1982 CHEVROLET CAMARO ESP

GM – CAMARO 1982-1992 – Repair Guide (Checked by WxMax) 37
WINDSHIELD AND FIXED GLASS
REMOVAL & INSTALLATION
If your windshield, or other fixed window,
is cracked or chipped, you may decide
to replace it with a new one yourself. Ho wever, there are two main reasons why
replacement windshields and other windo w glass should be installed only by a
professional automotive glass technician: safety and cost.
The most important reason a professional should install automotive glass is for
safety. The glass in the vehicle, espec ially the windshield, is designed with
safety in mind in case of a collision. The windshield is specially manufactured
from two panes of specia lly-tempered glass with a th in layer of transparent
plastic between them. This construction allows the glass to "give" in the event
that a part of your body hits the windshiel d during the collision, and prevents the
glass from shattering, which could caus e lacerations, blinding and other harm to
passengers of the vehicle. The other fixed windows are designed to be
tempered so that if they break during a coll ision, they shatter in such a way that
there are no large pointed glass piec es. The professional automotive glass
technician knows how to install the glass in a vehicle so that it will function
optimally during a collision. Without the proper experience, knowledge and
tools, installing a piece of automotive glass yourself could lead to additional
harm if an accident should ever occur.
Cost is also a factor when deciding to install automotive glass yourself.
Performing this could cost you much more than a professional may charge \
for
the same job. Since the windshield is designed to break under stress, an often
life saving characteristic, windshields tend to break VERY easily when an
inexperienced person attempts to install one. Do-it-yourselfers buying two, three
or even four windshields from a salvage yard because they have broken them
during installation are common stories. Also, since the automotive glass is
designed to prevent the out side elements from entering your vehicle, improper
installation can lead to water and air lea ks. Annoying whining noises at highway
speeds from air leaks or inside body pane l rusting from water leaks can add to
your stress level and subtract from y our wallet. After buying two or three
windshields, installing them and ending up with a leak that produces a noise
while driving and water damage during ra instorms, the cost of having a
professional do it correctly the first time may be much more alluring. The editors
of this repair guide, therefore, advise that you have a professional automotive
glass technician service any broken glass on your vehicle.
WINDSHIELD CHIP REPAIR
Check with your state and local authori ties on the laws for state safety
inspection. Some states or municipalities may not allow chip repair as a viable
option for correcting stone damage to your windshield.
Although severely cracked or damaged winds hields must be replaced, there is
something that you can do to prolong or even prevent the need for replacement
of a chipped windshield. T here are many companies wh ich offer windshield chip

GM – CAMARO 1982-1992 – Repair Guide (Checked by WxMax) 54

Fig. 2: Adjusting the rear drum brakes
The drum brakes are designed to self -adjust when applied with the car moving
in reverse. However, they can al so be adjusted manually. This manual
adjustment should also be performed when ever the linings are replaced.
1. Use a punch to knock out the lanced ar ea in the brake backing plate. If this
is done with the drum installed on the car, the drum must then be removed
to clean out all metal pieces. After adj ustments are complete, obtain a hole
cover to prevent entry of dirt and water into the brakes.
On many vehicles the metal plat e may have already been removed and
replaced with a rubber plug
2. Use an adjusting tool especially m ade for the purpose to turn the brake
adjusting screw star wheel. Use a smal l screwdriver to push the adjusting
lever away from star wheel when adj usting brakes. Expand the shoes until
the drum can just be turned by hand. The drag should be equal at all the
wheel.
3. Back off the adjusting screw 12 notches. If the shoes still are dragging
lightly, back off the adjusting screw one or two additional notches. If the
brakes still drag, the par king brake adjustment is in correct or the parking
brake is applied. Fi x and start over.
4. Install the hole cover into the drum.
5. Check the parking brake adjustment.

