1999 DODGE RAM fuel pump

* Charging System
* Cruise Control System
* Intake Manifold Air Heater
* Tachometer
* Torque Convertor Clutch Engagement (A/T Only)
* Transmission Overdrive Solenoid (A/T Only) Components are
grouped into 2 categories. The first category covers INPUT
DEVICES, which control or produce voltage signals monitored
by the PCM. The second category covers OUTPUT SIGNALS, which
are components controlled by the PCM. See PCM INPUT SIGNALS
and ECM/PCM OUTPUT SIGNALS.
ECM INPUT SIGNALS
Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor (APPS)
APPS sensor is mounted on top left of engine. See Fig. 2.
Sensor provides DC voltage input signal to Engine Control Module (ECM)\
to indicate throttle position. On previous engines, there were
linkages between accelerator pedal, throttle position sensor and
injection pump. On this engine, no linkage exists between accelerator
pedal and injection pump. ECM uses input signals from APPS sensor to
determine proper fuel delivery. ECM also outputs this signal to PCM.
Battery Voltage
Battery voltage input signal provides operating voltage to
Engine Control Module (ECM). This input signal keeps ECM memory alive
and informs ECM what generator output voltage is when engine is
running. ECM memory is used to store Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs),
store APPS sensor voltages from previous key cycles and provide a
speed control adaptive memory.
Camshaft Position Sensor (CMP)
Camshaft Position (CMP) sensor is a hall effect sensor (0-5
volts switched), located below injection pump in rear face of timing
gear cover. Sensor is not used for fuel control. Sensor is used only
for diagnostic purposes.
CCD Bus Circuits
These circuits are connected between Engine Control Module
(ECM) and Powertrain Control Module (PCM) to allow communication
between modules.
Crankshaft Position Sensor (CKP)
Crankshaft Position (CKP) sensor delivers input signal (35
tooth wheel with gap) to Engine Control Module (ECM) to indicate
engine speed and crankshaft position. ECM uses CKP signal along with
other input signals for controlling injector firing sequence and
timing. Sensor is located below fuel transfer pump, on side of engine
block. See Fig. 2.
Data Link Connector (DLC)
Data Link Connector (DLC) provides an input signal to Engine
Control Module (ECM) when using scan tool to retrieve Diagnostic
Trouble Codes (DTCs) from ECM. Input signal may also be used when
performing various tests on the ECM and electronic control system.
Data link connector is a 16-pin connector located at lower edge of
driver's side of instrument panel, just above accelerator pedal.
Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor
Engine coolant temperature sensor delivers input signal to
Engine Control Module (ECM) to indicate engine coolant temperature.
ECM uses input signal for controlling fuel control and timing. Engine
coolant temperature sensor is located on front of head, near

thermostat housing. See Fig. 2.
Fuel Injection Pump Control Module (FPCM)
Fuel Pump Control Module (FPCM) controls fuel pump using
inputs from Engine Control Module (ECM). FPCM is integral to top of
fuel pump. ECM and FPCM are interconnected together for fuel injection
control.
Fuel Temperature Sensors
There are 2 fuel temperature sensors. One sensor is located
inside injection pump, and will set FTC under high temperature
conditions. Engine Control Module (ECM) will lower engine power if FTC\
is set. Other sensor is an integral part of fuel heater. See FUEL
HEATER.
Intake Manifold Air Temperature (IAT) Sensor
Intake manifold air temperature sensor is a variable
thermistor sensor located on top of intake manifold, behind intake
manifold air heater. See Fig. 4. Intake manifold air temperature
sensor delivers an input signal to Engine Control Module (ECM) to
indicate intake manifold air temperature. ECM uses input signal for
controlling intake manifold air heater, fuel control and timing.
Fig. 4: Locating Intake Manifold Air Temperature Sensor & MAP Sensor
Courtesy of Chrysler Corp.
Manifold Air Pressure (MAP) Sensor (Boost Pressure)
Manifold Air Pressure (MAP) sensor, located at rear of intake\

