2001 NISSAN ALMERA N16 ECU

The security indicator is located on the combi meter. The indicator
blinks when the ignition switch is in ªOFFº or ªACCº position.
Therefore, NATS warns outsiders that the vehicle is equipped with
the anti-theft system.
+When NATS detects trouble, the security indicator lamp lights
up while ignition switch is in ªONº position.
This lighting up indicates that the anti-theft is not functioning,
so prompt service is required.
+When servicing NATS (trouble diagnoses, system initialization
and additional registration of other NATS ignition key IDs),
CONSULT-II hardware and CONSULT-II NATS software is
necessary.
Regarding the procedures of NATS initialization and NATS
ignition key ID registration, refer to CONSULT-II operation
manual, NATS.
Therefore, CONSULT-II NATS software (program card and
operation manual) must be kept strictly confidential to main-
tain the integrity of the anti-theft function.
+When servicing NATS (trouble diagnoses, system initialization
and additional registration of other NATS ignition key IDs), it
may be necessary to re-register original key identification.
Therefore, be sure to receive all keys from vehicle owner. A
maximum of five key IDs can be registered into NATS.
+When failing to start the engine first time using the key of
NATS, start as follows.
a) Leave the ignition key in ªONº position for approximately 5
seconds.
b) Turn ignition key to ªOFFº or ªLOCKº position and wait approxi-
mately 5 seconds.
c) Repeat step 1 and 2 again.
d) Restart the engine while keeping the key separate from any
others on key-chain.
SGI285
GENERAL PRECAUTIONSNJGI0001S03+Do not operate the engine for an extended period of time
without proper exhaust ventilation.
Keep the work area well ventilated and free of any inflammable
materials. Special care should be taken when handling any
inflammable or poisonous materials, such as gasoline, refrig-
erant gas, etc. When working in a pit or other enclosed area,
be sure to properly ventilate the area before working with haz-
ardous materials.
Do not smoke while working on the vehicle.
SGI231
+Before jacking up the vehicle, apply wheel chocks or other tire
blocks to the wheels to prevent the vehicle from moving. After
jacking up the vehicle, support the vehicle weight with safety
stands at the points designated for proper lifting before work-
ing on the vehicle.
These operations should be done on a level surface.
+When removing a heavy component such as the engine or
transaxle, be careful not to lose your balance and drop them.
Also, do not allow them to strike adjacent parts, especially the
brake tubes and master cylinder.
PRECAUTIONS
Precautions (Cont'd)
GI-4

SMA020D
+To reinstall the rubber hose securely, make sure of hose inser-
tion length and clamp orientation. (If tube is equipped with
hose stopper, insert rubber hose into tube until it butts up
against hose stopper.)
SMA021D
Hose ClampingNJGI0001S0602+If old rubber hose is re-used, install hose clamp in its original
position (at the indentation where the old clamp was). If there
is a trace of tube bulging left on the old rubber hose, align
rubber hose at that position.
+Discard old clamps; replace with new ones.
SMA022D
+After installing leaf spring clamps, apply force to them in the
direction of the arrow, tightening rubber hose equally all
around.
PRECAUTIONS FOR ENGINE OILSNJGI0001S07Prolonged and repeated contact with used engine oil may cause
skin cancer. Try to avoid direct skin contact with used oil.
If skin contact is made, wash thoroughly with soap or hand cleaner
as soon as possible.
Health Protection PrecautionsNJGI0001S0701+Avoid prolonged and repeated contact with oils, particularly
used engine oils.
+Wear protective clothing, including impervious gloves where
practicable.
+Do not put oily rags in pockets.
+Avoid contaminating clothes, particularly underclothing, with
oil.
+Heavily soiled clothing and oil-impregnated footwear should
not be worn. Overalls must be cleaned regularly.
+First Aid treatment should be obtained immediately for open
cuts and wounds.
+Use barrier creams, applying them before each work period, to
help the removal of oil from the skin.
+Wash with soap and water to ensure all oil is removed (skin
cleansers and nail brushes will help). Preparations containing
lanolin replace the natural skin oils which have been removed.
PRECAUTIONS
Precautions (Cont'd)
GI-7

