1996 LAND ROVER DEFENDER wheel bolts

STEERING
5
FAULT DIAGNOSIS REV: 05/99 Symptom :-
Steering excessively light/sensitive. Excessive
freeplay at steering wheel.
1.Are steering box adjustments correct?
NO -
See Adjustment, Power Steering Box.
WARNING: Adjustments of steering box
should not be required while in warranty
period. If box is within warranty, it must be
returned to manufacturer. No attempt must be
made to introduce backlash.
YES - Suspect worn panhard rod or radius arm
bushes. Check condition of ball joints and the
lower steering column shaft universal joints for
wear
See Repair, Lower Steering Shaft and
Universal Joints
.
Symptom :-
Steering vibration, road wheel shimmy - wobble.
Vibration through the steering linkage powerful
enough to induce high frequency oscillation of the
steering wheel, is generally caused by out of balance
road wheels. However there are a number of other
possible causes of this symptom which if severe, may
be described as shimmy or wobble. Regardless of the
terminology used by the owner/driver to describe the
symptoms, the following diagnostic checks should be
carried out in the order presented.
1.Check the tyres and balance of the road wheels
See GENERAL SPECIFICATION DATA,
Information, Wheels and Tyres
,See
WHEELS AND TYRES, Fault diagnosis, Fault
- Symptoms See WHEELS AND TYRES,
Repair, Wheel Balancing .
2.Check the steering hydraulic damper function
See Steering Damper.
3.Check steering column universal joints for wear
and correct alignment
See Repair, Lower
Steering Shaft and Universal Joints
.4.Check steering linkage ball joints for wear,
correct alignment and security, including steering
box and tie rod
See Steering Linkage Inspect
.
5.Check all front suspension rubbers for wear.
Check all fixing torques, including radius arm
bushes, panhard rod and anti-roll bar
See
FRONT SUSPENSION, Repair, Panhard Rod
,
See FRONT SUSPENSION, Repair, Radius
Arm
,See FRONT SUSPENSION, Repair,
Anti-Roll Bar
,See FRONT SUSPENSION,
Repair, Front Shock Absorber
.
6.Fit new radius arm bushes using NTC 6781. Fit
new nuts, bolts and washers.
7.If problem persists fit damper kit STC 288 - 90,
STC 290 - 110/130 (2 off front) and STC 289 -
90, STC 291 - 110 levelled, STC 292 - 110
unlevelled, STC 293 - 130 (2 off rear). Road test
vehicle.
8.Check the power steering box adjustments and
operation
See Overhaul, Power Steering Box.
9.Check the hub bearing end floats and determine
the condition of the hub bearings as applicable
See FRONT AXLE AND FINAL DRIVE, Repair,
Front Hub Assembly
.
10.Check the resistance and condition of the
swivels
See FRONT AXLE AND FINAL DRIVE,
Description and operation, Description
.
If problem is not diagnosed: Repeat checks
starting at 1.
11.Carry out a full steering geometry check
See
GENERAL SPECIFICATION DATA,
Information, Steering
.

STEERING
3
ADJUSTMENT FRONT WHEEL ALIGNMENT
Service repair no - 57.65.01
Checking Toe-out dimensions
NOTE: Recognised front wheel alignment
and tracking equipment should be used
for this operation. Only the use of basic
equipment is described below. No Adjustment is
provided for castor, camber or swivel pin
inclinations.
1.Set vehicle on level ground with road wheels
positioned straight ahead.
2.Push vehicle back and forwards to settle linkage.
3.Set up the equipment to manufacturers
instructions and check alignment as advised by
equipment supplier.
4.Position trammel probes on inner face of wheel,
not the rims, if the latter are damaged.
5.Measure toe-out at horizontal centre-line of
wheels.
6.Check tightness of clamp bolt fixings. Tighten to
14 Nm (10lbf/ft).
Adjust
7.Slacken clamps at both ends of track rod.
8.Rotate track rod to increase or decrease its
effective length until correct toe-out is obtained
See GENERAL SPECIFICATION DATA,
Information, Steering
.
9.Push vehicle rearwards turning steering wheel
from side to side to settle ball joints. With road
wheels set in straight ahead position, push
vehicle forward a short distance.
10.Recheck track and adjust if necessary.
11.When alignment is correct, tap ball joints in
direction of arrows to maximum of travel, to
ensure full unrestricted movement of track rod.
12.Tighten clamp bolts to
14 Nm (10 lbf/ft).
POWER STEERING PUMP DRIVE BELT
Service repair no - 57.20.01
Adjust
NOTE: For details of drive belt adjust
procedure.
See ELECTRICAL, Repair,
Auxiliary Drive Belt

