1997 SSANGYONG KORANDO wheel alignment

SSANGYONG MY2002
2A-2 SUSPENSION DIAGNOSIS
Inspect the tires for improper pressure and uneven wear.
Inspect the joint from the steering column to the steer-
ing gear for loose connections or wear.
Inspect the front and the rear suspension, the steering
gear, and the linkage for loose or damaged parts.
Inspect for out-of-round tires.
Inspect for out-of-balance tires, bent wheels, and worn
or loose wheel bearings.
Check the power steering pump serpentine belt tension.
Inspect the power steering system for leaks. Also, check
the power steering fluid level.Action
Checks
Checks
Inspect for incorrect toe on the front and the rear wheels.
Inspect for a twisted or a bent suspension arm. Inspect for mismatched or uneven tires.
Inspect for a broken or a sagging spring.
Inspect for a radial tire lateral force.
Check the front-wheel alignment.
Inspect for an off-center steering gear.
Inspect for front-brake dragging.
DIAGNOSIS
GENERAL DIAGNOSIS
Problems in the steering, the suspension, the tires,
and the wheels involve several systems. Consider all
systems when diagnosing a complaint. Some problems,
such as abnormal or excessive tire wear and scuffed
tires, may be the result of hard driving. Always roadtest the vehicle first. If possible, do this road test with
the customer.
Proceed with the following preliminary checks. Correct
any substandard conditions.
Preliminary Checks
Replace the tires.
Replace the spring.
Check the wheel alignment. Switch the tire and the
wheel assemblies. Replace the tires, as needed.
Align the front wheels.
Reseat the pinion valve assembly. Replace the pinion
valve assembly, as needed.
Adjust the front brakes.
Car Lead/Pull
Action
Adjust the toe on the front and the rear wheels.
Replace the suspension arm.
Scuffed Tires
Inflate the tires to the proper pressure.
Tighten the intermediate shaft pinch bolts. Replace the
intermediate shaft, as needed.
Tighten the front and the rear suspension. Tighten the
steering gear mounting bracket bolts. Tighten the inter-
mediate shaft pinch bolts. Replace the front and the rear
suspension, as needed. Replace the steering gear, as
needed. Replace the intermediate shaft, as needed.
Perform a free runout test. Match-mount the tires.
Balance the wheels. Replace the wheels. Replace the
wheel bearings.
Tighten the power steering pump serpentine belt.
Repair any leaks. Perform a power steering system test.
Add power steering fluid, as needed.
Action Checks

SUSPENSION DIAGNOSIS 2A-3
SSANGYONG MY2002
Perform a rack bearing preload adjustment.
Replace the seals and the hoses, as needed.
Lubricate the steering gear. Repair or replace the
steering gear, as needed.
Tighten the steering gear mounting bracket nuts and
the bolts. Check the steering gear preload adjustment.
Check the hydraulic system. Test the power steering
system pressure with a gauge.
Inspect for binding or catching in the steering gear.
Inspect for a loose steering gear mounting.Action ChecksBalance the tire or the wheel.
Measure the hub flange runout. Replace the hub, as
needed.
Adjust the brakes. Replace the brake rotor, as needed.
Replace the outer tie rods.
Balance the wheel.
Replace the lower ball joint.
Measure the wheel runout. Replace the wheel, as
needed.
Match-mount the tire and the wheel assembly. Inspect for an out-of-balance tire or wheel.
Inspect for excessive wheel hub runout.
Inspect for excessive brake rotor imbalance.
Inspect for worn tie rod ends.
Inspect for wheel trim imbalance.
Inspect for a worn lower ball joint.
Inspect for excessive wheel runout.
Inspect for excessive loaded radial runout on the tire
and the wheel assembly.Action ChecksAction
Balance the tire or the wheel. Checks
Inspect for an out-of-balance tire or wheel.Align the front and the rear wheels.
Adjust the toe on the front and the rear wheels.
Replace the spring.
Balance the tires.
Rotate the tires. Replace the tires, as needed.
Maintain the proper load weight.
Inflate the tires to the proper pressure. Check the front-wheel and the rear-wheel alignment.
Inspect for excessive toe on the front and the rear wheels.
Inspect for a broken or a sagging spring.
Inspect for out-of-balance tires.
Check for a failure to rotate tires.
Check for an overloaded vehicle.
Inspect for low tire inflation.
Abnormal or Excessive Tire Wear
Shimmy, Shake, or Vibration
Hard Steering
Wheel Tramp
Action Checks

