1994 MAZDA MX-5 engine oil

ENGINE COOLANT ENGINE COOLANT PREPARATION SST INSPECTION 49 9200 145 Adapter set, radiator cap tester Warning Removing the radiator cap or the coolant drain plug while the engine is running, or when the engine and radiator are hot is dangerous. Scalding coolant and steam may shoot out and cause serious injury. It may also damage the engine and cooling system. Turn off the engine and wait until it is cool. Even then, be very careful when removing the cap. Wrap a thick cloth around it and slowly turn it counterclockwise to the first stop. Step back while the pressure escapes. When you're sure all the pressure is gone, press down on the cap - still using a cloth -turn it, andremove it. For inspection of cooling system pressure Coolant Level (Engine Cold) 1. Verify that the coolant level is near the radiator filler neck. 2. Verify that the coolant level in the coolant reservoir is be- tween the FULL and LOW marks. Add coolant if neces- sary. u Note The distance between the LOW and FULL marks on the coolant reservoir represents 4.5 L (4.8 US qt, 4.0 Imp qt). Coolant Quality 1. Verify that there is no buildup of rust or scale around the radiator cap or radiator filler neck. 2. Verify that coolant is free of oil. Replace the coolant if necessary. 49 9200 146 Adapter A (Part of 49 9200 145) Coolant Leakage 1. Connect a radiator tester (commercially available) and the SST to the radiator filler neck. 2. Apply 103 kPa (1.05 kgf/cm2, 14.9 psi} pressure to the system. 3. Verify that the pressure is held. If not, check for coolant leakage. For inspection of cooling system pressure / V Caution Apply more than 103 kPa (1.05 kgf/cm2, 14.9 psi) can damage the hoses, fittings, and other compo- nents, and cause leaks. Gartner Banana

WATER PUMP WATER PUMP REMOVAL I INSTALLATION 1. Disconnect the negative battery cable. 2. Drain the engine coolant. (Refer to page E-5 for WARNING and procedure) 3. Remove in the order shown in the figure, referring to Removal Note. 4. Install in the reverse order of removal. 1. Timing belt 4. Water pump Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Section B Inspect for cracks, damaged mounting sur- 2. PIS oil pump face, bearing condition, and leakage. Removal Note . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page E-1 1 If the water pump is damage, replace it. 3. Water hose Do not repair it. 5. Water inlet pipe Gartner Banana

F OUTLINE SPECIFICATIONS Item Specification I Throttle body Throat diameter mm {in) I 55 I2.2) Idle speed rpm Ignition timing BTDC 800-900 (850 -+ 50)[MIb, 750-850 (800 + 50)[ATJe 9"-11" (10" k 1 ")* ~ut~~~ressure kPa {kgf/cm2, psi) 1 46-57 14.9--6.7,6%95) Fuel filter Fuel pump TY pe -- m&e regulator Impeller (in-tank) Low-pressure side Hi~h-pressure side Nylon element Paper element Fuel injector TY pe I High-ohmic Type Regulating pressure kPa {kgf/cm2, psi) Diaphragm 26S314 (2.7--3.2,38--46) ldle Air Control Valve Solenoid resistance n 1 10.7-1 2.3 (at 20°C {M°F)) Type of drive Resistance R Voltage 12-1 6 (at 20°C {68"F)) I Solenoid resistance 1 23-27 (at 20°C (68"FJ) I -- brankshaft position sensor d Air valve Opening temperature I Resistance Below 40°C {I 04°F) TY pe Capacity L {US gal, Imp gal) I 48 {12.7, 10.5) Air cleaner housing Purae solenoid valve Hall effect Engine coolant temperature sensor Free play mm (in) I 1-3 {0.0394.118) Fuel Specification 1 Unleaded regular (RON 87 or higher) Element type I I -. I *... With System Selector (49 B019 9AO) test switch at SELF TEST. 35UOFX-004 Oil permeated Accelerator cable Gartner Banana