STEERING
1
REPAIR STEERING COLUMN
Service repair no - 57.40.01
Remove
1.Remove bonnet.
2.Set road wheels and steering wheel in straight
ahead position.
3.Mark relationship of steering column inner shaft
to top universal joint.
NOTE: collapsible shaft can be
disconnected from steering column only, if
required, by removing bolts from top
universal joint and slackening top bolt of lower
universal joint.
4.Remove 2 bolts from top universal joint and
lower bolt of bottom universal joint. Slacken top
bolt of lower universal joint and withdraw shaft.5.Prise centre cap from steering wheel.
6.Remove steering wheel retaining nut and
withdraw wheel from column spline.
7.Disconnect battery.
8.Remove 4 screws securing instrument panel and
pull panel away from facia to enable
speedometer cable to be disconnected.
9.Disconnect multi-plugs, electrical leads and
connections to vehicle alarm system, if fitted.
See ELECTRICAL, Repair, Vehicle
immobilisation and alarm system
.
10.Withdraw panel complete with instruments.
11.Remove 5 screws and 2 self-tapping screws to
remove top half of nacelle.
12.Ease bottom half of nacelle from switch
gaiters/grommets and remove.

STEERING
3
REPAIR REV: 05/99
NOTE: The steering column is a non
serviceable component and can only be
serviced as a complete assembly.
25.Fit main support bracket and padding to steering
column and manoeuvre column into position in
vehicle.
26.Loosely secure main support bracket and
harness bracket to bulkhead.
27.Loosely fit clamp and rubber packing strip to
column.
28.Loosely secure lower end of column to lower
support bracket.
29.Loosely secure clamp bracket to main support
bracket.
30.Working inside vehicle cab, fit tie-bar to column
bracket and secure with single bolt to
22 Nm (16
lbf/ft).
31.Finally, tighten main support bracket, clamp
bracket, upper clamp, and lower support bracket
nuts and bolts. (M6 bolts
9 Nm (6 lbf/ft),M8
bolts
22 Nm (16 lbf/ft).
32.Fit brake pedal boxSee BRAKES, Repair,
Brake pedal
.
33.Fit steering lock/switch in position and rotate
steering column inner shaft to line up slot with
switch plunger.
34.Secure lock to column with clamp and shear
bolts. Evenly tighten bolts but do not shear them.
35.Temporarily fit steering wheel and operate
switch and lock mechanism several times to
ensure it functions correctly.
36.Fully tighten switch retaining bolts until heads
shear.
37.Connect electrical leads to rear of switch. Fit
alarm system passive coil, if applicable.
See
ELECTRICAL, Repair, Vehicle immobilisation
and alarm system
.
38.Fit switch assembly on steering column and
tighten clamping screw.
39.Connect switch assembly multi-plugs and
electrical leads to main harness.
40.Offer up instrument panel, connect speedometer
cable, multi-plugs and electrical leads to main
harness. If applicable, fit vehicle alarm system
connections.
See ELECTRICAL, Repair,
Vehicle immobilisation and alarm system
.
41.Secure panel with 4 screws.
42.Locate top half of nacelle in position and fit to
switch gaiters/grommets.43.Fit lower half of nacelle and loosely tighten fixing
screws.
44.Ensure switch gaiters/grommets are correctly
located and fully tighten fixings.
45.Turn indicator cancelling ring so that slots are
vertical and lug with arrow points to the left, in
direction of indicator switch.
46.Fit steering wheel with finisher attachment lug at
bottom, ensuring that indicator cancelling forks
locate in cancelling ring slots.
47.Secure wheel with nut and new shake-proof
washer. Tighten to
43 Nm (32 lbf/ft).
48.Fit steering wheel decal.
49.If necessary, fit new universal joints to support.
Note that long joint is fitted to short length of
shaft and short joint to long end. Joints can only
be fitted one way to shaft.
50.With steering lock engaged and road wheels in
straight ahead position, align reassembly marks,
and fit collapsible shaft assembly with long leg of
shaft to steering box. Fit pinch bolts and tighten
to
25 Nm (18 lbf/ft).