manifold, sends input signal to Engine Control Module (ECM). ECM uses
input signal for controlling fuel control, timing and engine
protection. ECM will lower engine power if boost is too high.
Oil Pressure Sensor
Oil pressure sensor signal is input to Engine Control Module
(ECM). ECM converts signal to pressure value. Value is sent on CCD Bus\
to instrument panel gauge/light. Oil pressure sensor is located on
side of engine block, below ECM. See Fig. 2.
Power Take Off (PTO)
This input is used on vehicles equipped with a Power Take Off
(PTO) unit. When PTO is engaged, Engine Control Module (ECM) will
disable some OBD-II functions.
Water-In-Fuel (WIF) Sensor
WIF sensor is located in bottom of fuel filter/water
separator. See Fig. 2. WIF sensor delivers input signal to Engine
Control Module (ECM) when water exists in the fuel filter/water
separator. As water level increases, resistance across WIF sensor
decreases. ECM compares decrease in resistance to a high water
standard value. When resistance is 30,000-40,000 ohms, ECM will turn
on WATER-IN-FUEL warning light. WATER-IN-FUEL warning light is located
on instrument panel, just below tachometer. ECM monitors input signal
when ignition switch is in the ON position and continues to monitor
input signal until intake manifold air heater post-heat cycle is
complete.
PCM INPUT SIGNALS
A/C Switch
When A/C switch is in ON position, an input signal is
delivered from A/C switch to Engine Control Module (ECM) to indicate
that A/C operation has been requested. Once A/C operation has been
requested, an A/C request signal is delivered to ECM from A/C high-
pressure switch and A/C low-pressure switch. The A/C request signal
indicates evaporator pressure is within proper range for A/C
operation. ECM uses A/C request signal to cycle A/C compressor clutch
by using an A/C clutch relay. A/C clutch relay may also be referred to
as A/C compressor clutch relay. If A/C high-pressure switch or A/C
low-pressure switch opens, A/C request signal will not be delivered to
the ECM. ECM will then open ground circuit for A/C clutch relay and
A/C compressor clutch will be disengaged.
The A/C clutch relay is located in power distribution center
at driver's side front corner of engine compartment, near the battery.
The A/C high-pressure switch is located on discharge line, near A/C
compressor. The A/C low-pressure switch is located on top of
accumulator.
Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor (APPS) Output From ECM
Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor (APPS) is mounted on top
left of engine. See Fig. 2. Sensor provides DC voltage input signal to
Engine Control Module (ECM) to indicate throttle position. On previous\
engines, there were linkages between accelerator pedal, throttle
position sensor and injection pump. On this engine, no linkage exists
between accelerator pedal and injection pump. APPS signal is sent on
CCD Bus circuit from ECM to PCM.
Automatic Shutdown (ASD) Relay
A 12-volt input signal is delivered from ASD relay to Engine
Control Module (ECM) when ASD relay is energized. If ECM does not
receive a 12-volt input signal when ASD relay is energized, a
Diagnostic Trouble Code (FTC) will be stored in ECM. ASD relay is

