2006 INFINITI M35 wheel

TF-1
TRANSFER
D DRIVELINE/AXLE
CONTENTS
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Revision: 2006 January2006 M35/M45
TRANSFER
PRECAUTIONS .......................................................... 3
Precautions for Supplemental Restraint System
(SRS) “AIR BAG” and “SEAT BELT PRE-TEN-
SIONER” .................................................................. 3
Precautions .............................................................. 3
Service Notice or Precautions .................................. 4
PREPARATION ........................................................... 5
Special Service Tools ............................................... 5
Commercial Service Tools ........................................ 7
NOISE, VIBRATION AND HARSHNESS (NVH)
TROUBLESHOOTING ................................................ 8
NVH Troubleshooting Chart ..................................... 8
TRANSFER FLUID ..................................................... 9
Replacement ............................................................ 9
DRAINING ............................................................. 9
FILLING ................................................................. 9
Inspection ................................................................. 9
FLUID LEAKAGE AND FLUID LEVEL .................. 9
AWD SYSTEM .......................................................... 10
Power Transfer Diagram ........................................ 10
System Description ................................................ 10
DESCRIPTION .................................................... 10
ELECTRIC CONTROLLED COUPLING .............. 11
AWD CONTROL UNIT ......................................... 11
AWD WARNING LAMP ....................................... 12
System Diagram ..................................................... 12
COMPONENTS FUNCTION DESCRIPTION ..... 13
CAN Communication .............................................. 13
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION .................................... 13
TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS ............................................ 14
Fail-Safe Function .................................................. 14
How to Perform Trouble Diagnosis ........................ 14
BASIC CONCEPT ............................................... 14
Location of Electrical Parts ..................................... 15
Circuit Diagram ...................................................... 16
Wiring Diagram — AWD — .................................... 17
Trouble Diagnosis Chart for Symptoms ................. 20
AWD Control Unit Input/Output Signal Reference
Values .................................................................... 20AWD CONTROL UNIT INSPECTION TABLE ..... 20
CONSULT-II Function (ALL MODE AWD/4WD) ..... 21
FUNCTION .......................................................
... 21
CONSULT-II SETTING PROCEDURE ................ 22
SELF-DIAG RESULT MODE ............................... 22
DATA MONITOR MODE ...................................... 24
ACTIVE TEST MODE ......................................... 25
AWD CONTROL UNIT PART NUMBER ............. 25
TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS FOR SYSTEM .................... 26
Power Supply Circuit for AWD Control Unit ............ 26
CONSULT-II REFERENCE VALUE IN DATA
MONITOR MODE ................................................ 26
DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE .............................. 26
AWD Control Unit ................................................... 27
DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE .............................. 27
ABS System ........................................................... 27
DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE .............................. 27
AWD Solenoid ........................................................ 28
CONSULT-II REFERENCE VALUE IN DATA
MONITOR MODE ................................................ 28
DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE .............................. 28
COMPONENT INSPECTION .............................. 30
AWD Actuator Relay ............................................... 31
CONSULT-II REFERENCE VALUE IN DATA
MONITOR MODE ................................................ 31
DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE .............................. 31
Engine Control Signal ............................................. 32
DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE .............................. 32
CAN Communication Line ...................................... 32
DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE .............................. 32
TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS FOR SYMPTOMS .............. 33
AWD Warning Lamp Does Not Turn ON When The
Ignition Switch Is Turned to ON .............................. 33
DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE .............................. 33
AWD Warning Lamp Does Not Turn OFF Several
Seconds after Engine Started ................................. 33
DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE .............................. 33
Heavy Tight-Corner Braking Symptom Occurs
When The Vehicle Is Driven and The Steering Wheel
Is Turned Fully to Either Side after The Engine Is

