1999 LAND ROVER DEFENDER brake fluid

CONTENTS
01 INTRODUCTION
04 GENERAL SPECIFICATION DATA
05 ENGINE TUNING DATA
07 GENERAL FITTING REMINDERS
09 LUBRICANTS, FLUIDS AND CAPACITIES
10 MAINTENANCE
12 ENGINE
17 EMISSION CONTROL
18 ENGINE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
19 FUEL SYSTEM
26 COOLING SYSTEM
30 MANIFOLD AND EXHAUST SYSTEM
33 CLUTCH
37 MANUAL GEARBOX
41 TRANSFER GEARBOX
47 PROPELLER SHAFTS
57 STEERING
60 FRONT SUSPENSION
64 REAR SUSPENSION
70 BRAKES
76 CHASSIS AND BODY
77 PANEL REPAIRS
82 AIR CONDITIONING
84 WIPERS AND WASHERS
86 ELECTRICAL
88 INSTRUMENTS
01
04
05
07
09
10
12
17
18
19
26
30
33
37
41
47
57
60
64
70
76
77
82
84
86
88
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INTRODUCTION
1
INFORMATION INTRODUCTION
This Workshop Manual Supplement covers vehicles
from 1999 and 2002 model year onwards. The Body
Repair Manual has also been incorporated into this
supplement. Amendments and additional pages will
be issued, when necessary, to ensure that the
supplement covers latest models.
This Supplement is designed to assist skilled
technicians in the efficient repair and maintenance of
Land Rover Defender vehicles.
Individuals who undertake their own repairs should
have some skill and training, and limit repairs to
components which could not affect the safety of the
vehicle or its passengers. Any repairs required to
safety critical items such as steering, brakes,
suspension or supplementary restraint system should
be carried out by a Land Rover Dealer. Repairs to
such items should NEVER be attempted by untrained
individuals.
WARNINGS, CAUTIONSandNOTESare given
throughout this Manual in the following form:
WARNING: Procedures which must be
followed precisely to avoid the possibility
of personal injury.
CAUTION: This calls attention to
procedures which must be followed to
avoid damage to components.
NOTE: This calls attention to methods
which make a job easier or gives helpful
information.
DIMENSIONS
The dimensions quoted are to design engineering
specification. Alternative unit equivalents, shown in
brackets following the dimensions, have been
converted from the original specification.REFERENCES
References to the left or right hand side in the manual
are made when viewing the vehicle from the rear.
With the engine and gearbox assembly removed, the
crankshaft end of the engine is referred to as the front.
To reduce repetition, some operations covered in this
Supplement do not include reference to testing the
vehicle after repair.
It is essential that work is inspected and tested after
completion and if necessary a road test of the vehicle
is carried out, particularly where safety related items
are concerned.
REPAIRS AND REPLACEMENTS
When replacement parts are required it is essential
that Land Rover parts are used.
Attention is particularly drawn to the following points
concerning repairs and the fitting of replacement parts
and accessories: Safety features embodied in the
vehicle may be impaired if other than Land Rover
parts are fitted. In certain territories, legislation
prohibits the fitting of parts not to the vehicle
manufacturer’s specification. Torque spanner values
given in the Supplement must be strictly adhered to.
Locking devices, where specified, must be fitted. If the
efficiency of a locking device is impaired during
removal it must be replaced with a new one. Certain
fasteners must not be re-used. These fasteners are
specified in the Supplement.
POISONOUS SUBSTANCES
Many liquids and other substances used are
poisonous and therefore must not be consumed. It is
also advisable to keep all substances away from open
wounds. These substances among others include
anti-freeze, brake fluid, fuel, windscreen washer
additives, air conditioning refrigerant, lubricants and
various adhesives.
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INTRODUCTION
9
INFORMATION ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS USED IN THIS
MANUAL
Across flats (bolt size) AF............................................
After bottom dead centre ABDC...................................
After top dead centre ATDC.........................................
Alternating current a.c..................................................
Ampere amp................................................................
Ampere hour amp hr....................................................
Before bottom dead centre BBDC................................
Before top dead centre BTDC......................................
Bottom dead centre BDC.............................................
Brake horse power bhp................................................
British Standards BS....................................................
Carbon monoxide CO..................................................
Centimetre cm.............................................................
Centigrade (Celsius) C................................................
Cubic centimetre cm
3...................................................
Cubic inch in3...............................................................
Degree (angle) deg or° ...............................................
Degree (temperature) deg or° .....................................
