2001 TOYOTA HIGHLANDER change time
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G36776
Purge VSV
Vent Valve
Vacuum Pump
EVAP Pressure
Positive
Leak Pressure
sec NegativeONON
Sequence
TimeA
10
sec60
Within 15 minutesON
First 0.02 inch
BCD
OK
Malfunction
ON: Open
OFF: Closed
OFF: Vent ON: Closed
10
Standard
sec60
E EVAP Pressure when Purge VSV Stuck Closed:
A71563
EVAP Pressure
During Purge Flow Monitor:
VSV
EVAP
PressureOpen
1st
Monitor2nd
Monitor
ON (closed)
Purge
Valve Vent
OK
OK
Malfunction
0.1 kPa
0.5 kPa
- DIAGNOSTICSSFI SYSTEM (2AZ-FE)
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389 Author: Date:
2005 HIGHLANDER REPAIR MANUAL (RM1144U)
(b) Purge VSV stuck closed
In operation D, the pressure sensor measures the EVAP system pressure. The pressure measurement for
purge VSV monitor is begun when the purge VSV is turned ON (open) after the EVAP leak check. When
the measured pressure indicates an increase of 0.3 kPa (2.25 mmHg) or more, the purge VSV is functioning
normally. If the pressure does not increase, the ECM interprets this as the purge VSV being stuck closed.
The ECM illuminates the MIL and sets the DTC (2 trip detection logic).
2. PURGE FLOW MONITOR
The purge flow monitor consists of the two step monitors. The
1st monitor is conducted every time and the 2nd monitor is acti-
vated if necessary.
The 1st monitor
While the engine is running and the purge VSV
(Vacuum Switching Valve) is ON (open), the ECM
monitors the purge flow by measuring the EVAP
pressure change. If negative pressure is not
created, the ECM begins the 2nd monitor.
The 2nd monitor
The vent valve is turned ON (closed) and the EVAP
pressure is then measured. If the variation in the
pressure is less than 0.5 kPa (3.75 mmHg), the
ECM interprets this as the purge VSV being stuck
closed, and illuminates the MIL and sets DTC
P0441 (2 trip detection logic).
Atmospheric pressure check:
In order to ensure reliable malfunction detection, the variation
between the atmospheric pressures, before and after conduc-
tion of the purge flow monitor, is measured by the ECM.
Page 1768 of 2572
05-200
- DIAGNOSTICSSFI SYSTEM (2AZ-FE)
390 Author: Date:
2005 HIGHLANDER REPAIR MANUAL (RM1144U)
OBD II MONITOR SPECIFICATIONS (Key-off Monitor)
Monitor Strategy
Required Sensors/ComponentsPurge VSV and pump module
Frequency of OperationOnce per driving cycle
DurationWithin 15 minutes (varies with fuel in tank)
MIL Operation2 driving cycles
Sequence of OperationNone
Typical Enabling Conditions
The monitor will run whenever these DTCs are not presentSee page 05-16
EVAP key-off monitor runs when all of the following condi-
tions met-
Atmospheric pressure525 to 825 mmHg (70 to 110 kPa)
Battery voltage10.5 V or more
Vehicle speedBelow 4 km/h (2.5 mph)
Ignition switchOFF
Engine conditionNot running
Time after engine stopped5 hours
FTP sensor malfunction (P0450, P0452, P0453)Not detected
Purge VSVNot operated by scan tool
Vent valveNot operated by scan tool
Leak detection pumpNot operated by scan tool
Both of the following conditions are met before IG switch
OFF:Condition 1 and 2
1. Duration that vehicle is driven5 min. or more
2. Purge flowExecuted
ECT4.4 to 35C (40 to 95F)
IAT4.4 to 35C (40 to 95F)
Example of re-start time
First time7 hours
Second time9 hours and 30 min.
Key-of f monitor sequence: 1 to 8
1. Atmospheric pressure
Next sequence is run if following condition met-
Atmospheric pressure change for 10 sec.Within 2.25 mmHg (0.3 kPa) for 1 sec.
