  bar is safest way of towing a vehicle and also minimizes any shocks. You can use 
a tow  rope only if a suitable tow bar is not available.
The tow rope must be elastic to protect the  vehicle. Thus one should only use plastic 
fibre rope or a rope made out  of a similarly elastic material.
Attach the tow rope or the tow bar only to the  towing eyes provided for this purpose 
 page 189, “Front towing eye” and  page 189, “Rear towing eye”.
Driving style
Towing another vehicle requires a certain am ount of practice. Both drivers should be 
familiar with the particular points about to wing a vehicle. Unskilled drivers should not 
attempt to tow in another vehicle or to be towed in.
One should be constantly vigilant not to  allow impermissibly high towing forces or 
jerky loadings. There is always a risk of excessive stresses and damage resulting at the 
points to which you attach the tow rope or  tow bar when you attempt to tow a vehicle 
which is not standing on a paved road.
Caution
If the gearbox of your vehicle no longer  contains any oil because of a defect, your 
vehicle must only be towed in with the driven wheels raised clear of the ground, or on 
a special vehicle transporter or trailer.
Note
Please comply with any national legal provisions particularly regarding the 
switched on signal systems, when towi ng in or tow-starting another vehicle.
The tow rope must not be twisted as it may in certain circumstances result in the 
front towing eye being unscrewed out of your vehicle.
A4
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Technical Data
Front towing eye
The towing eye is stored in the box for the vehicle tool kit.Fig. 154  Front bumper: protective gr ille / installing the towing eye– Press on the left half of the cover in direction of arrow    page 189, fig. 154 .
– Pull the cover out of the front bumper.
– Screw in the towing eye anticlockwise down to the stop  page 189, fig. 154  and 
tighten up using the wheel wrench (push the wheel wrench through eye).
– In order to reinstall the cover after screwing out the towing eye, insert it in the  mounts and then press on the right side  of the cover. The cover must engage 
firmly.Rear towing eyeThe rear towing eye is located be low the rear bumper on the right  fig. 155 .
Tow-starting a vehicleIf the engine does not start, we generally do  not recommend to tow-start your vehicle. 
One should attempt to start the engine using jump start cables  page 186 or call on 
the services of the SERVICE mobile.If your vehicle has to be towed:– Engage 2nd or 3rd gear with the vehicle stationary.
– Depress the clutch pedal fu lly and keep it depressed.
– Switch on the ignition.
– Wait until both vehicles are moving  then release the clutch pedal slowly.
– Depress the clutch pedal fully when the  engine fires and take the vehicle out of 
gear.
WARNING
There is high risk of having an accident when tow-starting a vehicle, when for 
example the towed vehicle runs into the towing vehicle.
Caution
Vehicles which are fitted with a catalytic converter should not be tow-started over a 
distance of more than 50 metres. Unburnt fuel may get into the catalytic converter and 
damage it.Towing in a vehicle fitted with a manual gearboxPlease refer to the notes  page 188.
The vehicle can be towed in with a tow bar  or a tow rope or with the front or rear 
wheels raised. The maximum towing speed is  50 km/h.Towing of a vehicle with an automatic gearboxPlease refer to the notes  page 188.
A1
Fig. 155  Rear towing eye
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