TF-10
AWD SYSTEM
Revision: 2006 January2006 M35/M45
AWD SYSTEMPFP:41650
Power Transfer DiagramNDS000DB
System DescriptionNDS000DC
DESCRIPTION
Electronic control allows optimal distribution of torque to front/rear wheels to match road conditions.
Makes possible stable driving, with no wheel spin, on snowy roads or other slippery surfaces.
On roads which do not require AWD, it contributes to improved fuel economy by driving in conditions close
to rear-wheel drive.
Sensor inputs determine the vehicle's turning condition, and in response tight cornering/braking are con-
trolled by distributing optimum torque to front wheels.
NOTE:
When driving, if there is a large difference between front and rear wheel speed which continues for a long
time, fluid temperature of drive system parts becomes too high and AWD warning lamp flashes rapidly.
(When AWD warning lamp flashes, vehicle changes to rear-wheel drive conditions.) Also, optional distri-
bution of torque sometimes becomes rigid before lamp flashes rapidly, but it is not malfunction.
If AWD warning lamp is flashing rapidly, stop vehicle and allow it to idle for some time. Flashing will stop
and AWD system will be restored.
When driving, AWD warning lamp may flash slowly if there is a significant difference in diameter of the
tires. At this time, vehicle performance is not fully available and cautious driving is required. (Continues
until engine is turned OFF.)
If the warning lamp flashes slowly during driving but remains OFF after engine is restarted, the system is
normal. If it again flashes slowly after driving for some time, vehicle must be inspected.
When the difference of revolution speed between the front and rear wheel the shift occasionally changes
to direct 4-wheel driving conditions automatically. This is not malfunction.
SDIA1611E

AWD SYSTEM
TF-11
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ELECTRIC CONTROLLED COUPLING
Operation Principle
1. AWD control unit supplies command current to electric controlled coupling (AWD solenoid).
2. Control clutch is engaged by electromagnet and torque is detected in control clutch.
3. The cam operates in response to control clutch torque and applies pressure to main clutch.
4. Main clutch transmits torque to front wheels according to pressing power.
Transmission torque to front wheels is determined according
to command current.
AWD CONTROL UNIT
Controls distribution of drive power between rear-wheel drive
(0:100) and AWD (50:50) conditions according to signals from
sensors.
Self-diagnosis can be done with CONSULT-II.
SDIA2270E
SDIA1844E
SDIA3133E

TF-12
AWD SYSTEM
Revision: 2006 January2006 M35/M45
AWD WARNING LAMP
Turns ON when there is a malfunction in AWD system. It indicates that fail-safe mode is engaged and vehicle
change to rear-wheel drive or shifting driving force-AWD (Front-wheels still have some driving torque).
Also turns ON when ignition switch is turned ON, for purpose of lamp check. Turns OFF approximately for 1
seconds after the engine starts if system is normal.
AWD Warning Lamp Indication
System DiagramNDS000DD
Condition AWD warning lamp
Lamp checkTurns ON when ignition switch is turned ON. Turns OFF
approx. 1 second after engine start.
AWD system malfunctionON
Protection function is activated due to heavy load to electric con-
trolled coupling. (AWD system is not malfunctioning and AWD system
changes to 2WD mode.)Rapid flashing: 2 times/second
(Flashing in approx. 1 minute and then turning OFF)
Large difference in diameter of front/rear tiresSlow flashing: 1 time/2 seconds
(Continuing to flash until turning ignition switch OFF)
Other than above (system normal) OFF
SDIA3134E

AWD SYSTEM
TF-13
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COMPONENTS FUNCTION DESCRIPTION
CAN CommunicationNDS000DE
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
CAN (Controller Area Network) is a serial communication line for real time application. It is an on-vehicle mul-
tiplex communication line with high data communication speed and excellent error detection ability. Many elec-
tronic control units are equipped onto a vehicle, and each control unit shares information and links with other
control units during operation (not independent). In CAN communication, control units are connected with 2
communication lines (CAN H line, CAN L line) allowing a high rate of information transmission with less wiring.
Each control unit transmits/receives data but selectively reads required data only.
For details, refer to LAN-34, "
CAN Communication Unit" .
Component parts Function
AWD control unit
Controls driving force distribution by signals from each sensor and switch from rear wheel driving
mode (0:100) to AWD mode (50:50).
2WD mode is available by fail-safe function if malfunction is detected in AWD system.
Wheel sensors Detects wheel speed.
AWD solenoid Controls electric controlled coupling by command current from AWD control unit.
Electric controlled coupling Transmits driving force to front final drive.
AWD warning lamp
Illuminates if malfunction is detected in electrical system of AWD system.
There is 1 blink in 2 seconds if rotation difference of front wheels and rear wheels is large.
There are 2 blinks in 1 second if load is still applied to driving parts.
ABS actuator and electric unit
(control unit)Transmits the following signals via CAN communication to AWD control unit.
Vehicle speed signal
Stop lamp switch signal (brake signal)
ECMTransmits the following signals via CAN communication to AWD control unit.
Accelerator pedal position signal
Engine speed signal
Unified meter and A/C amp. Transmits conditions of parking brake switch via CAN communication to AWD control unit.

