1992 VOLKSWAGEN CARAVELLE Owners Manual

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DO-IT-YOURSELF
Rear
At mounting for the rear trailing arm (left i lustration) Short wheelbase vehicles, when unladen
can as an exception be lifted on a single
col­

umn hoist.
The lifting point is then at the side member at reinforcement plate (illustration).
Vehicle
jack

Lifting with the vehicle jack is described on
page 120.
135
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TECHNICAL
DESCRIPTION

Engine
• 4 stroke petrol/Diesel engine, trans­
verse
installation
• 4/5 cylinders in-line
• Cast-iron cylinder block
• 5/6 bearing crankshaft
• Sheet metal sump
• Alloy cylinder head
• Valves operated via toothed belt and overhead camshaft
• Maintenance free valve gear
with
hy­ draulic tappets
• Cooling system filled for life of vehicle
• Radiator
with
separate expansion tank • Electric radiator fan controlled by ther-
moswitch
• Maintenance free electronic ignition
• Long-life spark plugs
• Optical and acoustic oil pressure warn­ ing
• Low maintenance battery
with
high starting capacity
• Long-life low maintenance V-belts
• Thermostatically controlled intake air preheating
• Dry air cleaner
with
paper element • Fuel
injection
engines
have fully
electronic engine management (combined
control of injection and ignition systems).
• Emission control system
with
Lambda probe on petrol engines (not in all Export
markets)
•
Diesel
engines
with
distributor injec­
tion
pump
with
cold start aid,
filter
preheat­
ing,
self-bleeding fuel system
• Long life exhaust system.
'36
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TECHNICAL
DESCRIPTION

Emission
control
system<122>

The exhaust emission control system effec­
tively reduces
the
amount
of
pollutants
in

the exhaust gas.
Petrol
engines

The main parts
of the
emission control
sys­

tem
are

•
a
mixture formation system which guar­ antees very exact composition
of
the air/pe­

trol
mixture
at all
engine speeds
•
the
catalytic converter
•
the
Lambda probe1'
The
catalytic
converter
is
installed
in

the exhaust system.
It
consists
of a
steel-
cased
ceramic
or
metal body containing
a
multitude
of
longitudinal
passages
which
are vapour coated
with
a
thin
layer
of
plati­
num
or
rhodium.
The exhaust gas flows through
the
catalytic converter
and
reacts
with
an
afterburning
process
when
it
contacts
the
precious
metal coating.

Lambda
=
Air/petrol relationship
)B19-
129
In
this process three pollutants (three-way
catalytic converter)
are
converted
as
fol­
lows.

• Carbon monoxide
to
carbon dioxide
• Hydrocarbons
to
water
• Nitrogen oxide
to
nitrogen
(four
fifths
of
the
air we
breathe
is
nitrogen).

A
stipulation
for the
proper functioning
of

the catalytic converter, however,
is
that
the
exhaust gas has
a
certain specific composi­

tion
and
minimum temperature when
it

enters
the
catalytic converter. To obtain this
composition, exact regulation
of the
fuel/air mixture
is
required. Avery exact regulation

is
obtained
with
a
Lambda probe. The Lambda
probe*
is
fitted
in the ex­

haust pipe where
it
measures
the
exhaust

gas
composition continuously. The informa­

tion
signal
is
fed
to
an electronic control
unit

which
in
turn
regulates
the
mixture forma­

tion
system so
that
the
mixture
is
kept
con­

stantly correct.
The exhaust emission control system tech­ nology
is so
well developed
that
no
addi­
tional maintenance whatsoever
is
required.

To
maintain
the
effectiveness
of the
emission
control system,
the
following
must
be
noted:
• Only
fill
up
with
unleaded petrol
- see
page
86.

• Never
run
tank completely empty
-
see page
85.

•
Do not
overfill engine
oil -
see page
98.

•
Do not
switch
off
ignition whilst driving - see page
39.