Diameter dia................................................................
Direct current d.c..........................................................
Electronic Control Unit ECU........................................
Fahrenheit F.................................................................
Feet ft...........................................................................
Feet per minute ft/min..................................................
Fifth 5th........................................................................
First 1st........................................................................
Fluid ounce fl oz..........................................................
Foot pounds (torque) lbf.ft............................................
Fourth 4th.....................................................................
Gramme (force) gf........................................................
Gramme (mass) g........................................................
Gallons gal...................................................................
High tension (electrical) H.T.........................................
Internal diameter I.D....................................................
Inches of mercury in. Hg..............................................
Inches in......................................................................
Kilogramme (force) kgf.................................................
Kilogramme (mass.) kg................................................
Kilogramme centimetre (torque) kgf.cm.......................
Kilogramme per square millimetre kgf/mm
2.................
Kilogramme per square centimetre kgf/cm2.................
Kilogramme metres (torque) kgf.m..............................
Kilometres km..............................................................
Kilometres per hour km/h.............................................
Kilovolts kV...................................................................
Left-hand LH................................................................
Left-hand steering LHStg.............................................
Left-hand thread LHThd...............................................
Litres litre.....................................................................Low tension l.t..............................................................
Maximum max.............................................................
Metre m........................................................................
Millilitre ml....................................................................
Millimetre mm...............................................................
Miles per gallon mpg....................................................
Miles per hour mph......................................................
Minute (angle)’ ............................................................
Minus (of tolerance) -...................................................
Negative (electrical) -...................................................
Newton metres (torque) Nm........................................
Number No..................................................................
Ohms ohm...................................................................
Ounces (force) ozf.......................................................
Ounces (mass) oz........................................................
Outside diameter O.D..................................................
Part number Part No....................................................
Percentage %...............................................................
Pints pt.........................................................................
Plus (tolerance) +.........................................................
Positive (electrical) +....................................................
Pound (force) lbf..........................................................
Pounds inch (torque) lbf.in...........................................
Pound (mass) lb...........................................................
Pounds per square inch P.S.I......................................
Ratio :...........................................................................
Reference ref...............................................................
Revolution per minute rev/min.....................................
Right-hand RH.............................................................
Second (angle) "...........................................................
Second (numerical order) 2nd......................................
Specific gravity sp.gr....................................................
Square centimetres cm
2...............................................
Square inches in2.........................................................
Standard wire gauge s.w.g..........................................
Synchroniser/Synchromesh synchro...........................
Third 3rd.......................................................................
Top dead centre TDC..................................................
United Kingdom UK......................................................
Vehicle Identification Number VIN...............................
Volts V.........................................................................
Watts W.......................................................................
SCREW THREADS
British Standard Pipe BSP...........................................
Unified Coarse UNC....................................................
Unified Fine UNF.........................................................
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GENERAL FITTING REMINDERS
1
INFORMATION GENERAL FITTING REMINDERS
WORKSHOP SAFETY IS YOUR RESPONSIBILITY!
The suggestions, cautions and warnings in the
section are intended to serve as reminders for
trained and experienced mechanics. This manual
is not a definitive guide to automotive mechanics
or workshop safety.
Shop equipment, shop environment, and the use
and disposal of solvents, fluids, and chemicals
are subject to government regulations which are
intended to provide a level of safety. It is your
responsibility to know and comply with such
regulations.
PRECAUTIONS AGAINST DAMAGE
1.Always fit covers to protect fenders before
commencing work in engine compartment.
2.Cover seats and carpets, wear clean overalls
and wash hands or wear gloves before working
inside vehicle.
3.Avoid spilling hydraulic fluid or battery acid on
paint work. Wash off with water immediately if
this occurs. Use Polythene sheets to protect
carpets and seats.
4.Always use a recommended Service Tool where
specified.
5.Protect temporarily exposed screw threads by
replacing nuts or fitting plastic caps.SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
1.Whenever possible, use a lift when working
beneath vehicle, in preference to jacking. Chock
wheels as well as applying parking brake.
WARNING: Do not use a pit when
removing fuel system components.
2.Never rely on a jack alone to support vehicle.
Use axle stands carefully placed at jacking
points to provide rigid support.
3.Ensure that a suitable form of fire extinguisher is
conveniently located.
4.Check that any lifting equipment used has
adequate capacity and is fully serviceable.
5.Disconnect battery.
WARNING: Do not disconnect any pipes in
air conditioning system, unless trained
and instructed to do so. A refrigerant is
used which can cause blindness if allowed to
contact eyes.
