Rear
Axle
Rear
Suspension
TROUBLE
DIAGNOSES
AND
CORRECTIONS
When
rear
axle
and
suspension
is
suspected
of
being
noisy
it
is
advis
able
to
make
thorough
test
to
deter
mine
whether
the
noise
originates
in
the
tir
s
roads
rfac
exhaust
propeller
shaft
engine
transmission
universal
joint
wheel
bearings
or
suspension
Noise
which
originates
in
other
places
cannot
be
corrected
by
adjust
Condition
Noise
unusual
sound
Instability
in
driving
This
problem
is
also
related
to
the
front
suspension
For
trouble
diagnosis
also
refer
to
the
FA
section
Oil
leakage
Probable
cause
Loose
wheel
nuts
One
or
more
securing
bolts
loose
Lack
oflubricating
oil
or
grease
Faulty
shock
absorber
Incorrect
adjustment
of
rear
axle
shaft
end
play
Damaged
or
worn
wheel
bearing
Worn
spline
portion
of
rear
axle
shaft
Breakage
of
leaf
spring
ose
journal
connections
etc
Unbalance
of
wheel
and
tire
Damage
of
the
rubber
parts
such
as
link
bU
hing
shock
absorber
moun
ting
bush
ing
Faulty
universal
joints
Breakage
of
coil
spring
Loose
wheel
nuts
Damaged
rear
link
rubber
bushings
Worn
shock
absorber
Incorrect
wheel
alignment
Spring
wear
Damaged
oil
seal
on
rear
axle
shaft
Oil
leakage
from
the
differential
carrier
Damaged
grease
seal
of
rear
axle
shaft
RA
l0
ment
or
replacement
of
parts
in
the
rear
axle
and
rear
suspension
In
case
of
oil
leak
first
check
if
there
is
any
damage
or
restriction
in
breather
Corrective
action
Tighten
Tighten
to
specified
torque
Lubricate
as
required
Replace
Adjust
Replace
Replace
if
necessary
Replace
Tighten
to
torque
Balance
Replace
damaged
parts
Adjust
or
replace
Replace
Tighten
to
specified
torque
Replace
Replace
Adjust
Replace
Replace
Replace
parts
as
required
Replace
INSTALLATION
INSTRUCTIONS
Typical
Glrllng
B
ake
Pad
SYIlem
Girling
disc
brakes
are
very
similar
to
ATE
disc
brakes
except
that
the
piston
seal
does
not
pul
the
piston
and
brake
pads
away
from
the
rotor
In
the
Girling
System
with
the
pistons
i
the
relaxeilposition
the
pad
just
touches
the
rotor
Ped
Removal
1
Raise
the
car
alid
removiHire
and
wheel
2
Girling
disc
brake
pads
ere
held
in
piece
either
by
a
retainer
plates
or
b
retainer
pins
Retainer
plates
are
boiled
to
the
caliper
housing
and
need
only
to
be
loosened
and
roteted
out
of
the
way
Some
models
use
anti
raWe
springs
which
must
be
replaced
whenever
new
pads
ere
installed
The
retainer
pins
are
held
in
place
by
hairpin
type
spring
clips
There
are
two
types
of
breke
pads
used
with
the
retainer
pins
One
is
cut
away
for
the
pin
end
the
other
is
drilled
These
padS
ere
definitely
not
interchengeable
3
Remove
the
reteiner
4
Lift
padS
up
and
out
of
the
celiper
Pad
Installation
1
Attach
a
piece
of
hose
to
the
bleeder
screw
and
place
the
hose
into
a
container
2
Open
bleeder
screw
one
turn
and
with
even
pressure
push
the
pistons
down
to
the
bottom
of
the
caliper
bores
3
Tighten
the
bleeder
screw
and
remove
the
piece
o
hose
This
procedure
makes
room
for
the
added
thickness
of