no voltage; short is further down the circuit than the relay.
5) With SW1 closed, relay contacts jumped with fused jumper
wire check for voltage.
voltage; short is down the circuit of the relay or between the
relay and the disconnected solenoid (point C).
no voltage; retrace steps and check power to fuse block.
GROUND INSPECTIONNJGI0005S0304Ground connections are very important to the proper operation of
electrical and electronic circuits. Ground connections are often
exposed to moisture, dirt and other corrosive elements. The corro-
sion (rust) can become an unwanted resistance. This unwanted
resistance can change the way a circuit works.
Electronically controlled circuits are very sensitive to proper
grounding. A loose or corroded ground can drastically affect an
electronically controlled circuit. A poor or corroded ground can eas-
ily affect the circuit. Even when the ground connection looks clean,
there can be a thin film of rust on the surface.
When inspecting a ground connection follow these rules:
1) Remove the ground bolt or screw.
2) Inspect all mating surfaces for tarnish, dirt, rust, etc.
3) Clean as required to assure good contact.
4) Reinstall bolt or screw securely.
5) Inspect for ªadd-onº accessories which may be interfering with
the ground circuit.
6) If several wires are crimped into one ground eyelet terminal,
check for proper crimps. Make sure all of the wires are clean,
securely fastened and providing a good ground path. If multiple
wires are cased in one eyelet make sure no ground wires have
excess wire insulation.
SGI853
VOLTAGE DROP TESTSNJGI0005S0305Voltage drop tests are often used to find components or circuits
which have excessive resistance. A voltage drop in a circuit is
caused by a resistancewhen the circuit is in operation.
Check the wire in the illustration. When measuring resistance with
ohmmeter, contact by a single strand of wire will give reading of 0
ohms. This would indicate a good circuit. When the circuit operates,
this single strand of wire is not able to carry the current. The single
HOW TO PERFORM EFFICIENT DIAGNOSES FOR AN ELECTRICAL INCIDENT
Circuit Inspection (Cont'd)
GI-27

NJGI0007
Function and System ApplicationNJGI0007S05
Diagnostic
test modeFunction ENGINE A/T ABS AIR BAGSMART
EN-
TRANCENATS*1NAVIGA-
TION
Work sup-
portThis mode enables a technician to
adjust some devices faster and
more accurate by following the indi-
cations on CONSULT-II.x ÐÐÐXÐÐ
Self-diag-
nostic
resultsSelf-diagnostic results can be read
and erased quickly.x x x xÐxÐ
Trouble
diagnostic
recordCurrent self-diagnostic results and
all trouble diagnostic records previ-
ously stored can be read.ÐÐÐ x ÐÐÐ
ECU dis-
criminated
No.Classification number of a replace-
ment ECU can be read to prevent
an incorrect ECU from being
installed.ÐÐÐ x ÐÐÐ
Data monitorInput/Output data in the ECU
(ECM) can be read.x x xÐxÐÐ
Data monitor
(Spec.)The specified values will be dis-
played when an OK/NG judgement
is difficult for the DATA MONITOR
items by Barchart and Line Graph.X ÐÐÐÐÐÐ
DTC work
supportThis mode enables a technician to
set operating conditions to confirm
self-diagnoses status/results.x*2x ÐÐÐÐÐ
Active testDiagnostic Test Mode in which
CONSULT-II drives some actuators
apart from the ECMs and also
shifts some parameters in a speci-
fied range.xÐxÐxÐÐ
ECU (ECM)
part numberECU (ECM) part number can be
read.x x x ÐÐÐÐ
Control unit
initializationAll registered ignition key IDs in
NATS components can be initial-
ized and new IDs can be regis-
tered.ÐÐÐÐÐ x Ð
PIN
INITIALIZA-
TIONNavigation system will be locked
when the vehicle's owner enters
the wrong PIN five consecutive
times.
To release the lock, use ªPIN INI-
TIALIZATIONº.ÐÐÐÐÐÐ x
NAVI ID
INITIALIZA-
TIONIn nomal times regulation codes are
being communicated between Navi-
gation Control Unit and Dongle
Control Unit.
Use ªNAVI ID INITIALIZATIONº to
match the codes when either one
has been replaced due to break-
down or etc.ÐÐÐÐÐÐ x
x: Applicable
*1: NATS (Nissan Anti-Theft System)
*2: For models with Euro-OBD system
CONSULT-II CHECKING SYSTEM
Function and System Application
GI-35