6.Ensure that adequate ventilation is provided
when volatile degreasing agents are being used.
7.Do not apply heat in an attempt to free stiff
fixings; as well as causing damage to protective
coatings, there is a risk of damage to electronic
equipment and brake linings from stray heat.
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07GENERAL FITTING REMINDERS
2
INFORMATION PREPARATION
1.Clean components and surrounding area prior to
removal.
2.Blank off any openings exposed by component
removal using greaseproof paper and masking
tape.
3.Immediately seal fuel, oil or hydraulic lines when
separated, using plastic caps or plugs, to
prevent loss of fluid and entry of dirt.
4.Close open ends of oilways, exposed by
component removal, with tapered hardwood
plugs or readily visible plastic plugs.
5.Immediately a component is removed, place it in
a suitable container; use a separate container for
each component and its associated parts.
6.Before dismantling a component, clean it
thoroughly with a recommended cleaning agent;
check that agent is suitable for all materials of
component.
7.Clean bench and provide marking materials,
labels, containers and locking wire before
dismantling a component.
DISMANTLING
1.Observe scrupulous cleanliness when
dismantling components, particularly when
brake, fuel or hydraulic system parts are being
worked on. A particle of dirt or a cloth fragment
could cause a dangerous malfunction if trapped
in these systems.
2.Blow out all tapped holes, crevices, oilways and
fluid passages with an air line. Ensure that any
O-rings used for sealing are correctly replaced or
renewed, if disturbed.
3.Use marking ink to identify mating parts, to
ensure correct reassembly. If a centre punch or
scriber is used they may initiate cracks or
distortion of components.
4.Wire together mating parts where necessary to
prevent accidental interchange (e.g. roller
bearing components).
5.Wire labels on to all parts which are to be
renewed, and to parts requiring further
inspection before being passed for reassembly;
place these parts in separate containers from
those containing parts for rebuild.
6.Do not discard a part due for renewal until it has
been compared with the new part, to ensure that
its correct replacement has been obtained.INSPECTION-GENERAL
1.Never inspect a component for wear or
dimensional check unless it is absolutely clean;
a slight smear of grease can conceal an incipient
failure.
2.When a component is to be checked
dimensionally against figures quoted for it, use
correct equipment (surface plates, micrometers,
dial gauges, etc.) in serviceable condition.
Makeshift checking equipment can be
dangerous.
3.Reject a component if its dimensions are outside
limits quoted, or if damage is apparent. A part
may, however, be refitted if its critical dimension
is exactly limit size, and is otherwise satisfactory.
4.Use’Plastigauge’12 Type PG-1 for checking
bearing surface clearances. Directions for its
use, and a scale giving bearing clearances in
0,0025 mm steps are provided with it.
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GENERAL FITTING REMINDERS
5
INFORMATION JOINTS AND JOINT FACES
1.Always use correct gaskets where they are
specified.
2.Use jointing compound only when
recommended. Otherwise fit joints dry.
3.When jointing compound is used, apply in a thin
uniform film to metal surfaces; take great care to
prevent it from entering oilways, pipes or blind
tapped holes.
4.Remove all traces of old jointing materials prior
to reassembly. Do not use a tool which could
damage joint faces.
5.Inspect joint faces for scratches or burrs and
remove with a fine file or oil stone; do not allow
removed material or dirt to enter tapped holes or
enclosed parts.
6.Blow out any pipes, channels or crevices with
compressed air, fit new’O’rings or seals
displaced by air blast.FLEXIBLE HYDRAULIC PIPES, HOSES
1.Before removing any brake or power steering
hose, clean end fittings and area surrounding
them as thoroughly as possible.
2.Obtain appropriate plugs or caps before
detaching hose end fittings, so that ports can be
immediately covered to exclude dirt.
3.Clean hose externally and blow through with
airline. Examine carefully for cracks, separation
of plies, security of end fittings and external
damage. Reject any hose found faulty.
4.When refitting hose, ensure that no unnecessary
bends are introduced, and that hose is not
twisted before or during tightening of union nuts.
5.Containers for hydraulic fluid must be kept
absolutely clean.
6.Do not store brake fluid in an unsealed
container. It will absorb water, and fluid in this
condition would be dangerous to use due to a
lowering of its boiling point.
7.Do not allow brake fluid to be contaminated with
mineral oil, or use a container which has
previously contained mineral oil.
8.Do not re-use brake fluid bled from system.