57STEERING
4
REPAIR POWER STEERING BOX
Service repair no - 57.10.01
NOTE: A chassis undertray may be fitted
on some vehicle derivatives to conform to
legal requirements. When under chassis
remove and refit procedures are required, it may
be necessary to remove the undertray
See
CHASSIS AND BODY, Repair, Front undertray
.
General precautions
·Whenever any part of system, is removed or
disconnected, utmost cleanliness must be
observed.
·Disconnected ports and hoses must be
plugged to prevent ingress of dirt. If metal
sediment is found in system, establish cause,
rectify and flush system.
·Do not start engine until reservoir is full as
pump will be damaged.
·Metric pipe fittings are used with 'O' ring pipe
ends on fittings to steering box.
·Follow normal 'O' ring replacement procedure
whenever pipes are disconnected.
·Ensure compatible metric components when
fitting replacement pipes.
CAUTION: After refitting steering linkage
parts follow correct procedure to ensure
that road wheels, steering box and
steering wheel are correctly positioned relative to
each other when in straight ahead condition.
NOTE: When drag link is disconnected
from steering box, travel available at
steering wheel to each full lock is not
equal.
Remove
1.Site vehicle on level surface.
2.Apply park brake, chock rear wheels, raise
vehicle and locate axle stands. Alternatively,
raise vehicle on a hoist.
3.Remove road wheel.
4.Remove panhard rod
See FRONT
SUSPENSION, Repair, Panhard rod
.
5.Disconnect steering damper from drag link.
6.Disconnect drag link from drop arm, see J6305
on opposite page, using a suitable extractor.
7.Slacken, but do not remove nut securing tie bar
to mounting arm.8.Remove 2 bolts securing tie bar to steering box
and move aside.
9.Remove filler cap from power steering fluid
reservoir.
10.Position suitable container under steering box.
11.Disconnect feed and return pipes from steering
box and drain fluid.
12.Plug open pipes and steering box ports to
prevent ingress of dirt. Refit fluid reservoir filler
cap.
13.Centralise steering
See Centralise steering
box
.
14.Remove pinch bolt securing lower shaft
universal joint to power steering box.
15.Remove 4 bolts and 2 tab washers securing
steering box to chassis side member.
16.Withdraw steering box.
17.Clean all mounting faces, unions etc. prior to
refitting.
Refit
18.Position steering box to chassis side member,
ensuring locating peg is engaged. Fit tab
washers and tighten bolts to
81 Nm (60 lbf/ft).
19.Fit pinch bolt and nut securing universal joint to
power steering box spline. Tighten to
25 Nm (18
lbf/ft).
20.Secure tie bar to mounting arm and steering box.
Tighten fixings to
81 Nm (60 lbf/ft),starting with
tie bar to mounting nut, then loosen fixings by
one complete turn.
21.Check steering box and adjust if necessary
See
Adjustment, Power steering box - adjust
.
22.Refit drag link to drop arm and tighten nut to
40
Nm (30 lbf/ft).
Fit new split pin to retaining nut.