•
Do not tow
start vehicle
for
more than 50 m-see page 133.
137
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TECHNICAL
DESCRIPTION

Attention
Due to high temperatures which
can occur in the catalytic
con­

verter in very unfavourable conditions, the vehicle should not be parked so that the catalyt­
ic converter can come into
con­

tact with inflammable materials.
If whilst driving, the engine mis­
fires, loses power and runs uneven­ ly,
this
could be due to a fault in the ignition system. In a
case
like this,
unburnt fuel can enter the exhaust
system and then escape to atmos­
phere.
Furthermore, the catalytic
converter could become damaged
due to overheating. The vehicle
speed must be reduced immediately
and the defect should be eliminated
at the nearest Volkswagen dealer.
Note
Even
in the
case
of a
perfectly working
ex­

haust emission control system there can, under certain engine operating conditions,
be
a
sulphur-type exhaust
smell.

This
depends upon
the
sulphur content
in
the fuel being
used.
Quite often this can
be
remedied
by
select­
ing another brand
of
fuel
or,
filling
up
with

unleaded premium petrol.
50
kW
Diesel
engine

An
oxidation catalytic converter
is
fitted
in

the exhaust system
of
this Diesel engine.
It
consists
of
a steel-cased ceramic body
con­

taining
a
multitude
of
longitudinal
passages

which are vapour coated
with
platinum. The catalytic converter largely eliminates
the
unpleasant smelling hydrocarbons
and

turns carbon monoxide
into
carbon dioxide.
In addition
an
exhaust
gas
turbocharger
forces
air
into
the
cylinder, causing
the
en­
gine
to
operate
with
a high
excess
of
air. The
fuel which is then injected in is so complete­ ly
burnt,
that
under
full
load soot is no longer
visible
in the
exhaust.

As
the
diesel engine catalytic converter
does
not get
hotter than
a
conventional
ex­
haust system, under normal conditions
there
is
nothing special
to be
noted, this

applies
also
to
parking.
The system does
not
require any additional

care
or
maintenance.
Activated
charcoal
filter*

Vehicles
with
a
regulated catalytic
con­

verter,
in
Germany
and
other export countries, have
a
fuel system which
in­

cludes
an activated charcoal
filter
(petrol va­pour accumulator).
The activated charcoal
filter
prevents
the

fuel vapour escaping
into
the
atmosphere.

These
vapours
pass
into
a
container filled

with
activated charcoal and, when
the en­
gine
is
stationary they
are
accumulated
in

the activated charcoal. When
the
engine
is
running,
the
container
is
automatically
ventilated
by
opening
a
valve
and the
fuel
vapour
is fed
into
the
engine
for
combus­
tion.
The system works completely automati­

cally
and
is
maintenance-free.
138
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TECHNICAL
DESCRIPTION

Power
flow

Manual
gearbox

• Mechanically or hydraulically operated single plate dry clutch
• Baulk synchronized five speed manual gearbox and final drive in one housing.
• Common lubrication for gearbox and final drive. Permanent oil filling
• Front wheel drive

Automatic
gearbox*

• Hydro-dynamic torque converter
with
lock-up clutch to eliminate converter slip in
3rd speed (under certain driving conditions)
and (always) in 4th speed
• Planetary gearbox
with
4 forward gears
• Two electronically controlled selectable driving programmes
• Flanged on final drive
with
separate lubri­ cation and life-long oil filling
• Front wheel drive
Steering,
Axles

Steering

• Maintenance free rack and pinion steer­ ing
• Steering column
with
angled joints
• Steering pinion and column connected by angled shaft
with
two universal joints
• Hydraulically assisted steering
(PAS)*

Front
axle

• Independent wheel suspension
with
double wishbones, shock absorbers and
anti-roll bars
• Longitudinal mounted torsion bar

Rear
axle

• Independent suspension
with
diagonally trailing arms, coil springs and shock ab­

sorbers.
Brakes

• Hydraulic dual circuit brakes
•
Disc
brakes at
front

• Self adjusting drum brakes at rear
• Brake servo
• Pressure/load-sensitive brake pressure regulator for rear axle
• Mechanical handbrake effective on rear wheels
• Anti-locking brake system
(ABS)*
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TECHNICAL
DESCRIPTION