NJMA0004
General maintenance includes those items which should be checked during the normal day-to-day operation
of the vehicle. They are essential if the vehicle is to continue operating properly. The owners can perform the
checks and inspections themselves or they can have their NISSAN dealers do them for a nominal charge.
OUTSIDE THE VEHICLE
The maintenance items listed here should be performed from time to time, unless otherwise specified.
Item Reference page
TiresCheck the pressure with a gauge periodically when at a service station,
including the spare, and adjust to the specified pressure if necessary. Check
carefully for damage, cuts or excessive wear.Ð
Windshield wiper
bladesCheck for cracks or wear if not functioning correctly. Ð
Doors and engine
hoodCheck that all doors, the engine hood, the trunk lid and back door operate
properly. Also ensure that all latches lock securely. Lubricate if necessary.
Make sure that the secondary latch keeps the hood from opening when the
primary latch is released.
When driving in areas using road salt or other corrosive materials, check for
lubrication frequently.BT-7
BT-16
Tire rotationTires should be rotated every 10,000 km (6,000 miles). SU-7
INSIDE THE VEHICLE
The maintenance items listed here should be checked on a regular basis, such as when performing periodic maintenance, cleaning the
vehicle, etc.
Item Reference page
LampsMake sure that the headlamps, stop lamps, tail lamps, turn signal lamps,
and other lamps are all operating properly and installed securely. Also check
headlamp aim.Ð
Warning lamps and
chimesMake sure that all warning lamps and buzzers/chimes are operating prop-
erly.Ð
Steering wheelCheck that it has the specified play.
Check for changes in the steering conditions, such as excessive free play,
hard steering or strange noises.
Free play: Less than 35 mm (1.38 in)Ð
Seat beltsCheck that all parts of the seat belt system (e.g. buckles, anchors, adjusters
and retractors) operate properly and smoothly, and are installed securely.
Check the belt webbing for cuts, fraying, wear or damage.RS-4
UNDER THE HOOD AND VEHICLE
The maintenance items listed here should be checked periodically e.g. each time you check the engine oil or refuel.
Item Reference page
Windshield washer
fluidCheck that there is adequate fluid in the tank. Ð
Engine coolant levelCheck the coolant level when the engine is cold. LC-18, LC-43
Engine oil levelCheck the level after parking the vehicle (on level ground) and turning off
the engine.LC-8, LC-30
Brake and clutch
fluid levelsMake sure that the brake and clutch fluid levels are between the ªMAXº and
ªMINº lines on the reservoir.BR-7
BatteryCheck the fluid level in each cell. It should be between the ªMAXº and ªMINº
lines.Ð
GENERAL MAINTENANCE
MA-3