the
new
linings
4
Reposition
the
pad
retainer
and
the
anti
rattle
spring
i
used
and
tighten
the
bolts
or
replace
the
retaining
pins
and
screw
them
with
the
hairpin
Iips
5
Check
to
be
sure
you
have
a
high
hard
pedal
then
test
the
car
See
Instructions
On
Back
of
Ball
For
Correct
Usage
of
EMP
Gh11ng
dlac
brall
Ilmple
to
art
lc
Depending
III
ppU
aUon
atalnln
pilla
nd
clip
may
blt
placed
by
larga
QU
pin
Form
No
91
BR563
Fig
BR
10
Removing
Pad
Inspection
Clean
pads
with
cleaning
solvent
CAUTION
Use
brake
fluid
to
clean
Never
use
mineral
oil
2
When
pads
are
heavily
fouled
with
oil
or
grease
or
when
pad
is
deteriorated
or
deformed
replace
it
3
If
pad
is
worn
to
less
than
the
specified
value
replace
Pad
wear
limit
Minimum
thickness
t
6
mm
0
063
in
Note
Always
replace
pads
in
pad
kit
four
pads
two
clips
four
pad
pins
and
four
pad
springs
4
Check
rotor
referring
to
Rotor
for
inspection
Installetlon
I
Clean
and
apply
P
RC
grease
on
yoke
guide
groove
of
cylinder
body
sliding
contact
portions
of
yoke
and
end
surface
of
piston
Note
a
Do
not
use
common
brake
grease
b
Be
careful
not
to
get
brake
grease
on
rotor
and
pads
2
Loosen
air
bleeder
and
push
pis
ton
B
outer
piston
in
cylinder
until
end
surface
of
piston
B
coincides
with
end
surface
of
retaining
ring
on
boot
Then
inner
pad
can
be
installed
Brake
System
BR564
Fig
BR
11
Pushing
Piston
CAUTION
Piston
can
be
easily
pushed
in
by
hand
but
if
pushed
too
far
groove
of
piston
will
go
inside
of
piston
seal
as
shown
in
Fig
BR
12
At
this
point
if
piston
is
pressured
or
moved
piston
seal
will
be
damaged
If
piston
has
been
pushed
in
too
far
remove
brake
assembly
and
disassemble
it
Then
push
piston
out
in
the
direction
shown
by
arrow
Assemble
it
again
referring
to
follow
ing
section
00
I
Normal
I
position
L
BR409
Fig
BR
12
Position
for
Pushing
Piston
3
Push
piston
A
inner
piston
in
cylinder
by
pulling
yoke
as
shown
The
outer
pad
can
then
be
installed
BRS6S
Fig
BR
13
Pulling
in
Piston
A
BR
7
4
After
installing
pads
depress
brake
pedal
several
times
and
pads
will
settle
into
proper
position
Note
When
worn
out
pads
are
re
placed
with
new
ones
brake
fluid
may
overflow
reservoir
While
re
placing
pads
keep
loosening
bleeder
to
release
brake
fluid
5
Install
wheels
and
lower
car
to
ground
REMOVAL
I
Remove
pads
Refer
to
Pad
Re
placement
2
Remove
brake
tube
from
caliper
assembly
CAUTION
When
removing
brake
tube
use
suit
able
tube
wrench
Never
use
open
end
or
adjustable
wrench
Note
Plug
up
hole
in
caliper
so
that
brake
fluid
does
not
flow
out
from
cylinder
body
3
Loosen
bolts
securing
cylinder
body
to
knuckle
spindle
and
remove
caliper
assembly
from
strut
DISASSEMBLY
I
Drain
brake
fluid
from
top
hole
of
cylinder
body
2
Push
both
pistons
A
and
B
into
cylinder
Refer
to
Pad
Replacement
3
Tap
cylinder
body
lightly
with
a
plastic
hammer
Cylinder
will
then
separate
from
yoke
BR115A
Fig
BR
14
Tapping
Cylinder
Block
6
Apply
P
B
C
grease
to
yoke
slid
ing
part