Body
• Unitary construction body/ chassis • Floor frame reinforced by side and cross members
• Long term body protection
with
special high-quality materials-this makes possible
the long warranty period for paint defects
and
rust penetration (see Service Schedule)
Environment
compatibil­

ity Protection of the environment played a de­

cisive
role in the construction, selection of materials and manufacture. Amongst other
things special attention was given to the fol­ lowing points:

Constructive
measures
for econ­
omic recycling
• Disassembly-friendly design of joints
•
Easier
disassembly by modular
con­
struction methods
• Improved
purity
of materials
• All larger plastic parts marked in accord­
ance
with
VDA recommendation 260.

Selection
of
material

• Refrigerant for air conditioner*
CFC
free
• Materials which can be recycled are
used
as far as possible
• Use of similar plastic
within
an assembly group
• Use of materials which have been re­
cycled

• PVC not
used,
when possible to use an alternative material
• No Cadmium
• No Asbestos
• No leaded paint
• Reduction in vapours emitted by plastics
Manufacture

• Recycled material used for the manufac­
ture
of plastic parts
• Solvents abandoned for the cavity
seal­
ing
• Use of water based paints
• Solvent free transport preservation • Use of solvent free bonding agents
•
CFCs
abandoned as far as possible dur­ ing manufacture
• Surplus material recycled as far as
poss­
ible to gain energy and manufacturing sup­

port
materials
• The water required during manufacture
is
reprocessed.
140
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TECHNICAL DATA

General information
Where
not
otherwise indicated
or
listed separately,
all the
following
technical data
is for
standard
ve­
hicles
in
Germany. For special vehicles
and
vehicles
for

other countries these figures
may be

different.
Please note that
the
details
in the

official vehicle documents
can be

taken
as the
correct figures. Which engine
is
fitted
in
your
ve­

hicle
can be
found
in the
vehicle
data
in the
Service Schedule
or in

the official vehicle paperwork.
ENGINE DATA
Output11

kW
(BHP)
at
rpm
Maximum

torque

Nm
at rpm
Num­

ber
of

cylin­
ders
Ca­

pacity

cm3
Stroke

mm
Bore

mm
Com­

pres­
sion
Fuel2'

Petrol engines
with regulated
catalyst 62 (84)
/
4300

159/2200
4

1968
95.5
81.0

8.5
91
RON
unleaded
Petrol engines
with regulated
catalyst
81
(110)/4500

190/2200
5
2461
95.5
81.0

8.5
91
RON
unleaded
Diesel engines 45 (61)/3700

127/1700-2500
4

1896
95.5 79.5
22.5
Diesel

Diesel engines

503>
(68)
/
3700
140/2000-3000
4
1896

95.5 79.5
22.5
Diesel

Diesel engines
57 (78)/3700
164/1800-2200
5
2370
95.5
79.5 22.5
Diesel

Petrol engines
without cata­
lyst41
62 (84)
/
4300
1 59/2200 4
1968

95.5
81.0

8.5
91
RON
unleaded/leaded

11 According to EC or DIN regulations. Due to different methods of measuring, slight
deviations are possible. 21 For further details -
31 With catalyst see page 86.
4) Only for some export countries
141
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TECHNICAL DATA

Performance

Maximum
speed flaps,
very
wide
tyres
etc. which affect the

in
km/h performance.
The performance figures were measured
without the vehicle being fitted with any
equipment
such as air conditioner, mud
Caravelle, Kombi,
Multivan,

Delivery van
Pick-up

High
roof Kombi,

High
roof Delivery van
Double
cab

Petrol
engines
with
catalytic
converter

62 kW Manual gearbox 144 128
137 132
81 kW Manual gearbox 158 142
151 146

Automatic
154
138 147 142

Diesel
engines

45 kW Manual gearbox 128 115
122 117
50 kW Manual gearbox 132 119
126 121
57 kW Manual gearbox 137 124
131 126

Automatic
133 120
127 122

Petrol
engines
without
catalytic
converter

62 kW Manual gearbox 144
128 137
132
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