SEM933F
3. Install crankshaft and main bearing caps and tighten bolts to
the specified torque.
+Apply new engine oil to the bolt thread and seat surface.
+Prior to tightening bearing cap bolts, shift crankshaft back
and forth to properly seat the bearing caps.
+Tighten bearing cap bolts gradually in two or three stages.
Start with center bearing and move outward as shown in
figure.
+After securing bearing cap bolts, make sure crankshaft
turns smoothly by hand.
SEM116F
4. Measure crankshaft end play.
Crankshaft end play:
Standard
0.060 - 0.260 mm (0.0024 - 0.0102 in)
Limit
0.3 mm (0.012 in)
If beyond the limit, replace thrust bearing with new ones.
SEM168D
5. Install connecting rod bearings in connecting rods and con-
necting rod caps.
+Confirm that correct bearings are used. Refer to EM-58.
+Install bearings so that oil hole in connecting rod aligns
with oil hole of bearing.
+Apply new engine oil to bolt threads and bearing surfaces.
SEM942F
6. Install pistons with connecting rods.
a. Install them into corresponding cylinders with Tool.
+Make sure connecting rod does not scratch cylinder wall.
+Make sure connecting rod bolts do not scratch crankshaft
pin journals.
+Arrange so that front mark on piston head faces engine.
+Apply new engine oil to piston rings and sliding surface
of piston.
SEM943F
b. Install connecting rod caps.
Apply new engine oil to bolt threads and nut seating surfaces.
Tighten connecting rod cap nuts in the following procedure:
+Tighten to 13.72 to 15.68 N´m (1.399 to 1.599 kg-m, 10.120
to 11.566 ft-lb).
+Turn nuts to 35É to 40É degrees clockwise with an angle
wrench. If an angle wrench is not available, tighten nuts to
23 to 28 N´m (2.3 to 2.9 kg-m, 17 to 21 ft-lb).
CYLINDER BLOCKQG
Assembly (Cont'd)
EM-62

REMOVALNJEM0094S011. Remove engine and transaxle assembly. Refer to EM-136,
ªENGINE ASSEMBLYº.
2. Remove transaxle from engine. Place engine onto engine
stand (SST). Refer to EM-140, ªCYLINDER BLOCKº, ªDisas-
semblyº.
3. Remove the following parts:
+Oil pan (upper and lower)
Refer to EM-88, ªOIL PANº.
+Oil filter bracket
Refer to LC-31, ªOil Filter Bracketº.
+Injection tube
Refer to EC-509, ªInjection Tube and Injection Nozzleº.
4. Remove secondary timing chain and associated parts.
Refer to EM-93, ªSecondary Timing Chainº.
5. When removing rear chain case, remove camshaft sprockets.
Refer to EM-119, ªCAMSHAFTº.
JEM131G
6. Remove crankshaft pulley.
a. Hold crankshaft pulley with the pulley holder (SST).
b. Loosen crankshaft pulley fixing bolt and pull out the bolt
approximately 10 mm (0.39 in).
JEM132G
c. Using pulley puller (SST), remove crankshaft pulley.
+Use two M6 bolts with approx. 60 mm (2.36 in) shank length
for securing crankshaft pulley.
JEM133G
7. Remove oil pump.
+Loosen bolts in the reverse order of that shown in the figure
and remove them.
+Use seal cutter (SST) etc. for removal.
8. Remove front oil seal from oil pump.
+Punch out the seal off from the back surface of the oil pump
using a flat-bladed screwdriver.
+Be careful not to damage the oil pump.
TIMING CHAINYD
Primary Timing Chain (Cont'd)
EM-99

JEM158G
SEM301G
3. Heat cylinder head to 110 to 120ÉC (230 to 248ÉF) by soaking
in heated oil.
4. Sufficiently cool valve seat with dry ice. Force fit valve seat into
cylinder head.
WARNING:
Do not touch cold valve seat with your bare hands.
5. Cut or grind valve seat using suitable tool to the specified
dimensions as shown in SDS (EM-163).
CAUTION:
Use the valve seat cutter properly. Securely gripping the cut-
ter handle with both hands, press the cutter down onto the
entire circumference of the contacting surface and finish cut-
ting at one time. Improper pressing of the cutter or cutting in
several steps may result in staged surface on the valve seat.
6. After cutting, lap valve seat with abrasive compound.
7. Check valve seating condition. Refer to EM-125, ªValve Seatsº.
JEM253G
8. Use a depth gauge to measure the distance between the
mounting surface of the cylinder head spring seat and the
valve stem end. If the distance is shorter than specified, repeat
step 5 above to adjust it. If it is longer, replace the valve seat
with a new one.
Valve seat resurface limit ªLº:
Intake 36.53 - 36.98 mm (1.4382 - 1.4559 in)
Exhaust 36.53 - 37.01 mm (1.4382 - 1.4571 in)
CYLINDER HEADYD
Inspection (Cont'd)
EM-126