of
cylinder
Then
reposition
bias
ring
so
that
groove
of
bias
ring
coincides
with
yoke
7
Leaving
yoke
springs
inserted
lightly
into
cylinder
groove
assemble
cylinder
body
and
yoke
by
pushing
or
tapping
yoke
lightly
BA570
Fig
BR
19
A
embling
Yoke
and
Cylinder
8
Install
air
bleeder
valve
on
caliper
INSTAlLATION
1
Install
in
reverse
procedure
of
removal
CAUTION
When
installing
brake
tube
use
Flare
Nut
Torque
Wrench
6694310000
fJ
Tightening
tOlque
Calipel
securing
bolts
4
6
to
6
1
kll
m
33
to
44
ft
lb
Brake
tube
flere
nuts
1
5to
1
8
kg
m
11
to
13
ft
Ib
2
After
installing
pad
bleed
air
from
system
Brake
System
ROTOR
REMOVAL
Refer
to
Front
Axle
Section
FA
for
removal
Note
As
this
value
increases
wear
occurs
progressively
vibration
cor
responding
to
revolution
of
tire
may
often
be
tmnsmitted
to
in
terior
of
car
INSPECTION
Check
the
following
items
and
if
necessary
replace
Checks
can
be
made
by
removing
only
wheel
Sliding
surface
If
there
are
cracks
or
considerable
chips
replace
2
Runout
Adjust
wheel
bearing
correctly
Using
a
dial
gauge
measure
runout
at
the
center
of
rotor
pad
contact
sur
face
Runout
limit
less
than
0
12
mm
0
0047
in
Total
indicator
reading
BR025A
Fig
BR
20
Mecuuring
Runout
3
Parallelism
Measure
thickness
of
entire
periph
cry
of
rotor
using
a
micrometer
Parallelism
when
new
less
than
0
03
mm
0
0012
in
BR
9
Fig
BR
21
Measuring
Parallelism
4
Thickness
If
rotor
thickness
is
beyond
wear
limit
replace
rotor
When
correcting
thickness
be
sure
that
the
thickness
after
correction
does
not
exceed
the
limit
Standard
thickness
10
0
mm
0
394
in
Wear
limit
more
than
8
4
mm
0
331
in
INSTALLATION
Install
rotor
in
reverse
order
of
removal
Adjust
wheel
bearing
preload
correctly
Refer
to
Front
Axle
Sec
tion
FA
for
adjustment
ifl
Tightening
torque
Rotor
to
wheel
hub
3
9
to
5
3
kg
m
28
to
38
ft
rb
FRONT
DISC
BRAKE
Pad
wear
limit
Minim
urn
thickness
Rotor
repair
limit
Runout
Parallelism
Thickness
DRUM
BRAKE
Lining
wear
limit
Minimum
thickness
Drum
repair
limit
Maximum
inner
diameter
Initial
stage
203
2
nun
8
in
Out
of
roundness
Radial
cunout
Taper
Wheel
cylinder
repair
limit
Piston
to
cylinder
clearance
TIGHTENING
TORQUE
Master
cylinder
to
brake
booster
Brake
booster
to
body
Brake
tube
flare
nut
Brake
hose
connector
Air
bleeder
valve
3
way
connector
mounting
bolt
Brake
warning
lamp
switch
lock
nut
Caliper
fixing
bolt
Rotor
fixing
bolt
Rear
brake
wheel
cylinder
mounting
bolts
Front
brake
baffle
plate
fixing
bolts
Rear
brake
disc
fixing
bolts
BRAKE
BOOSTER
Brake
booster
to
body
Operating
rod
lock
nut
Flange
io
shell
cover
Push
rod
adjusting
nut
nun
in
nun
in
nun
in
mm
in
nun
in
nun
in
mm
in
nun
in
mm
in
nun
in
kg
m
ft
lb
kg
m
ft
lb
kg
m
ft
Ib
kg
m
ft
lb
kg
m
ft
Ib
kg
m
ft
lb
kg
m
ft
Ib
kg
m
ft
lb
kg
m
ft
Ib
kg
m
ft
lb
kg
m
ft
Ib
kg
m
ft
Ib
kg
m
ft
lb
kg
m
ft
lb
kg
m
ft
lb
kg
m
ft
lb
Brake
System
BR
1B
1
6
0
063
less
than
0
12
0
0047
less
than
0
03
0
0012
more
than
8
4
0
331
1
5
0
059