2. First reference pressure
Next sequence is run if all of following conditions metCondition 1, 2 and 3
1. FTP when 4 sec. after reference pressure measurement-7.5 mmHg (-1 kPa) or less
2. Reference pressure-36.47 to -7.93 mmHg (-4.85 to -1.057 kPa)
3. Reference pressureSaturated
3. Vent valve stuck closed check
Next sequence is run if following condition met-
FTP change for 10 sec. after vent valve ON (closed)2.25 mmHg (0.3 kPa) or more
4. Vacuum introduction and leak
Next sequence is run if both of following conditions metCondition 1 and 2
1. Vacuum introduction timeWithin 15 min.
2. FTPFTP was saturated
5. Purge VSV stuck closed check
Next sequence is run if following condition met-
FTP change for 10 sec. after purge VSV ON (open)2.25 mmHg (0.3 kPa) or more
Page 1775 of 2572
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- DIAGNOSTICSSFI SYSTEM (3MZ-FE)
758 Author: Date:
2005 HIGHLANDER REPAIR MANUAL (RM1144U)
MONITOR STRATEGY
Related DTCs
P0442: EVAP 0.04 inch leak
P0455: EVAP gross leak
P0456: EVAP 0.02 inch leak
Required sensors / components (Main)CCV, EVAP canister, EVAP hose, Fuel cap, Fuel tank and Purge VSV
Required sensors / components (Related)ECT sensor, FTP sensor, IAT sensor, MAF meter, Vehicle speed sensor
Frequency of operationOnce per driving cycle
DurationWithin 90 seconds
MIL operation2 driving cycles
Sequence operationNone
TYPICAL ENABLING CONDITIONS
All:
The monitor will run whenever these DTCs are not presentSee page 05-377
AltitudeLess than 7,870 ft. (2,400 m)
Battery voltage11 V or more
Throttle position learningCompleted
IAT at engine start - ECT at engine start-7 to 11.1C (-12.6 to 20F)
EVAP VSV and CCVNot operated test by scan tool
Either of the following conditions is metCondition 1 or 2
1. Purge duty cycle8% or more (vary with MAF)
2. Purge concentration for 30 seconds-5 %/% or more when vehicle speed is less than 10 km/h (6.25 mph)
RefuelNot refueled with engine running
FTP12.75 mmHg (-1.7 kPa) or more
EVAP 0.02 inch leak P0456:
ECT at engine start4.4 to 32C (39.9 to 89.6F)
IAT at engine start4.4 to 32C (39.9 to 89.6F)
IAT4.4C (39.9F) or more
Vehicle speed changeVehicle is driven by steady speed
Fuel sloshNo sloshing (i.e. fairly smooth road)
Time after engine startWithin 50 minutes
FTP change before vacuum introductionMinimum change
Fuel levelLess than 90 %
0.04 inch leakNot detected
CCV malfunctionNot detected
Vehicle speedLess than 81.25 mph (130 km/h)
Purge VSV malfunctionNot detected
Others:
ECT at engine start4.4 to 35C (39.9 to 95F)
IAT at engine start4.4 to 35C (39.9 to 95F)
IAT4.4C (39.9F) or more
Vehicle speed changeVehicle is driven by steady speed
Fuel sloshNo sloshing (i.e. fairly smooth road)
Time after engine startWithin 50 minutes
FTP change before vacuum introductionMinimum change
Fuel levelLess than 90 %
Page 1778 of 2572
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2005 HIGHLANDER REPAIR MANUAL (RM1144U)
MONITOR STRATEGY
Related DTCsP0446: CCV stuck open
P0446: CCV stuck close
Required sensors / components (Main)CCV, EVAP canister, EVAP hose, Fuel cap, Fuel tank and Purge VSV
Required sensors / components (Related)ECT sensor, FTP sensor, IAT sensor, MAF meter, Vehicle speed sensor
Frequency of operationOnce per driving cycle
DurationWithin 60 seconds
MIL operation2 driving cycles
Sequence operationNone
TYPICAL ENABLING CONDITIONS
The monitor will run whenever these DTCs are not presentSee page 05-377
AltitudeLess than 7,870 ft. (2,400 m)
Battery voltage11 V or more
Throttle position learningCompleted
IAT at engine start - ECT at engine start-7 to 11.1C (-12.6 to 20F)
EVAP VSV and CCVNot operated test by scan tool
Either of the following conditions is metCondition 1 or 2
1. Purge duty cycle8% or more (vary with MAF)
2. Purge concentration for 30 seconds-5 %/% or more when vehicle speed is less than 10 km/h (6.25 mph)
RefuelNot refueled with engine running
FTP12.75 mmHg (-1.7 kPa) or more
ECT at engine start4.4 to 35C (39.9 to 95F)
IAT at engine start4.4 to 35C (39.9 to 95F)
IAT4.4C (39.9F) or more