located in power distribution center at driver's side front corner of
engine compartment, near the battery. Automatic Shutdown (ASD) relay
may also be referred to as Auto Shutdown (ASD) relay.
Battery Temperature Sensor
Battery temperature sensor delivers input signal to
Powertrain Control Module (PCM) to indicate the battery temperature.
PCM uses battery temperature input to modify rate of output from the
charging system. Battery temperature sensor is snapped into battery
tray below driver's side battery.
Battery Voltage
Battery voltage input signal provides operating voltage to
Powertrain Control Module (PCM). This input signal keeps PCM memory
alive and informs PCM what generator output voltage is when engine is
running. PCM memory is used to store Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs),
store APPS sensor voltages from previous key cycles and provide a
speed control adaptive memory.
Brake Switch
Brake switch delivers input signal to Powertrain Control
Module (PCM) to indicate when brakes are applied. PCM uses input
signal for controlling cruise control system and transmission torque
converter clutch operation on A/T models. Brake switch is located near
top of brake pedal and may also be referred to as brakelight switch.
CKP Sensor
Crankshaft Position (CKP) sensor delivers input signal (35
tooth wheel with gap) to Engine Control Module (ECM) to indicate
engine speed and crankshaft position. ECM uses CKP signal along with
other input signals for controlling injector firing sequence and
timing. Sensor is located below fuel transfer pump, on side of engine
block. See Fig. 2.
Cruise Control System Switches
Cruise control system functions, controlled by momentary
contact switches, are monitored through multiplexed input signal to
Powertrain Control Module (PCM). Resistance monitored at this input
signal, in conjunction with the length of time the PCM measures the
resistance, determines which switch feature has been selected.
Data Link Connector (DLC)
Data Link Connector (DLC) provides an input signal to
Powertrain Control Module (PCM) when using scan tool to retrieve
Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) from PCM. Input signal may also be
used when performing various tests on the PCM and electronic control
system. DLC is a 16-pin connector located at lower edge of driver's
side of instrument panel, just above accelerator pedal.
Fuel Level Sensor
The Powertrain Control Module (PCM) sends a 5-volt signal to
the fuel level sensor. The fuel level sensor will return a signal to
PCM. This signal is used for fuel gauge operation and to prevent
setting a false misfire or fuel system trouble codes. If fuel level is
less than 15 percent, PCM will not set code.
Ignition Sense
Ignition switch position input to Powertrain Control Module
(PCM). PCM uses input to determine proper output functions, including
cruise control, generator output, sensor supply and transmission
functions.
Transmission Speed Sensor (A/T Models)

Transmission speed sensor may also be referred to as
transmission output shaft speed sensor. Transmission speed sensor is
located on overdrive case at rear of transmission. Transmission speed
sensor delivers input signal to Powertrain Control Module (PCM) to
indicate transmission output shaft speed.
Overdrive Switch (A/T Models)
Transmission overdrive switch may be referred to as
overdrive/override switch, OD switch or overdrive off switch.
Transmission overdrive switch is located on end of gearshift lever.
When vehicle operator depresses transmission overdrive switch, an
input signal is delivered to the Powertrain Control Module (PCM). The
PCM uses input signal for controlling transmission overdrive shifts by
use of transmission overdrive solenoid on transmission valve body.
Transmission overdrive switch is normally in the ON position, allowing
transmission overdrive operation. If transmission overdrive switch is
depressed once, switch is in OFF position, allowing no transmission
overdrive upshift. If transmission overdrive switch is depressed
again, switch returns to the ON position, allowing transmission
overdrive operation.
Park/Neutral Switch (A/T Models)
Park/neutral switch delivers input signal to Powertrain
Control Module (PCM) to indicate if transmission is in Park, Neutral
or Drive. PCM uses input signal for controlling cruise control system,
transmission torque converter clutch operation and transmission
overdrive solenoid. When park/neutral switch is in Park or Neutral,
switch also provides a ground circuit for the engine starting system.
Park/neutral switch is located on the driver's side of transmission,
near shift linkage.
Transmission Governor Pressure Sensor (A/T Models)
Transmission governor pressure sensor delivers input signal
to Powertrain Control Module (PCM) to indicate transmission governor
pressure. PCM uses input signal for controlling governor pressure by
use of governor pressure solenoid on transmission valve body.
Transmission Temperature Sensor (A/T Models)
Transmission temperature sensor monitors transmission fluid
temperature and delivers input signal to Powertrain Control Module
(PCM). PCM uses input signal for controlling transmission torque
converter clutch operation, transmission overdrive shifts and governor
pressure. Transmission temperature sensor is located on transmission
valve body, incorporated into governor pressure sensor.
PCM prevents torque converter clutch engagement and
transmission overdrive operation when transmission fluid temperature
is less than 50
F (10C). If transmission fluid temperature is more
than 260F (126C), PCM forces a 4-3 downshift and engages torque
converter clutch until transmission fluid cools down. Once
transmission fluid cools to less than 230
F (110C), PCM allows a 3-4
shift again.
Vehicle Speed & Distance
Vehicle speed sensor is no longer used. The vehicle speed and
distance traveled are determined by rear wheel speed sensor. Rear
wheel speed sensor is mounted on top of rear axle housing, above the
ring gear. Rear wheel speed sensor delivers an input signal to
Controller Anti-Lock Brake (CAB) to indicate vehicle speed and
distance traveled. The CAB then delivers input signal to Powertrain
Control Module (PCM) to indicate vehicle speed and distance traveled.
PCM uses input signal for controlling control cruise control system
and fuel system. The CAB is mounted on top of the hydraulic control
unit. Hydraulic control unit contains the pump assembly that