204
5
8
05
less
than
0
02
0
0008
less
than
0
1
0
004
less
than
0
02
0
0008
less
than
0
15
0
0059
0
8
to
1
1
5
8
to
8
0
0
8
to
1
1
5
8
to
8
0
1
5
to
1
8
II
to
13
1
7
to
2
0
12
to
14
0
7
to
0
9
5
1
to
6
5
0
8
to
1
1
5
8
to
8
0
l
2
to
1
5
9
to
II
7
3
to
9
9
53
to
72
3
9
to
5
3
28
to
38
0
6
to
0
8
4
3
to
5
8
0
34
to
0
44
2
5
to
3
2
2
2
to
2
7
16
to
20
0
8
to
1
1
5
8
to
8
0
1
6
to
2
2
12
to
16
0
8
to
1
1
5
8
to
8
0
1
6
to
2
2
12
to
16
Condition
Unbalanced
brakes
Brakes
fade
Brakes
drag
Brake
System
Probable
cause
Improper
tire
inflation
Improp
r
adjustment
of
shoe
to
drum
clear
ance
Grease
oil
mud
or
water
on
linings
or
pads
Mud
in
brake
drum
Deterioration
oflinings
or
pads
Excessi
wear
of
linings
or
pads
Wheel
cylinder
in
poor
condition
Poor
sliding
condition
of
brake
shoe
Looseness
of
cylinder
body
or
back
plate
securing
bolts
Scored
or
out
f
round
drums
Sticking
wheel
cylinder
cups
Deformation
of
back
plate
Incorrect
adjustment
of
wheel
bearings
Incorrect
adjustment
of
wheel
aligoment
Looseness
of
leaf
spring
securing
U
bolts
Brake
fluid
has
too
low
boiling
point
Use
of
improper
linings
or
brake
linings
are
contaminated
Brake
drums
are
out
f
round
Hydraulic
connections
master
cylinder
and
wheel
cylinders
are
corroded
or
damaged
Bleed
screw
is
open
Pedal
linkage
is
binding
or
push
rod
adjust
ment
is
too
long
Master
cylinder
compensator
part
is
ob
structed
Seized
master
cylinder
piston
Poor
shoe
condition
Poor
wheel
cylinder
condition
Deformation
of
piston
cups
Poor
condition
of
caliper
because
of
faulty
piston
seals
Excessive
runaut
of
rotor
Hand
brake
will
not
return
Clogged
m
ter
cylinder
return
port
BR
20
Corrective
action
Inflate
to
correct
pressure
Readjust
Clean
brake
mechanism
and
check
for
cause
of
problem
Replace
linings
or
pads
Clean
Replace
Replace
Repair
or
replace
Adjust
F
ten
or
replace
Recondition
or
replace
brake
drum
as
re
quired
Check
for
improper
lining
contact
with
dflllll
and
grind
lining
if
necessary
Recondition
or
replace
cylinder
Replace
Adjust
or
replace
Adjust
Tighten
or
replace
Drain
and
fill
system
with
appr
d
fluid
Replace
linings
Repair
or
replace
as
necessary
Repair
as
necessary
Close
screw
and
bleed
system
Lubricate
linkage
check
pedal
return
spring
for
condition
and
adjust
push
rod
as
neces
sary
Blowout
foreign
matter
with
compresSed
air
Disassemble
master
cylinder
and
replace
piston
Bleed
system
Clean
and
repair
Repair
or
replace
Replace
Replace
piston
seals
Turn
rotor
on
lathe
or
replace
Check
and
repair
Clean
Condition
Brakes
drag
Brake
chatters
Brake
squeals
Pedal
pulsates
Rear
lock
under
light
brake
pedal
force
Rear
lock
under
heavy
brake
pedal
force
Brake
System
Probable
cause
Clogged
brake
lines
Incorrect
adjustment
of
wheel
bearings
Improper
shoe
to
drum
clearance
Weak
shoe
return
springs
No
free
travel
in
brake
shoe
return
Groove
or
out
of
round
brake
drum
or
rotor
Loose
or
bent
support
plate
Distorted
brake
shoes
or
pads
Grease