Vehicle speed changeVehicle is driven by steady speed
Fuel sloshNo sloshing (i.e. fairly smooth road)
Time after engine startWithin 50 minutes
FTP change before vacuum introductionMinimum change
Fuel levelLess than 90 %
TYPICAL MALFUNCTION THRESHOLDS
CCV stuck close P0446:
Duration that the following conditions 1 and 2 are met:4 seconds or more
1. Accumulated purge volume0.5 g or more
2. FTPLess than -12.75 mmHg (-1.7 kPa)
CCV stuck open P0446:
Purge VSV stuck closedDetected
Page 1782 of 2572
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- DIAGNOSTICSSFI SYSTEM (2AZ-FE)
394 Author: Date:
2005 HIGHLANDER REPAIR MANUAL (RM1144U)
OBD II MONITOR SPECIFICATIONS
Monitor Strategy
Required Sensors/ComponentsPump module
Frequency of OperationOnce per driving cycle: P0451 FTP sensor output ºStuckº
Continuous: P0451 FTP sensor ºNoiseº, P0450, P0452 and P0453
Duration0.5 sec.: P0450, P0452 and P0453
10 sec.: P0451
MIL OperationImmediate: P0450, P0452 and P0453
2 driving cycles: P0451
Sequence of OperationNone
Typical Enabling Conditions
P0451: FTP sensor ºNoiseº
Monitor runs whenever these DTCs are not presentSee page 05-16
Atmospheric pressure (absolute pressure)70 kPa (525 mmHg) or more, less than 110 kPa (825 mmHg)
Battery voltage10.5 V or more
Intake air temperature4.4 to 35C (40 to 95F)
FTP sensor malfunction (P0450, P0452, P0453)Not detected
Either of following conditions is met:Condition 1 or 2
1. EngineRunning
2. Time after engine stopped5 hours
Example of re-start time
First time7 hours
Second time9 hours and 30 min.
P0451: FTP sensor output ºStuckº
Monitor runs whenever these DTCs are not presentSee page 05-16
Battery voltage10.5 V or more
Intake air temperature4.4 to 35C (40 to 95F)
FTP sensor malfunction (P0450, P0452, P0453)Not detected
Atmospheric pressure (absolute pressure)Less than 70 kPa (525 mmHg), or 110 kPa (825 mmHg) or more
Time after engine stopped5 hours
Example of re-start time
First time7 hours
Second time9 hours and 30 min.
P0450, P0452 and P0453:
Monitor runs whenever these DTCs are not presentSee page 05-16
Ignition switchON
Battery voltage8 V or more
StarterOFF
Typical Malfunction Thresholds
P0450: Pressure sensor chattering
Pressure sensor voltageLess than 0.45 V, or more than 4.9 V
P0451: FTP sensor ºNoiseº
Frequency that FTP change is 2.25 mmHg (0.3 kPa) or
more10 times or more in 10 sec.
P0451: FTP sensor output ºStuckº
FTP change for 10 sec. during EVAP monitor (Reference
pressure)Less than 4.88 mmHg (0.65 kPa)
P0452: Pressure sensor low voltage
Pressure sensor voltageLess than 0.45 V
Page 1789 of 2572
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2005 HIGHLANDER REPAIR MANUAL (RM1144U)
DTC P0451 EVAPORATIVE EMISSION CONTROL
SYSTEM PRESSURE SENSOR
RANGE/PERFORMANCE
DTC P0452 EVAPORATIVE EMISSION CONTROL
SYSTEM PRESSURE SENSOR/SWITCH
LOW INPUT
DTC P0453 EVAPORATIVE EMISSION CONTROL
SYSTEM PRESSURE SENSOR/SWITCH
HIGH INPUT
MONITOR DESCRIPTION
DTC ºP0451, P0452 or P0453º is recorded by the ECM when the vapor pressure sensor malfunctions.
P0451
The ECM monitors the vapor pressure sensor in two ways. One method examines the fluctuation of the elec-
trical signal while the engine is idling. If the pressure signal varies beyond the specified range more than 7
times, the ECM interprets this as a fault in the vapor pressure sensor. The ECM also verifies that the pressure
signal changes within the specified range. If the output of the sensor does not vary for 5 minutes while the
intake air amount has been changing, the ECM interprets this as a fault in the vapor pressure sensor. DTC
P0451 will be set when either of the faults occurs and the ECM will turn on the MIL.
P0452 and P0453
When pressure indicated by the vapor pressure sensor deviates below -3.999 kPa (-30 mmHg) or above
1.999 kPa (15 mmHg), the ECM interprets this as a malfunction in the vapor pressure sensor. The ECM will
turn on the MIL and a DTC will be set.
05EXW-05
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2005 HIGHLANDER REPAIR MANUAL (RM1144U)DTC No.