brakelines are attached to and is mounted in the engine compartment.
ECM OUTPUT SIGNALS
APPS & CKP Output To PCM
See ACCELERATOR PEDAL POSITION SENSOR (APPS) OUTPUT FROM ECM
under PCM INPUT SIGNALS.
CCD Bus
These circuits are connected between Engine Control Module
(ECM) and Powertrain Control Module (PCM) to allow communication
between modules.
DLC Output
Data Link Connector (DLC) is connected to Engine Control
Module (ECM). Using a scan tool, data can be retrieved (output) from\
ECM.
5-Volt Sensor Supply Output
Engine Control Module (ECM) supplies a 5-volt reference
signal to the following sensors:
* Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor
* Camshaft Position (CMP) Sensor
* Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Sensor
* Engine Oil Pressure Sensor
* Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) Sensor
Engine Control Module (ECM) also supplies voltage to the
following sensors:
* Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor (APPS)
* Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Sensor
* Engine Oil Pressure Sensor
* Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor
* Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) Sensor
* Water-In-Fuel (WIF) Sensor
Fuel Injection Pump Relay
The Engine Control Module (ECM) energizes the fuel injection
pump and integral Fuel Pump Control Module (FPCM) through the relay.
When ignition is turned on, ECM supplies 12 volts to fuel injection
pump relay, located in Power Distribution Center.
Fuel Pump Control Module (FPCM)
Fuel Pump Control Module (FPCM) controls fuel pump using
inputs from Engine Control Module (ECM). FPCM is integral to top of
fuel pump. ECM and FPCM are interconnected together for fuel injection
control.
Fuel Transfer Pump
Engine Control Module (ECM) supplies power to fuel transfer
pump. Transfer fuel pump supplies fuel under low pressure (14 psi)
while engine is running to fuel injection pump. Fuel transfer pump
supplies an excess of fuel to cool fuel injection pump. Excess fuel is
returned to fuel tank by fuel injection pump.
Intake Manifold Air Heater Relays
Intake manifold air heater relays provide voltage to intake
manifold air heater for warming of intake. See Fig. 5. Warming of
intake air aids in engine starting and improved driveability during
cold ambient temperatures. Intake manifold air heater relays are
mounted on inner wheelwell, below driver's side battery. See Fig. 6.

converter lock-up. ECM uses various input signals such as transmission
temperature, output shaft speed, central module timer, engine speed,
APPS and brake switch position to determine operation of transmission
torque converter clutch solenoid. Transmission torque converter clutch
solenoid is located on transmission valve body.
FUEL SYSTEM
FUEL DELIVERY
Fuel Injection Pump
A camshaft-driven Bosch VP44 in-line fuel injection pump is
used to supply high pressure fuel to each fuel injector in precise
metered amounts at the correct time. See Fig. 2. The pump is timed to
camshaft gear. Pump output is controlled by integral Fuel Pump Control
Module (FPCM). Because of electronic control, idle speeds and pump
timing are not adjustable. See ON-VEHICLE ADJUSTMENTS - TRUCKS -
DIESEL article. FPCM can operate engine if crankshaft position sensor
signal does not exist. Fuel injection occurs near completion of
compression stroke for each cylinder.
Fuel injection pump contains an overflow valve which allows
excess fuel to return to the fuel tank. Overflow valve is located on
side of fuel injection pump and is used to attach the fuel return line
to the fuel injection pump.
Fuel Transfer Pump
Fuel transfer pump is located on driver's side of cylinder
block, above starter. See Fig. 2. A 12 volt, 12-amp electric vane-type
pump supplies low fuel pressure from fuel tank, through fuel
heater/fuel filter/water separator to fuel injection pump. Fuel
transfer pump contains internal check valves to prevent fuel from
bleeding back into fuel tank during engine shutdown. Pump will self
prime with ignition on for 2 seconds. Pump has 2 modes, 100 percent
duty cycle (10 psi) when engine is running and 25 percent duty cycle
(7 psi) when engine is cranking.
Fuel Filter/Water Separator
Fuel filter/water separator, located on left side of engine,
protects injection pump by removing water and contaminants from fuel.
See Fig. 2 . Assembly also includes fuel heater and Water-In-Fuel (WIF)
sensor.
In-Tank Fuel Filter
A separate in-tank fuel filter is attached to bottom of fuel
tank module. In-tank fuel filter does not require service under normal
conditions.
FUEL CONTROL
Fuel Injector
Fuel injector delivers atomized fuel into the cylinder.
During fuel injection, fuel pressure from fuel injection pump
increases to fuel injector opening pressure or pop pressure of 4500
psi (316 kg/cm