or
brake
fluid
on
linings
Dirty
or
scored
brake
drums
Distorted
brake
shoes
or
bent
support
plate
Weak
or
broken
brake
shoe
retaining
spring
or
return
spring
Glazed
or
contaminated
brake
lining
Out
of
round
or
off
center
drum
On
disc
brakes
lateral
runout
of
brake
rotor
is
excessive
Excessive
variation
in
thickness
of
brake
rotor
surfaces
Improper
tire
pressures
Excessive
wear
of
tires
Faulty
NP
valve
Improper
tire
pressures
Excessive
wear
of
tires
Poor
front
braking
effect
Grease
oil
mud
or
water
on
linings
or
pads
Excessive
wear
of
linings
or
pads
Local
fit
of
linings
or
pads
Master
cylinder
or
wheel
cylinder
in
poor
condition
BR
2t
Corrective
action
Check
and
clean
Adjust
or
repair
Adjust
Replace
Adjust
pedal
height
Grind
or
replace
as
required
Tighten
support
plate
bolts
to
specified
torque
or
replace
plate
Replace
as
necessary
Replace
linings
Blowout
assembly
with
compressed
air
or
refinish
drum
Replace
faulty
unit
Replace
if
faulty
Cam
ground
lining
to
elilninate
glaze
If
it
doesn
t
replace
linings
Turn
drum
or
replace
as
necessary
Check
with
dial
indicator
turning
disc
by
hand
If
runout
exceeds
specifications
re
place
disc
Measure
around
disc
face
with
micrometer
Replace
disc
as
required
Check
and
adjust
Check
and
replace
Replace
Check
and
adjust
Check
and
replace
Clean
or
replace
Replace
Shave
or
replace
Repair
or
replace
Steering
System
STEERING
COLUMN
AND
GEAR
Tightening
torque
of
bolts
and
nuts
kg
rn
ft4b
@
3
8
to
5
2
27
to
38
@
1
3
to
1
8
9
to
13
@
0
35
to
0
45
25
to
3
3
@
4
0
to
5
0
29
to
36
@
7
0
to
8
0
51
to
58
lEi
13
to
15
94
to
108
1
Steering
wheel
2
olumn
clamp
3
Steering
column
4
Jacket
tube
flange
S
RUbbercoupling
6
Steering
gear
ST860
Fig
ST
l
Steering
Column
and
Gear
STEERING
WHEEL
2
spoke
steering
wheel
I
Remove
bolts
from
back
side
of
steering
wheel
2
Lift
horn
pad
from
steering
wheel
and
disconnect
horn
wire
REMOVAL
I
Disconnect
battery
ground
cable
2
Remove
horn
pad
3
spoke
sport
steering
wheel
Pull
off
pad
ST766
Fig
ST
3
Removing
Horn
Pod
ST765
Fig
ST
2
Removing
Horn
Pod
3
Remove
steering
wheel
nut
4
Using
Steering
Wheel
Puller
ST2718000l
install
puller
anchor
51
2
bolts
into
threaded
holes
provided
in
steering
wheel
Turn
center
bolt
of
the
special
tool
clockwise
to
remove
steer
ing
wheel
CAUTION
a
00
not
strike
end
of
steering
col
umn
shaft
with
a
hammer
Striking
shaft
will
damage
bearing
or
col
lapsible
shaft
b
Be
careful
not
to
damage
cancel
pole
Fig
ST
4
Removing
Ste
ing
WhHl
INSTALLATION
Install
steering
wheel
in
the
reverse
order
of
removal
Observe
the
follow
ing
instructions
Apply
grease
to
sliding
portions
2
When
installing
steering
wheel
to
column
shaft
align
punch
mark
on
steering
wheel
with
punch
mark
on
the
top
end
of
column
shaft
til
Tightening
torqu
Steering
whee
nut
3
8
to
5
2
kg
27
to
38
ft
Ibl
Note
After
imtol1ing
steering
wheel
turn
it
clockwise
end
counterclock
wise
cheddng
for
catch
or
drag
Also
check
horn
for
operation