2008 TOYOTA tC Owners Manual (in English)

169
Ti r e relat ed ter m
Meaning
Weather sidethe surface area of the rim no
t covered by the inflated tire
Beadthe part of the tire that is made of steel wires, wrapped or reinforced by ply
cords and that is shaped to fit the rim
Bead separationa breakdown of the bond between components in the bead
Bias ply tirea pneumatic tire in which the ply cords that extend to the beads are laid at
alternate angles substantially less than 90 degrees to the centerline of the tread
Carcassthe tire structure, except tread and sidewall rubber which, when inflated, bears
the load
Chunkingthe breaking away of pieces of the tread or sidewall
Cordthe strands forming the plies in the tire
Cord separationthe parting of cords from adjacent rubber compounds
Crackingany parting within the tread, sidewall, or innerliner of the tire extending to cord
material
CT
a pneumatic tire with an inverted flange tire and rim system in which the rim
is designed with rim flanges pointed radi ally inward and the tire is designed
to fit on the underside of the rim in a manner that encloses the rim flanges
inside the air cavity of the tire
Extra load tirea tire designed to operate at higher loads and at higher inflation pressures
than the corresponding standard tire

170Ti r e relat ed ter m
Meaning
Groovethe space between two adjacent tread ribs
Innerlinerthe layer(s) forming the inside surface of a tubeless tire that contains the inflat-
ing medium within the tire
Innerliner separationthe parting of the innerliner from cord material in the carcass
Intended outboard sidewall
(A) the sidewall that contains a whitewall, bears white lettering or bears
manufacturer, brand, and/or model name molding that is higher or deeper
than the same molding on the other sidewall of the tire, or
(B) the outward facing sidewall of an asymmetrical tire that has a particular side that must always face outward when mounted on a vehicle
Light truck (LT) tirea tire designated by its manufacturer as primarily intended for use on lightweight
trucks or multipurpose passenger vehicles
Load ratingthe maximum load that a tire is rated to carry for a given inf lat ion pr es s ur e
Maximum load ratingthe load rating for a tire at the maximu m permissible inflation pressure for that
tire
Maximum permissible inflation pres-
surethe maximum cold inflat ion pressure to which a tire may be inflated
Measuring rimthe rim on which a tire is fitted for physical dimension requirements
Open spliceany parting at any junction of tread, sidewall, or innerliner that extends to cord
material

171
Ti r e relat ed ter m
Meaning
Outer diameterthe overall diameter of an inflated new tire
Overall widththe linear distance between the exteriors of the sidewalls of an inflated tire,
including elevations due to labeling, decorations, or protective bands or ribs
Passenger car tire
a tire intended for use on passenger cars, multipurpose passenger vehicles,
and trucks, that have a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of 10,000 lb. or
less
Plya layer of rubber
−coated parallel cords
Ply separationa parting of rubber compound between adjacent plies
Pneumatic tire
a mechanical device made of rubber, chemicals, fabric and steel or other mate-
rials, that, when mounted on an automotive wheel, provides the traction and
contains the gas or fluid that sustains the load
Radial ply tirea pneumatic tire in which the ply cords that extend to the beads are laid at
substantially 90 degrees to the centerline of the tread
Reinforced tirea tire designed to operate at higher loads and at higher inflation pressures
than the corresponding standard tire
S ec t ion widt hthe linear distance between the exteriors of the sidewalls of an inflated tire,
excluding elevations due to labeling, decoration, or protective bands
Sidewallthat portion of a tire between the tread and bead
Sidewall separationthe parting of the rubber compound from the cord material in the sidewall

172Ti r e relat ed ter m
Meaning
Snow tire
a tire that attains a traction index equal to or greater than 110, compared to
the ASTM E
−1136 Standard Reference Test Tire, when using the snow traction
test as described in ASTM F −1805 −00, Standard Test Method for Single Wheel
Driving Traction in a Straight Line on Snow −and Ice −Cov er ed Sur f ac es , and
which is marked with an Alpine Symbol ( ) on at least one sidewall
Te s t r i mthe rim on which a tire is fitted for testing, and may be any rim listed as appropri-
ate for use with that tire
Treadthat portion of a tire that comes into contact with the road
Tread riba tread section running circumferentially around a tire
Tread separationpulling away of the tread from the tire carcass
Treadwear indicators(TWI)the projections within the principal grooves designed to give a visual indication
of the degrees of wear of the tread
Wheel−holding fixturethe fixture used to hold the wheel and tire assembly securely during testing