9.Always use clean brake fluid to clean hydraulic
components.
10.Fit a cap to seal a hydraulic union and a plug to
its socket after removal to prevent ingress of dirt.
11.Absolute cleanliness must be observed with
hydraulic components at all times.
12.After any work on hydraulic systems, inspect
carefully for leaks underneath the vehicle while a
second operator applies maximum pressure to
the brakes (engine running) and operates the
steering.
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09LUBRICANTS, FLUIDS AND CAPACITIES
2
INFORMATION Propeller shaft Front
and RearNLGI - 2 Multi-purpose Lithium based GREASE
Lubrication nipples
(hubs, ball joints
etc.)
Seat slides
Door lock striker
Brake and clutch
reservoirsBrake fluids having a minimum boiling point of 260°C (500°F) and complying with
FMVSS 116 DOT4
Engine coolant Use Texaco XLC long life coolant. Use one part anti-freeze to one part water for
protection down to -36°C (-33°F).
IMPORTANT: Coolant solution must not fall below 50% anti-freeze otherwise
damage to engine is liable to occur. Maximun concentration is 60%.
Battery lugs, Petroleum jelly.
Earthing surfacesNOTE: Do not use Silicone Grease
where paint has
been removed
Air Conditioning
System Refrigerant Use only refrigerant R134a
Compressor Oil ND-OIL 8
LUBRICATION PRACTICE
Use a high quality oil of the correct viscosity range and service classification in the engine during maintenance and
when topping up. The use of oil not to the correct specification can lead to high oil and fuel consumption and
ultimately to damaged components.
Oil to the correct specification contains additives which disperse the corrosive acids formed by combustion and
prevent the formation of sludge which can block the oilways. Additional oil additives should not be used. Always
adhere to the recommended servicing intervals.
WARNING: Many liquids and other substances used in motor vehicles are poisonous. They must
not be consumed and must be kept away from open wounds. These substances, among others,
include anti-freeze, windscreen washer additives, lubricants and various adhesives.
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10 - MAINTENANCE
CONTENTS
Page
MAINTENANCE
UNDERBONNET VIEW - Td5 1..............................................................................
SEATS AND SEAT BELTS 2..................................................................................
LAMPS, HORNS AND WARNING INDICATORS 2................................................
WIPERS AND WASHERS 3...................................................................................
HANDBRAKE 3.......................................................................................................
BATTERY CONDITION - Td5 4..............................................................................
HANDSET BATTERY 5...........................................................................................
HEADLAMP ALIGNMENT 5....................................................................................
ROAD WHEELS 6...................................................................................................
TYRE PRESSURES, CONDITION AND TREAD DEPTH 6....................................
BRAKE PADS, CALIPERS AND DISCS 7..............................................................
ROAD WHEEL SPEED SENSOR HARNESS - Td5 7............................................
FUEL FILTER ELEMENT 8.....................................................................................
FUEL FILTER SEDIMENTER - Td5 8.....................................................................
INTERCOOLER / COOLING SYSTEM 9................................................................
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (AAP) SENSOR - Td5 9..............................................
DOOR LOCKS AND HINGES 10............................................................................
ENGINE COOLANT 10...........................................................................................
BRAKE FLUID 11....................................................................................................
AIR FILTER ELEMENT AND DUMP VALVE 11.....................................................
AUXILIARY DRIVE BELT 12...................................................................................
PAS FLUID, CLUTCH FLUID AND SCREEN WASHER LEVELS 12.....................
STEERING BOX 13................................................................................................
ENGINE OIL 14.......................................................................................................
CENTRIFUGE ROTOR - Td5 14.............................................................................
FULL FLOW OIL FILTER 15...................................................................................
GEARBOX OIL 15...................................................................................................
TRANSFER BOX OIL 16.........................................................................................
FRONT AND REAR AXLE OIL 17..........................................................................
PROPELLER SHAFTS 18.......................................................................................
CLUTCH PIPES AND UNIONS 18..........................................................................
PAS PIPES AND UNIONS 19.................................................................................
ENGINE, GEARBOX, TRANSFER BOX AND AXLES 19.......................................
EXHAUST SYSTEM 20...........................................................................................
STEERING BOX AND SUSPENSION 20...............................................................
STEERING BALL JOINTS 21.................................................................................
SHOCK ABSORBERS 22.......................................................................................
TOWING BRACKET 22...........................................................................................
ENGINE AND TRANSMISSION MOUNTINGS 23..................................................
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