DTC Detection ConditionTrouble Area
P0451
Vapor pressure sensor output changes extremely under these
conditions:
Vapor pressure sensor output changes often while vehicle
speed is 0 km/h (0 mph) and the engine is idling 5 to 10 se-
conds (2 trip detection logic)
Vapor pressure sensor output is stuck 5 minutes (2 trip detec-
tion logic)
Open or short in vapor pressure sensor circuit
Vapor pressure sensor
ECM
P0452Vapor pressure sensor output remains less than -30 mmHg
(2 trip detection logic)Open or short in vapor pressure sensor circuit
Vapor pressure sensor
ECM
P0453Vapor pressure sensor output remains more than 15 mmHg
(2 trip detection logic)Open or short in vapor pressure sensor circuit
Vapor pressure sensor
ECM
MONITOR STRATEGY
Related DTCs
P0451: FTP Sensor Noise
P0451: FTP Sensor Stuck
P0452: FTP Sensor Range Check (Low voltage)
P0453: FTP Sensor Range Check (High voltage)
Required sensors / components (Main)FTP sensor
Required sensors / components (Related)ECT sensor, IAT sensor
Frequency of operationOnce per driving cycle
Duration
7 seconds: FTP Sensor Range Check
45 seconds: FTP Sensor Noise
5 minutes: FTP Sensor Stuck
MIL operation2 driving cycles
Sequence operationNone
TYPICAL ENABLING CONDITIONS
All:
The monitor will run whenever these DTCs are not presentSee page 05-377
FTP Sensor Noise P0451:
Altitude7,870 ft. (2,400 m) or less
Battery voltage11 V or more
Throttle position learningCompleted
FTP sensor malfunction (P0452, P0453)Not detected
IAT at engine start - ECT at engine start-7 to 11.1C (-12.6 to 20F)
EVAP VSV, CCVNot operated by scan tool
ECT at engine start4.4 to 35C (40 to 95F)
IAT at engine start4.4 to 35C (40 to 95F)
FTP Sensor Stuck P0451:
Altitude7,870 ft. (2,400 m) or less
Battery voltage11 V or more
Throttle position learningCompleted
FTP sensor malfunction (P0452, P0453)Not detected
IAT at engine start - ECT at engine start-7 to 11.1C (-12.6 to 20F)
EVAP VSV, CCVNot operated by scan tool
ECT at engine start4.4 to 35C (40 to 95F)
IAT at engine start4.4 to 35C (40 to 95F)
Time after engine start5 seconds or more
0.04 inch leakNot detected
0.02 inch leakNot detected
CCV malfunctionNot detected
Page 1792 of 2572
A76903
E2 (-) VC (+)E7
ECM
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- DIAGNOSTICSSFI SYSTEM (3MZ-FE)
766 Author: Date:
2005 HIGHLANDER REPAIR MANUAL (RM1144U)
FTP Sensor Range Check P0452,P0453:
ECT at engine start10 to 35C (50 to 95F)
IAT at engine start10 to 35C (50 to 95F)
IAT at engine start - ECT at engine startLess than 12C (21.6F)
Engine conditionRunning
TYPICAL MALFUNCTION THRESHOLDS
FTP Sensor Noise P0451:
Frequency that FTP change6 times or more
FTP Sensor Stuck P0451:
FTP changeNo change for 5 minutes
FTP Sensor Range Check (Low voltage) P0452:
FTPLess than -30 mmHg (-3.999 kPa)
FTP Sensor Range Check (High voltage) P0453:
FTP15 mmHg (1.999 kPa) or more
COMPONENT OPERATING RANGE
FTP-26 to 11 mmHg (-3.5 to 1.5 kPa) or more [734 to 771 mmHg]
WIRING DIAGRAM
Refer to the EVAP INSPECTION PROCEDURE (see page 05-679).
INSPECTION PROCEDURE
HINT:
If DTCs related to different system that have terminal E2 as the ground terminal are output simulta-
neously, terminal E2 may have an open circuit.
Always troubleshoot DTCs P0441 (purge flow), P0446 (VSV for CCV), P0451, P0452 and P0453
(evaporative pressure sensor) before troubleshooting DTCs P0442, P0455 or P0456.
Read freeze frame data using the hand-held tester or the OBD II scan tool. Freeze frame data records
the engine conditions when a malfunction is detected. When troubleshooting, it is useful for determin-
ing whether the vehicle was running or stopped, the engine was warmed up or not, the air-fuel ratio
was lean or rich, etc. at the time the malfunction occured.
When the ENGINE RUN TIME in the freeze frame data is less than 200 seconds, carefully check the
vapor pressure sensor.
1 INSPECT ECM (VC VOLTAGE)
(a) Turn the ignition switch ON.
(b) Check the voltage of the ECM connector.
Standard:
Tester ConnectionSpecified Condition
E7-18 (VC) - E7-28 (E2)4.5 to 5.5 V
NG REPLACE ECM (See page 10-24)
OK