173
Table 1– Occupant loading and distribution for vehicle normal load for various designated seating capacities
Designated seating capacity, number
of occupants
Vehicle normal load, number of occu-
pantsOccupant distribution in a normally
loaded vehicle
2 through 422 in front
5 through 1032 in front, 1 in second seat
11 through 1552 in front, 1 in second seat, 1 in third
seat, 1 in fourth seat
16 through 2072 in front, 2 in second seat, 2 in third
seat, 1 in fourth seat

174 Vehicle load limits include total load
capacity, seating capacity, towing ca-
pacity and cargo capacity. Follow the
load limits shown below. Total load ca-
pacity and seating capacity are also
described on the tire and loading in-
formation label. For location of the tire
and loading information label, see
“Checking tire inflat ion pr es s ur e” on
page 237.
Total load capacity , kg (lb.):
392 (865)
Total load capacity means combined
weight of occupants, cargo and lug-
gage.
Seating capacity: Total 5 (Front 2, Rear 3)
Seating capacity means the maximum
number of occupants whose esti-
mated average weight is 68 kg (150
lb.) per person. Depending on the
weight of each person, the seating ca-
pacity given may exceed the total
load capacity.
NOTICE
Even if the number of occupants are
within the seating capacity, do not ex-
ceed the total load capacity.
Towing capacity
Scion does not recommend towing a
trailer with your vehicle. Your vehicle
is not designed for trailer towing.
Cargo capacity
Cargo capacity may increase or de-
crease depending on the size (weight)
and the number of occupants. For de-
tails, see “Capacity and distribution”
that follows.
CAUTION
Do not apply the load more than
each load limit. That may cause
not only damage to the tires, but
also deterioration to the steering
ability and braking ability, which
may cause an accident.
Veh icle lo ad limit s

175
When stowing cargo and luggage in
the vehicle, observe the following:
 Put cargo and luggage in the lug-
gage compartment when at all
possible. Be sure all items are se-
cured in place.
 Be careful to keep the vehicle bal-
anced. Locating the weight as far
forward as possible helps maintain
balance.
 For better fuel economy, do not
carry unneeded weight.
CAUTION
When the rear seatbacks are in
the upright position—
To prevent cargo and l uggage
from sliding forward during
braking, do not stack anything
in the luggage compartment
higher than the seatbacks.
Keep cargo and luggage low,
as close to the floor as pos-
sible.
 When the rear seatbacks are
folded down—
To prevent cargo and l uggage
from sliding forward during
braking, do not stack anything
in the enlarged luggage
compartment. Keep cargo and
luggage low, as close to the
floor as possible.
 Never allow anyone to ride in
the luggage compartment. It is
not designed for passengers.
They should ride in their seats
with their seat belts properly
fastened. Otherwise, they are
much more likely to suffer
death or serious bodily injury,
in the event of sudden braking
or a collision.
 Do not place anything on the
luggage cover. Such items may
be thrown about and possibly
injure people in the vehicle
during sudden braking or an
accident. Secure all items in a
safe place.
 Do not drive with objects left
on top of the instrument panel.
They may interfere with the
driver’s field of view. Or they
may move during sudden ve-
hicle acceleration or turning,
and impair the driver’s control
of the vehicle. In an accident
they may injure the vehicle oc-
cupants.
Cargo and luggage—
—Stowage precautions

176
NOTICE
Do not load the vehicle beyond the ve-
hicle capacity weight given on page 258.
Cargo capacity depends on the to-
tal weight of the occupants.
(Cargo capacity) = (Total load capac-
ity) – (Total weight of occupants)
Steps for Determining Correct
Load Limit—
(1) Locate the statement “The com-bined weight of occupants and
cargo should never exceed XXX
kg or XXX lbs.” on your vehicle’s
placard.
(2) Determine the combined weight of the driver and passengers that will
be riding in your vehicle.
(3) Subtract the combined weight of the driver and passengers from
XXX kg or XXX lbs. (4) The resulting figure equals the
available amount of cargo and lug-
gage load capacity. For example,
if the “XXX” am ount equals 1400
lbs. and there will be five 150 lb
passengers in your vehicle, the
amount of available cargo and lug-
gage load capacity is 650 lbs.
(1400 – 750 (5x150)=650 lbs.)
(5) Determine the combined weight of luggage and cargo being loaded
on the vehicle. That weight may
not safely exceed the available
cargo and luggage load capacity
calculated in Step 4.
(6) If your vehicle will be towing a trailer, load from your trailer will
be transferred to your vehicle.
Consult this manual to determine
how this reduces the available car-
go and luggage load capacity of
your vehicle.
Scion does not recommend towing a
trailer with your vehicle. It is not de-
signed for trailer towing.
—Capacity and distribution