57STEERING
8
REPAIRREV: 05/99 LOWER STEERING SHAFT AND UNIVERSAL
JOINTS
Service repair no - 57.40.16
Remove
1.Remove vehicle bonnet.
2.Set road wheels and steering wheel in straight
ahead position.
3.Mark relationship of steering column inner shaft
to top universal joint.
4.Remove 2 bolts from top universal joint.
5.Remove lower bolt from bottom universal joint.
6.Slacken upper bolt of lower universal joint and
withdraw shaft.
7.Inspect upper and lower universal joints for wear
and excessive play, renew if necessary.
8.Inspect universal joints for stiffness, lubricate if
necessary.Refit
9.Fit universal joints so pinch bolt holes line up
with flat on shaft. Note that the long joint is fitted
to short length of shaft and short joint to long
end.
10.With steering lock engaged and road wheels in
straight ahead position, line up assembly marks.
11.Position shaft assembly onto steering column.
Move assembly up spline to enable lower
universal joint to fit onto steering box splines.
12.Align bolt holes with grooves in splines. Fit pinch
bolts and tighten to
25 Nm (18 lbf/ft).
STEERING WHEEL
Service repair no - 57.60.01
Remove
1.Set road wheels and steering wheel in straight
ahead position.
2.Prise decal from steering wheel pad.
3.Remove retaining nut and shakeproof washer.
Make alignment marks on column and wheel
pad.
4.Withdraw steering wheel from column spline.
Refit
5.Turn indicator cancelling ring so that slots are
vertical and lug with arrow points to the left, in
direction of indicator switch.
6.Ensure front road wheels are in straight ahead
position.
7.Fit steering wheel with finisher attachment lug at
the bottom, ensuring indicator cancelling forks
locate in cancelling ring slots. Align assembly
marks.
8.Secure wheel with retaining nut and new
shakeproof washer. Tighten to
43 Nm (32 lbf/ft).

STEERING
9
REPAIR REV: 05/99 STEERING COLUMN LOCK
Service repair no - 57.40.28
Remove
1.Disconnect battery.
2.Set road wheels in straight ahead position.
3.Remove steering wheel
See Steering wheel.
4.Remove instrument panel
See INSTRUMENTS,
Repair, Instrument panel
.
5.Remove steering column nacelle
See Steering
column nacelle
.
6.Note position of harness leads on back of starter
switch and disconnect lucars. If fitted, remove
alarm system passive coil from switch
See
ELECTRICAL, Repair, Vehicle immobilisation
and alarm system
.
7.Using a punch or stud extractor remove 2 shear
bolts securing steering lock/starter switch to
column.
8.Remove steering lock and collect 2 washers
between lock and clamp.
Refit
9.Fit steering lock/switch in position and line up
with switch plunger.
10.Secure lock to column with clamp and new shear
bolts. Evenly tighten bolts but do not shear them.
11.Temporarily fit steering wheel and operate lock
and switch mechanism to ensure it functions
correctly.
12.Fully tighten retaining bolts until heads shear.
13.Connect harness leads to rear of starter switch.
If applicable, fit alarm system passive coil
See
ELECTRICAL, Repair, Vehicle immobilisation
and alarm system
.14.Fit steering column nacelle
See Steering
column nacelle
.
15.Fit instrument panel
See INSTRUMENTS,
Repair, Instrument panel
.
16.Fit steering wheel
See Steering wheel.
17.Reconnect battery.

STEERING
13
REPAIR REV: 05/99 TRACK ROD AND LINKAGE
Service repair no - 57.55.09
Remove
1.Park vehicle on level ground and chock rear
wheels.
2.Raise vehicle and locate axle stands or use a
ramp.
3.Centralise steering
See Adjustment,
Centralise steering box
.
4.Unscrew 2 bolts and remove track rod protection
bracket from axle differential housing.
5.Remove split pin and castellated nut securing
track rod to swivel housing arms.
6.Disconnect track rod ball joints using
LRT-57-018.
7.Remove track rod.
8.Slacken clamp bolts.
9.Unscrew ball joints.