TF-14
TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS
Revision: 2006 January2006 M35/M45
TROUBLE DIAGNOSISPFP:00004
Fail-Safe FunctionNDS000DF
If any malfunction occurs in AWD electrical system, and control unit detects the malfunction, AWD warn-
ing lamp on combination meter turns ON to indicate system malfunction.
When AWD warning lamp is ON, vehicle changes to rear-wheel drive or shifting driving force-AWD (Front-
wheels still have some driving torque).
How to Perform Trouble DiagnosisNDS000DG
BASIC CONCEPT
To perform trouble diagnosis, it is the most important to have understanding about vehicle systems (con-
trol and mechanism) thoroughly.
It is also important to clarify customer complaints before inspec-
tion.
First of all, reproduce symptoms, and understand them fully.
Ask customer about his/her complaints carefully. In some cases,
it will be necessary to check symptoms by driving vehicle with
customer.
CAUTION:
Customers are not professional. It is dangerous to make an
easy guess like “maybe the customer means that...,” or
“maybe the customer mentions this symptom”.
It is essential to check symptoms right from the beginning in
order to repair malfunctions completely.
For intermittent malfunctions, reproduce symptoms based on
interview with customer and past examples. Do not perform
inspection on ad hoc basis. Most intermittent malfunctions are
caused by poor contacts. In this case, it will be effective to shake
suspected harness or connector by hand. When repairing with-
out any symptom diagnosis, you cannot judge if malfunctions
have actually been eliminated.
After completing diagnosis, always erase diagnostic memory.
Refer to TF-22, "
How to Erase Self-Diagnostic Results" .
For intermittent malfunctions, move harness or harness connec-
tor by hand. Then check for poor contact or reproduced open circuit.
SEF233G
SEF234G

TF-20
TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS
Revision: 2006 January2006 M35/M45
Trouble Diagnosis Chart for SymptomsNDS000DK
If AWD warning lamp turns ON, perform self-diagnosis. Refer to TF-22, "SELF-DIAG RESULT MODE" .
NOTE:
Light tight-corner braking symptom may occur depending on driving conditions. This is not malfunction.
AWD Control Unit Input/Output Signal Reference ValuesNDS000DL
AWD CONTROL UNIT INSPECTION TABLE
Specifications with CONSULT-II
Symptom Condition Check item Reference page
AWD warning lamp does not turn ON when
the ignition switch is turned to ON.
(AWD warning lamp check)Ignition switch: ONCAN communication line
TF-33
Unified meter and A/C amp.
Unified meter control unit
AWD warning lamp does not turn OFF sev-
eral seconds after engine started.Engine runningCAN communication line
TF-33
Power supply and ground for AWD con-
trol unit
Unified meter and A/C amp.
Unified meter control unit
AWD solenoid
AWD actuator relay (integrated in AWD
control unit)
Wheel sensor
Heavy tight-corner braking symptom occurs
when the vehicle is driven and the steering
wheel is turned fully to either side after the
engine is started. (See NOTE.)
While driving
Steering wheel is
turned fully to either
sidesCAN communication line
TF-35Accelerator pedal position signal
AWD solenoid
Mechanical malfunction of electric con-
trolled coupling (clutch sticking etc.)
Vehicle does not enter AWD mode even
though AWD warning lamp turned to OFF.While drivingCAN communication line
TF-36
AWD solenoid
Mechanical malfunction of electric con-
trolled coupling (Mechanical engage-
ment of clutch is not possible.)
While driving, AWD warning lamp flashes
rapidly. (When flashing in approx. 1 minute
and then turning OFF.)
Rapid flashing: 2 times/secondWhile drivingProtection function is activated due to
heavy load to electric controlled cou-
pling. (AWD system is not malfunction-
ing. Also, optional distribution of torque
sometimes becomes rigid before lamp
flashes rapidly, but it is not malfunction.)TF-37
While driving, AWD warning lamp flashes
slowly. (When continuing to flash until turn-
ing ignition switch OFF)
Slow flashing: 1 time/2 secondsWhile driving
Vehicle speed: 20 km/h
(12 MPH) or moreTire size is different between front and
rear of vehicle.TF-37
Monitor item [Unit] Content Condition Display value
FR RH SENSOR [km/h] or [mph]Wheel speed (Front wheel
right)Vehicle stopped 0.00 km/h (0.00 mph)
Vehicle running
CAUTION:
Check air pressure of tire under
standard condition.Approximately equal to
the indication on speed-
ometer (Inside of
10%)
FR LH SENSOR [km/h] or [mph]Wheel speed (Front wheel
left)Vehicle stopped 0.00 km/h (0.00 mph)
Vehicle running
CAUTION:
Check air pressure of tire under
standard condition.Approximately equal to
the indication on speed-
ometer (Inside of
10%)

TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS
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*1 : The values are changed by throttle opening and engine speed.
*2 : Mode switch is not equipped, but displayed.
CONSULT-II Function (ALL MODE AWD/4WD)NDS000DM
FUNCTION
CONSULT-II can display each diagnostic item using the diagnostic test modes shown following.
RR RH SENSOR [km/h] or [mph]Wheel speed (Rear wheel
right)Vehicle stopped 0.00 km/h (0.00 mph)
Vehicle running
CAUTION:
Check air pressure of tire under
standard condition.Approximately equal to
the indication on speed-
ometer (Inside of
10%)
RR LH SENSOR [km/h] or [mph]Wheel speed (Rear wheel
left)Vehicle stopped 0.00 km/h (0.00 mph)
Vehicle running
CAUTION:
Check air pressure of tire under
standard condition.Approximately equal to
the indication on speed-
ometer (Inside of
10%)
BATTERY VOLT [V]Power supply voltage for
AWD control unitIgnition switch: ON Battery voltage
THRTL POS SEN [%] Throttle opening conditionWhen depressing accelerator pedal
(Value rises gradually in response to
throttle position.)0 - 100%
ETS SOLENOID [A]Monitored value of current at
AWD solenoidEngine running
At idle speedApprox. 0.000A
Engine running
When depressing accelerator
pedalApprox. 0.000 - 0.500A*1
STOP LAMP SW [ON/OFF]Condition of brake pedal
operationBrake pedal: Depressed ON
Brake pedal: Released OFF
ENG SPEED SIG [RUN/STOP] Condition of engine runningEngine stopped
(Engine speed: Less than 400 rpm)STOP
Engine running
(Engine speed: 400 rpm or more)RUN
ETS ACTUATOR [ON/OFF]Operating condition of AWD
actuator relay (integrated in
AWD control unit)Engine stopped (Ignition
switch: ON)OFF
Engine running ON
4WD WARN LAMP [ON/OFF] AWD warning lamp conditionAWD warning lamp: ON ON
AWD warning lamp: OFF OFF
4WD MODE SW*
2 [AUTO]Input condition from mode
switchAlways AUTO
4WD MODE MON [AUTO] Control status of AWD Engine running AUTO
DIS-TIRE MONI [mm]Improper size tire installed
conditionVehicle running with normal size tire
installed0-4 mm
Vehicle running with improper size
tire installed (Front/rear tire size dif-
ference, wear condition)4-8 mm, 8- mm
P BRAKE SW [ON/OFF] Condition of parking brakeParking brake operated ON
Parking brake not operated OFF Monitor item [Unit] Content Condition Display value
Diagnostic test mode FunctionReference
page
Self-diagnostic results
Self-diagnostic results can be read and erased quickly.TF-22
Data monitorInput/Output data in the AWD control unit can be read.TF-24