SSANGYONG MY2002
2A-4 SUSPENSION DIAGNOSIS
Replace the tires.
Replace the ball joints and the outer tie rods.
Replace the dampeners.
Tighten the stabilizer link.
Replace the spring.
Perform a rack bearing preload adjustment.
Align the front and the rear wheels. Inspect for mismatched or uneven tires.
Inspect for lack of lubrication of the ball joints and the
tie rod ends.
Inspect for worn dampeners.
Inspect for a loose stabilizer link.
Inspect for a broken or a sagging spring.
Check the steering gear preload adjustment.
Check the front-wheel and the rear-wheel alignment.Action ChecksReplace the ball joints and the outer tie rods.
Replace the damaged suspension components.
Replace the control arm bushings or the tie rods.
Tighten the stabilizer link.
Tighten the wheel nuts.
Tighten the suspension bolts or the nuts. Inspect for a lack of lubrication of the ball joints and
the tie rod ends.
Inspect for damaged suspension components.
Inspect for worn control arm bushings or tie rod ends.
Inspect for a loose stabilizer link.
Inspect for loose wheel nuts.
Inspect for loose suspension bolts or nuts.Action Checks Inspect for lack of lubrication of the ball joints and the
tie rod ends.
Inspect for binding in the ball joints.
Inspect for binding in the steering column.
Check the front-wheel alignment.
Check the steering gear preload adjustment.
Inspect for a sticking valve.
Inspect for binding in the intermediate shaft on the
steering gear.Action ChecksReplace the front wheel bearings.
Tighten the steering gear mounting bracket nuts and
the bolts.
Tighten the intermediate shaft pinch bolts. Replace the
intermediate shaft, as needed.
Perform a rack bearing preload adjustment. Inspect for worn or loose front wheel bearings.
Inspect for a loose steering gear mounting.
Inspect the joint from the column to the steering gear
for loose connections or wear.
Check the steering gear preload adjustment.Action Checks
Replace the ball joints and the outer tie rods.
Replace the ball joint.
Lubricate the steering column. Replace the steering
column as needed.
Align the front wheels.
Perform a rack bearing preload adjustment.
Lubricate the pinion valve assembly. Replace the pin-
ion valve assembly, as needed.
Replace the intermediate shaft.
Poor Returnability
Abnormal Noise, Front Suspension
Abnormal or Excessive Tire Wear
Too Much Playin Steering

SSANGYONG MY2002
2A-6 SUSPENSION DIAGNOSIS
Check the front-wheel and the rear-wheel alignment.
Inspect for worn dampeners.
Inspect for worn or loose wheel bearings.
Inspect for excessive tire or wheel runout.
Inspect for a worn ball joint.
Check the steering gear preload adjustment.Align the front and the rear wheels.
Replace the dampeners.
Replace the wheel bearings.
Match-mount the tires. Replace the tires, as needed.
Replace the wheels, as needed.
Replace the ball joint.
Perform a rack bearing preload adjustment.Action ChecksReplace the seals and the hoses, as needed.
Clean the pinion valve assembly. Replace the pinion
valve assembly, as needed.
Adjust the power steering pump serpentine belt. Check the hydraulic system. Test the power steering
system pressure with a gauge.
Inspect for a sluggish steering gear valve.
Inspect for a loose power steering pump serpentine
belt.Action ChecksAction Checks
Purge the power steering system of air.
Tighten the steering gear mounting bracket nuts and
the bolts.
Tighten the intermediate shaft pinch bolts. Replace the
intermediate shaft, as needed.
Tighten the tie rod ends. Replace the outer tie rods, as
needed.
Replace the front wheel bearings. Inspect for air in the power steering system.
Inspect for a loose steering gear mounting.
Inspect the joint from the column to the steering gear
for loose connections or wear.
Inspect for loose tie rod ends.
Inspect for loose or worn front wheel bearings.
Steering Wheel Surges or Jerks
Cupped Tires
Steering Wheel Kickback

SECTION 2B
WHEEL ALIGNMENT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Description and Operation....................................2B-2
Four Wheel Alignment ..........................................2B-2
Toe-in..................................................................2B-2
Caster.................................................................2B-2
Camber...............................................................2B-2
Diagnostic Information and Procedures...............2B-3
Tire Diagnosis......................................................2B-3
Radial Tire Lead/Pull............................................2B-4Vibration Diagnosis..............................................2B-6
Vehicle Height......................................................2B-7
Front Toe-in Adjustment .......................................2B-7
Front Camber Check............................................2B-8
Front Caster Check..............................................2B-8
Specifications.......................................................2B-9
Wheel Alignment Specifications...........................2B-9
Fastener Tightening Specifications.......................2B-9