OUTLINE F COMPONENT DESCRIPTIONS Component Air cleaner housing Air valve Remark Function Filters air entering throttle body When cold, supplies bypass air into dynamicchamber w Engine speed increased to shorten warm-up period Thermowax type Barometric absolute pressure sensor Detects barometric absolute pressure; sends signal to powertrain control module (engine) 3uilt-in PCME Charcoal canister Clutch switch (MT) Stores gas tank fumes while engine stopped Detects in-gear condition: sends signal to powertrain control module (engine) --- ~witch OFF when clutch pedal released Crankshaft position sen- sor Detects No.1 cylinder TDC; sends signal to powertrain control module (engine) Detects crank angle at 180" intervals; sends signal to powertrain control module (engine) Data link connector Concentrated service connector Concentrated terminals are: 1. CIS on-board diagnosis terminal 2. Initial set terminal 3. Fuel pump check terminal Dynamic chamber Interconnects all cylinders Detects coolant temperature; sends signal to powertrain control module (engine) Recircurates oortion of exhaust aas Engine coolant temperature sensor EGR control valve lnstalled in EGR control valve EGR function sensor Detects EGR control valve operating position; send sig- nal to PCME EGR solenoid valve (vent) Controls vacuum to EGR control valve (vent side) Controlled by duty signal from PCME . - EGR solenoid valve (vac- Controls vacuum to EGR control valve (vacuum side) 0 Controlled by duty signal from PCME uum) Fuel filter Filters particles from fuel Injects fuel into intake port Fuel injector Controlled by signals from powertrain control module (engine) High-ohmic injector 0 Sinale port injector nozzle Fuel pump Provides fuel to fuel injectors 0 operates while engine running lnstalled in fuel tank Fuel pump relay Voltage for fuel pump while engine running Fuel vapor valve Prevents fuel from entering canister during vehicle roll over Heated oxygen sensor Detects oxygen concentration; sends signal to power- train control module (engine) 0 Zirconia ceramic and platinum coating ldle air control valve Controls bypass air amount Controlled by duty signal from powertrain control module (engine) Controls idle-up lnstalled in throttle position sensor lnstalled in ignition coil ldle switch Igniter Detects idle condition; sends signal to PCME Receives spark signal from powertrain control module (engine) and generates high voltage in ignition coil Detects high voltage ignition; sends substitute ignition signal to powertrain control module (engine) Ignition switch (START position) Sends engine cranking signal to powertrain control mod- ule (engine) Intake air temperature sensor Detects intake air temperature: sends signal to powertrain control module (engine) Installed in mass airflow sensor Main relay Supplies electric current to fuel injectors, powertrain control module (engine), etc. Gartner Banana

TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE DIAGNOSTIC INDEX Cranks normally but will not start (No com- Engine cranks at normal speed but shows no sign of bustion) I #firingN I F-17 I No. 1 TROUBLESHOOTING ITEM Will not crank or cranks slowly -- -- Cranks normally but will not start (Partial combustion) -When engine is cold Cranks normally but will not start (Partial combustion) - After warm-up Cranks normally but hard to start - Always Cranks normally but hard to start - When engine is cold - Engine cranks at normal speed but shows partial com- bustion and will not continue to run Engine cranks at normal speed but shows partial com- bustion and will not continue to run after running and hot soaked Engine cranks at normal speed but requires excessive cranking time (more than 5 sec.) before starting Same condition as No.5 when engine is cold Restarts OK after warm-up 8 DESCRIPTION Refer to Engine Electrical System Low idle speed1Rough idle - Before warm- UP Low idle speed/Rough idle -After warm-up PAGE SECTION G Cranks normally but hard to start - After warm-up Rough idle - Always Engine speed low or engine vibrates excessively at idle during warm-up Engine runs normally at idle during warm-up but vi- brates excessively after warm-up High idle speed - After warm-up Low idle speed - When NC, PIS, or EIL ON l5 1 Engine stalls at idle - Always Engine starts normally but vibrates excessively and stalls at idle in every condition I F40 1 13 14 Same condition as No.5 after running and hot soaked Starts normally when cold Engine vibrates excessively at idle in every condition Engine idle excessive for operation mode Engine speed decreases at idle when NC, PIS, or EIL is ON 18 1 Engine stalls during start-up 1 Engine unexpectedly stops running while starting I F-45 F-26 F-27 F-34 F-36 Rough idle just after starting Idle moves up and down 16 17 l9 1 Engine stalls on deceleration I Engine unexpectedly stops running while decelerating or after deceleration Engine starts normally but vibrates excessively only just after starting Engine speed up and down periodically at idle Engine stalls at idle - Before warm-up Engine stalls at idle - After warm-up Engine stalls at idle -When AIC, PIS, or EIL running at idle when 1 20 1 ON I F-50 1 F-37 F-38 I I . . I 21 1 Engine stalls suddenly (Intermittent) I Engine intermittently stops running I F-52 Engine starts normally but vibrates excessively and stalls at idle before warm-up Engine runs normally at idle during warm-up but be- comes rouclh and stalls after warm-up F-43 F-44 24 1 Lack of power Performance is poor under load Maximum speed re- 1 duced I F-57 I Hesitates/Stumbles on acceleration Surges while cruising I I I 25 / Poor acceleration I Performance is poor while accelerating 1 F-61 I Flat spot occurs just after accelerator is depressed or mild jerking occurs during acceleration Unexpected, usually repetitive change in engine speed Knocking F-53 F-55 Runs rough on deceleration1Afterburn Abnormal combustion accompanied by audible "ping- ing" noise I F-67 I Engine runs rough while decelerating and abnormal combustion in exhaust system 1 30 1 High oil consumption I Oil consumption excessive I F-70 1 F-65 28 1 Fuel odor 29 / Exhaust sulfur smell 1 31 1 Poor fuel economy I Fuel economy unsatisfactory I F-71 I Gasoline odor in cabin Exhaust gas smells abnormal (rotten egg smell) F-69 F-70 Gartner Banana

TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE INSPECTION :heck for correct ignition timing at idle page F-76 gnition timing: 10" .t lo BTDC ;heck if spark plugs are OK RBON BUILDUP PLUG GAP 1 .O-l.lmrn b.040--0.043 in} DAMAGE AND DETERIORATION DAMAGE :heck if resistance of high-tension leads are OK lesistance: 16 k!2 per 1 m (3.28 ft) :heck if resistance of ignition coil is OK Section G lesistance (at 20°C (66°F)): Secondary coil ... 8.7-12.9 'heck for correct engine compression Section B ngine compression: 1,255483 kPa (12.8-9.0 kgf/cm2, 182-128 psiE.300 rpm Yes No Yes No - Yes Yes No - Yes - No ACTION Check if ignition timing advances when accelerating s, If advances, go to next step +, If no advance, replace PCME terminal voltages page F-143 Adjust page F-76 Go to next step Repair, clean, or replace us Section G Go to next step Replace w Section G Go to next step Replace Section G 30 to next step Zheck engine condition w Section B D Worn piston, piston rings or cylinder wall D Defective cylinder head gasket Distorted cylinder head Improper valve seating B Valve sticking in guide Gartner Banana

TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE INSPECTION Check for correct ignition timing at idle t@= page F-76 Ignition timing: 10" +. lo BTDC Check if spark plugs are OK WEAR AND CARBON BUILDUP BURNS PLUG GAP 1 .+I .I mm (0.04C-O.043 in) DAMAGE AND DETERIORATION DAMAGE Check if resistance of high-tension leads are OK Resistance: 16 kR per lm {3.28 ft} Check if resistance of ignition coil is OK Section G Resistance (at 20°C {68"F)): Secondary coil ... 8.7-12.9 kC2 Check for correct engine compression Section 8 Engine compression: 1,255-883 kPa (12.8-9.0 kgf/cm2, 182-128 psi)-300 rpm :heck for correct intake manifold vacuum at idle Vacuum: More than 450 mmHg (17.7 inHg) - Yes - No Yes - No - Yes - No - Yes - No - Yes - No - Yes ACTION Check if ignition timing advances when accelerating o If advances, go to next step o If no advance, replace PCME page F-143 Adjust page F-76 Go to next step Repair, clean, or replace Ojp Section G Go to next step ~eplace as? Section G Go to next step Replace Section G - -- Go to next step :heck engine condition I@= Section B B Worn piston, piston rings or cylinder wall B Defective cylinder head gasket B Distorted cylinder head B Improper valve seating B Valve sticking in guide Check for air leakage of intake air system components as? page F-1 00 Gartner Banana

F TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE I [TROUBLESHOOTING HINTS] Hinh sulfur content fuel used 29 ISTEP l INSPECTION I ACTION I EXHAUST SULFUR SMELL I 1 I Chanae fuel to another brand I DESCRIPTION I Exhaust gas smells abnormal (Rotten egg smell) 30 I HIGH OIL CONSUMPTION TROUBLESHOOTING HINTS] D PCV system malfunction ne malfunction (Oil working up, working down, or leakage) INSPECTION Check if PCV hose, ventilation hose or their attach- ing nipples are separated, damaged, clogged, or restricted L@? page F-130 Check if air pressure or oil is present at ventilation hose VENTILATION Check if vacuum is felt at PCV valve at idle page F-130 Yes - No - Yes No - Yes ACTION Repair or replace e page F-122 Go to next step Go to next step Check engine condition Oil leakage Worn valve seal Worn valve stem Worn valve guide Section B Check engine condition Section B Worn piston ring groove Stuck piston ring Worn piston or cylinder Replace PCV valve page F-130 Gartner Banana