GM – CAMARO 1982-1992 – Repair Guide (Checked by WxMax) 137
voltage) is present; it only means that so
me voltage is present. It is advisable
before using the test light to touch its ground clip and probe across the battery
posts or terminals to make sure the light is operating properly.
WARNING - Do not use a test light to probe electronic ignition, spark plug or
coil wires. Never use a pick-type test light to probe wiring on computer
controlled systems unless spec ifically instructed to do so. Any wire insulation
that is pierced by the test light pr obe should be taped and sealed with silicone
after testing
Like the jumper wire, the 12 volt test li ght is used to isolate opens in circuits.
But, whereas the jumper wire is used to bypass the open to operate the load,
the 12 volt test light is us ed to locate the presence of voltage in a circuit. If the
test light illuminates, there is power up to t hat point in the circuit; if the test light
does not illuminate, there is an open circui t (no power). Move the test light in
successive steps back toward the power source until the light in the handle
illuminates. The open is between the pr obe and a point which was previously
probed.
The self-powered test light is similar in design to the 12 volt test light, but
contains a 1.5 volt penlight battery in the handle. It is most often used in place
of a multimeter to check for open or shor t circuits when power is isolated from
the circuit (continuity test).
The battery in a self-powered test light does not provide much current. A weak
battery may not provide enough power to illuminate the test light even when a
complete circuit is made (especially if there is high resistance in the circuit).
Always make sure that the test battery is strong. To check the battery, briefly
touch the ground clip to the pr obe; if the light glows brightly, the battery is strong
enough for testing.
A self-powered test light should not be used on any co mputer controlled system
or component. The small amount of electr icity transmitted by the test light is
enough to damage many electr onic automotive components.
MULTIMETERS
Multimeters are an extremely useful tool for troubleshooting electrical problems.
They can be purchased in either analog or digital form and have a price range
to suit any budget. A multimeter is a voltmeter, ammeter and ohmmeter (along
with other features) combined into one instrument. It is often used when testing
solid state circuits because of its hi gh input impedance (usually 10 megaohms
or more). A brief description of the mult imeter main test functions follows:
• Voltmeter - the voltmeter is used to measure voltage at any point in a
circuit, or to measure the voltage drop across any part of a circuit.
Voltmeters usually have various scales and a selector switch to allow the
reading of different volt age ranges. The voltmeter has a positive and a
negative lead. To avoid damage to the meter, always connect the
negative lead to the negative (—) side of the circ uit (to ground or nearest

GM – CAMARO 1982-1992 – Repair Guide (Checked by WxMax) 141
4. To isolate the short, probe a test point
at either end of the isolated circuit
(the light should be on or the mete r should indicate continuity).
5. Leave the test light probe engaged and sequentiall y open connectors or
switches, remove parts, etc. until t he light goes out or continuity is
broken.
6. When the light goes out, the shor t is between the last two circuit
components which were opened.
VOLTAGE
This test determines voltage available fr om the battery and should be the first
step in any electrical troubleshooting pr ocedure after visual inspection. Many
electrical problems, especially on co mputer controlled systems, can be caused
by a low state of charge in the battery. Excessive corrosion at the battery cable
terminals can cause poor contact that will prevent proper charging and f\
ull
battery current flow.
1. Set the voltmeter selector switch to the 20V position.
2. Connect the multimeter negative lead to the battery's negative (-) post or
terminal and the positive lead to t he battery's positive (+) post or
terminal.
3. Turn the ignition switch ON to provide a load.
4. A well charged battery should register over 12 volts. If the meter reads
below 11.5 volts, the battery power may be insufficient to operate the
electrical system properly.
VOLTAGE DROP

Fig. 2: This voltage drop test revealed high resistance (low voltage) in the circuit

GM – CAMARO 1982-1992 – Repair Guide (Checked by WxMax) 142
When current flows through
a load, the voltage beyond the load drops. This
voltage drop is due to the resistance created by the load and also by small
resistances created by corrosion at the connectors and damaged insulation on
the wires. The maximum allo wable voltage drop under load is critical, especially
if there is more than one load in t he circuit, since all voltage drops are
cumulative.
1. Set the voltmeter selector s witch to the 20 volt position.
2. Connect the multimeter negative lead to a good ground.
3. Operate the circuit a nd check the voltage prior to the first component
(load).
4. There should be little or no voltage drop in the circuit prior to the fi\
rst component. If a voltage drop exists, the wire or connectors in the circuit
are suspect.
5. While operating the first component in the circuit, probe the ground side
of the component with the positive meter lead and observe the voltage
readings. A small voltage drop should be noticed. This voltage drop is
caused by the resistance of the component.
6. Repeat the test for each component (load) down the circuit.
7. If a large voltage drop is noticed, the preceding component, wire or
connector is suspect.
RESISTANCE

Fig. 3: Checking the resistance of a coolant temperature sensor with an
ohmmeter. Reading is 1.04 kilohms

GM – CAMARO 1982-1992 – Repair Guide (Checked by WxMax) 304
Never release a depressed clutch pedal
with the bleeder screw open or air will
be drawn into the system.
AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION

UNDERSTANDING AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSIONS
The automatic transmission allows eng ine torque and power to be transmitted
to the rear wheels within a narrow range of engine operating speeds. It will
allow the engine to turn fast enough to produce plenty of power and torque at
very low speeds, while keeping it at a s ensible rpm at high vehicle speeds (and
it does this job without driv er assistance). The transmission uses a light fluid as
the medium for the transmission of power. This fluid also works in the operation
of various hydraulic control circui ts and as a lubricant. Because the
transmission fluid performs all of thes e functions, trouble within the unit can
easily travel from one part to another. For this reason, and because of the
complexity and unusual oper ating principles of the transmission, a very sound
understanding of the basic principles of operation will simplify troubleshooting.
TORQUE CONVERTER
The torque converter replaces the convent ional clutch. It has three functions:
1. It allows the engine to idle with t he vehicle at a standstill, even with the
transmission in gear.
2. It allows the transmission to shi ft from range-to-range smoothly, without
requiring that the driver close the throttle during the shift.
3. It multiplies engine torque to an incr easing extent as vehicle speed drops
and throttle opening is increased. This has the effect of making the
transmission more responsive and redu ces the amount of shifting
required.
The torque converter is a metal case which is shaped like a sphere that
has been flattened on opposite sides. It is bolted to the rear end of the
engine's crankshaft. Generally, the ent ire metal case rotates at engine
speed and serves as the engine's flywheel.
The case contains three sets of bl ades. One set is attached directly to
the case. This set forms the torus or pump. Another set is directly
connected to the output shaft, and forms the turbine. The third set is
mounted on a hub which, in turn, is mounted on a stationary shaft
through a one-way clutch. This third set is known as the stator.
A pump, which is driven by the conv erter hub at engine speed, keeps the
torque converter full of transmission fluid at all times. Fluid flows
continuously through the unit to provide cooling.
Under low speed acceleration, the tor que converter functions as follows:

GM – CAMARO 1982-1992 – Repair Guide (Checked by WxMax) 310
modulator pressure rises as the thro
ttle is opened wider. By responding to these
two pressures, the shift valves caus e the upshift points to be delayed with
increased throttle opening to make the bes t use of the engine's power output.
Most transmissions also make use of an auxiliary circuit for downshifting. This
circuit may be actuated by the throttle linkage the vacuum line which actuates
the modulator, by a cable or by a solenoid. It applies pressure to a special
downshift surface on the shift valve or valves.
The transmission modulator also governs the line pressure, used to actuate the
servos. In this way, the clutches and bands will be actuated with a force
matching the torque output of the engine.
IDENTIFICATION

Two types of transmissions are used on th e vehicles; Turbo Hydra-Matic 200C
3-speed and Turbo Hydra-Matic 700-R4 4-speed. Beginning in 1991, the 700-
R4 was redesignated the 4L60.

FLUID PAN
REMOVAL, FLUID/FILTER CH ANGE, & INSTALLATION
Refer to General Information & Ma intenance for fluid pan procedures.
ADJUSTMENTS
BANDS
There are no band adjustments possible or required.

GM – CAMARO 1982-1992 – Repair Guide (Checked by WxMax) 367
5.0L AND 5.7L ENGINES

Fig. 3: Engine mountin g points for the V8
1. Disconnect the negative battery cable.
2. Mark the location of the hood on the hood hinges and remove the hood.
3. Remove the air cleaner.
4. Drain the cooling system.
5. Remove the radiator hoses.
6. Disconnect the transmission cooler li nes, the electrical connectors and
retaining clips at the fan and remove the fan and shroud.
7. Remove the radiator.
8. Remove the accessory drive belt.
9. Disconnect the throttle cable.
10. Remove the plenum extension scr ews and the plenum extension, if
equipped.
11. Disconnect the spark plug wires at the distributor and remove the
distributor.
12. Disconnect the necessary vacuum hoses and wiring.
13. Disconnect the power steering and air conditioning compressors from
their respective brackets and lay them aside.
14. Properly relieve the fuel system pressure. Disconnect the fuel lines.
15. Disconnect the negative battery cable at the engine block.
16. Raise and safely support the vehicle.
17. Remove the exhaust pipes at the exhaust manifolds.
18. Remove the flywheel cover and remove the converter to flywheel bolts.
19. Disconnect the starter wires.
20. Remove the bellhousing bolts and the motor mount through-bolts.
21. Lower the vehicle.
22. Support the transmission with a suitable jack.