SSANGYONG MY2002
2B-2 WHEEL ALIGNMENT
FOUR WHEEL ALIGNMENT
The first responsibility of engineering is to design safe
steering and suspension systems. Each component
must be strong enough to withstand and absorb extreme
punishment. Both the steering system and the front
and the rear suspension must function geometrically
with the body mass.
The steering and the suspension systems require that
the front wheels self-return and that the tire rolling effor t
and the road friction be held to a negligible force in
order to allow the customer to direct the vehicle with
the least effort and the most comfort.
A complete wheel alignment check should include mea-
surements of the rear toe and camber.
Four-wheel alignment assures that all four wheels will
be running in precisely the same direction.
When the vehicle is geometrically aligned, fuel economy
and tire life are at their peak, and steering and perfor
mance are maximized.
TOE-IN
Toe-in is the turning in of the tires, while toe-out is the
turning out of the tires from the geometric centerline or
thrust line. The toe ensures parallel rolling of the wheels.
The toe serves to offset the small deflections of the
wheel support system which occur when the vehicle is
rolling forward. The specified toe angle is the setting
which achieves 0 degrees of toe when the vehicle is
moving.
Incorrect toe-in or toe-out will cause tire wear and re
duced fuel economy. As the individual steering and
sus-pension components wear from vehicle mileage,
additional toe will be needed to compensate for the
wear.
Always correct the toe dimension last.
CASTER
Caster is the tilting of the uppermost point of the steering
axis either forward or backward from the vertical when
viewed from the side of the vehicle. A backward tilt is
positive, and a forward tilt is negative. Caster influences
directional control of the steering but does not affect
tire wear. Weak springs or overloading a vehicle will
affect caster. One wheel with more positive caster will
pull toward the center of the car. This condition will
cause the car to move or lean toward the side with the
least amount of positive caster. Caster is measured in
degrees.
CAMBER
Camber is the tilting of the top of the tire from the
vertical when viewed from the front of the vehicle. When
the tires tilt outward, the camber is positive. When the
tires tilt inward, the camber is negative. The camber
angle is measured in degrees from the vertical. Camber
in-fluences both directional control and tire wear.
If the vehicle has too much positive camber, the outside
shoulder of the tire will wear. If the vehicle has too
much negative camber, the inside shoulder of the tire
will wear.
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION

WHEEL ALIGNMENT 2B-3
SSANGYONG MY2002
DIAGNOSTIC INFORMATION AND PROCEDURES
TIRE DIAGNOSIS
Irregular and Premature Wear
Irregular and premature tire wear has many causes.
Some of them are incorrect inflation pressures, lack of
regular rotation, poor driving habits, or improper wheel
alignment.
Rotate the tires if :
•The front tire wear is different from the rear.
The left and right front tire wear is unequal.
The left and right rear tire wear is unequal.
Check wheel alignment if :
The left and right front tire wear is unequal.
The wear is uneven across the tread of either front
tire.
The front tire treads are scuffed with “feather” edges
on the side of the tread ribs or blocks.
Tread Wear Indicators
The original equipment tires have built-in tread wear in
dicators to show when the tires need replacement.
These indicators appear as bands when the tire tread
depth becomes shallow. Tire replacement is recom
mended when the indicators appear in three or more
grooves at six locations.
KAA2B010
Radial Tire Waddle
Waddle is side-to-side movement at the front or rear of
the vehicle. It is caused by the steel belt not being
straight within the tire, or by excessive lateral runout
of the tire or wheel.
The vehicle must be road tested to determine which
end of the vehicle has the faulty tire. The rear end of
the vehicle will shake from side to side or “waddle” if
the waddle tire is on the rear of the vehicle. From the
driver’s seat, it feels as though someone is pushing
on the side of the vehicle.
If the faulty tire is on the front of the vehicle, the waddle
is more visual. The front sheet meld appears to be mov-
ing back and forth, and the drivers seat feels like the
pivot point in the vehicle.
Waddle can be diagnosed using the method of substitut-
ing known good tire and wheel assemblies on the prob-
lem vehicle.
1. Road test the vehicle to determine if the waddle is
coming from the front or the rear of the vehicle.
2. Install good tires and wheels from a similar vehicle
in place of those on the offending end of the problem
vehicle. If the source of the waddle is not obvious,
change the rear tires.
3. Road test the vehicle. If there is improvement,
install the original tires to find the offending tire. If
there is no a straight improvement, install good tires
in place of all four offending tires.
KAA2B020

SSANGYONG MY2002
2B-4 WHEEL ALIGNMENT
KAA2B030
RADIAL TIRE LEAD/PULL
Lead/pull is the deviation of the vehicle from a straight
path on a level road with no pressure on the steering
wheel. Lead is usually caused by:
Incorrect alignment.
Uneven brake adjustment.
Tire construction.
The way in which a tire is built can produce lead/pull in
the vehicle. Off-center belts on radial tires can cause
the tire to develop a side force while the vehicle rolls
straight down the road. If one side of the tire has even
a little larger diameter than the diameter of the other
side, the tire will tend to roll to one side. Unequal
diameters will cause the tire to develop a side force
which can produce vehicle lead/pull.
The radial lead/pull diagnosis chart should be used to
determine whether the problem originates from an align-
ment problem or from the tires. Part of the lead diagno-
sis procedure calls for tire rotation that is different from
the proper tire rotation pattern. If a medium-to high-
mileage tire is moved to the other side of the vehicle,
be sure to check for ride roughness. Rear tires will not
cause lead/pull.