). This is the pressure required to lift fuel injector
needle valve from its seat, allowing fuel to be injected into the
cylinder. Once fuel pressure decreases to less then the opening
pressure, a spring forces needle valve closed and stops fuel injection
into the cylinders. Each fuel injector is connected to injection pump
by a high pressure (as much as 17,405 psi) line.
Fuel Injection Timing
Pump output is controlled by integral Fuel Pump Control

Module (FPCM). Because of electronic control, pump timing is not
adjustable. See ON-VEHICLE ADJUSTMENTS - TRUCKS - DIESEL article.
FUEL FILTER/WATER SEPARATOR
Fuel filter/water separator is located on left side of engine
and contains fuel heater, Water-In-Fuel (WIF) sensor and drain valve.
See Fig. 2 . The WIF sensor delivers an input signal to Engine Control
Module (ECM) when water exists in fuel filter/water separator. ECM
will then turn on WATER-IN-FUEL warning light. WATER-IN-FUEL warning
light is located on instrument panel, just below tachometer. The
WATER-IN-FUEL warning light informs the operator to drain water from
fuel filter/water separator to prevent damage to fuel system
components. Water may be drained from fuel filter/water separator by
using drain valve on fuel filter/water separator.
FUEL HEATER
Fuel heater is used to prevent diesel fuel from waxing during
cold temperatures. Fuel heater is located in fuel filter/water
separator. See Fig. 2. Fuel flows from fuel tank to fuel transfer pump
and then to fuel filter/water separator. Fuel heater contains a fuel
heater temperature sensor that senses the fuel temperature. When
temperature is less than 37-53
F (3-12C), fuel heater temperature
sensor allows current to flow to the fuel heater to warm the fuel.
When temperature is more than 67-83
F (19-28C), fuel heater
temperature sensor turns off the current flow to the fuel heater.
Voltage to operate fuel heater is provided from ignition switch,
through fuel heater relay and to fuel heater. Fuel heater and fuel
heater relay are not controlled by Engine Control Module (ECM).
EMISSION SYSTEMS
INTAKE MANIFOLD AIR HEATER SYSTEM
Intake manifold air heater is used to warm intake air during
cold starting conditions. Heater system consists of 2 relays and 2
grid heaters installed on top of intake manifold. See Fig. 5.
Engine Control Module (ECM) energizes intake manifold air
heater relays to provide voltage to intake manifold air heater before
and after starting depending on input signals from intake manifold air
temperature sensor, engine speed sensor and vehicle speed. Intake
manifold air heater relays are not energized when intake manifold air
temperature is greater than 59
F (15C) or during engine cranking.
Intake manifold air heater relays are mounted on left inner wheelwell,
below left side battery. See Fig. 6.
Intake manifold air temperature sensor monitors intake
manifold air temperature and delivers an input signal to ECM for
controlling intake manifold air heater. Intake manifold air
temperature sensor is located in intake manifold. See Figs. 2 and 4.
SELF-DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM
DATA LINK CONNECTOR
The Data Link Connector (DLC) is a 16-pin connector located
at lower edge of driver's side of instrument panel, just above the
accelerator pedal. The Engine Control Module (ECM) contains a self-
diagnostic system which stores a Diagnostic Trouble Code (FTC) if an
incorrect signal or no signal is received from certain sensors or
components. FTC may be retrieved from ECM for system diagnosis by