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12. Storage
Should you need to store tires after removal from a vehicle (as in the
ca
se of winter tires), they should be stored in a cool, dry place. To
protect your tires from damage related to: heat, water, ozone and
direct sunlight, it is suggested you place them in opaque, waterproof
containers (e.g., plastic trash bags).
13. Tubes in Tubeless Tires
Under no circumstances are tubes to be used in Pirelli tires marked
“T
ubeless”. This includes tires that have been repaired. If the tire’s
pressure retention ability has been affected, so as to necessitate a tube
being installed, the tire must be replaced.
14. Tire Valves
Whenever new tires are installed on your wheels, new tire valves of
th
e correct type must be installed. During your routine tire inspection,
verify that all your valves have proper valve caps. Replace as
necessary, since the valve cap is also a seal against pressure loss.
15. Tire Demounting and Mounting
Tire fitting is best left to professionals who have the proper tools and
eq
uipment to perform the task properly and safely. Your tires should
be mounted or demounted, using Tire and Rubber Association of
Canada procedures or the vehicle manufacturers’ recommendations.
Your wheels should be in good, clean condition. Wheels should be
inspected for distortion, dents, cracks, rust and foreign matter, and be
replaced as necessary. NEVER EXCEED 40 PSI WHEN SEATING
BEADS.
16. Tire/Wheel Alignment and Balancing
Tire/Wheel alignment specifications are issued by your vehicle
ma
nufacturer and your vehicle must be kept within these tolerances.
You should have your alignment checked annually or whenever you
notice any irregular wear or vibrations. Tire/Wheel assemblies should
be balanced each time a tire is fitted to a wheel. Tire/Wheel alignment
and balancing are important for safety and maximum performance
and mileage from your tires.
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232
• If a replacement tire has a lower speed capability than that specified
by the vehicle manufacturer, the vehicle’s speed must be restricted
to that of the replacement tire. Vehicle handling could also be
affected. Consult the vehicle Owner’s Manual or tire manufacturer
for recommendations.
• If tires with different speed ratings are used, it is recommended that
t
he lower speed- rated tires always be placed on the front axle. This
is to prevent a potential oversteer condition.
FOUR-WHEEL DRIVE (4WD) AND ALL-WHEEL DRIVE (AWD)
VE
HICLES
If no instructions for tire mixing appear in the vehicle Owner’s
Ma
nual, follow these guidelines:
• Do not mix tire sizes. All four tires must be marked with the same
t
ire size, unless otherwise specified by the vehicle manufacturer.
This also applies to winter/snow tires.
• Do not mix tread pattern types such as all-terrain and all- season.
S
TUDLESS WINTER/SNOW TIRES
• It is always preferable to apply winter/snow tires to all wheel posi -
t
ions, including dual tires, to maintain vehicle mobility and control.
• If winter/snow tires are applied to the f
ront axle of any vehicle,
winter/snow tires must also be installed on the
rear axle. DO NOT
apply winter/snow tires only to the front axle. This applies to all
passenger and light truck vehicles, including front-wheel- drive,
4WD, and AWD vehicles.
• If winter/snow tires are installed on the rear axle of any vehicle, it is
recommended (but not required) that they also be installed on the
front axle.
WARNING!
Unless winter/snow tires on the rear axle have comparable
tr
action qualities to the tires on the front axle, the vehicle may
experience adverse handling characteristics. This may result in
loss of vehicle control, which can lead to serious personal injury
or death.
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233
STUDDED WINTER/SNOW TIRES
• Studded winter/snow tires have higher traction qualities under
m
ost winter weather conditions.
• If studded winter/snow tires are installed on the f
ront axle of any
vehicle, studded winter/snow tires must also be installed on the
rear axle. DO NOT apply studded winter/snow tires only to the
front axle.
• If studded winter/snow tires are installed on the rear axle of any
vehicle, it is strongly recommended that they should also be
installed on the
front axle. Only if studded winter/snow tires are
installed on all wheel positions of a vehicle will optimum handling
characteristics be achieved.
REPLACING TWO TIRES
• When a pair of replacement tires is selected in the same size and
c
onstruction as those on the vehicle, the two newer tires must be
installed on the rear axle and must be of equal or higher speed rating
than the front tires. Generally, new tires with deeper tread will
provide better grip and evacuate water more effectively, which is
important as a driver approaches hydroplaning situations. Placing
greater traction on the rear axle on wet surfaces is necessary to
prevent a possible oversteer condition and loss of vehicle stability.
WARNING!
Installing only two studded winter/snow tires on the front axle of
an
y vehicle (including front-wheel-drive vehicles) without
studded winter/snow tires on the rear axle can cause adverse
vehicle handling characteristics. This can result in a loss of
vehicle control, which could cause serious personal injury or
death.
CAUTION!
In some cases, the vehicle manufacturer may specifically advise
ag
ainst replacing fewer than all four tires. Always check and
follow the recommendations in the vehicle Owner’s Manual. For
4WD and AWD vehicles, even small differences in outside
diameter may cause drivetrain damage or mechanical
malfunction.
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TIRE SPINNING
TOWING OR USE OF SLIDE-IN TRUCK CAMPERS
If you are towing a trailer or using a slide-in truck camper, refer to
y o
ur vehicle Owner’s Manual.
WINTER (SNOW) TIRES Winter driving presents special challenges for vehicle
handling. The use of winter tires, studs, and chains,
wh
ile improving traction performance in snow and ice,
requires additional caution and care with regard to
braking, cornering, and speed. It is important to drive
with care not only on snow and ice, but on dry and wet
roads as well.
• T raction is considerably reduced as snow tires approach 50% tread
w
ear, and replacement should be considered in order to maintain
effectiveness in heavy snow conditions.
• Tire speed rating – When lower-speed-rated winter tires replace
h
igher-speed-rated touring and high performance all-season radial
tires, do not exceed the lower-rated speed.
WARNING!
Spinning a tire to remove a vehicle stuck in mud, snow, or wet
gr
ass can be dangerous. This could cause serious personal injury
or death to a bystander or passenger and extensive vehicle
damage. A tire spinning at a speedometer reading above 35 miles
pe
r hour (55 km/h) can reach a speed capable of disintegrating a
ti
re with explosive force within a matter of seconds. Under some
conditions, a tire may be spinning at twice the speed shown on
the speedometer. Never spin a tire above a speedometer reading
of 35 mph (55 km/h). Never allow anyone to stand near or directly
be
hind the spinning tire. Do not spin if a drive wheel is off the
ground.
WARNING!
Studded tires may require longer braking distances on dry or wet
pa
ved surfaces. Failure to allow for adequate braking distance
could result in serious personal injury or death.
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243
• Follow recommendations in the vehicle Owner’s Manual for winter
tires, studs, and chains.
• Consult your tire dealer, the Rubber Manufacturers Association
w
ebsite
www.rma.org
, or your state’s Department of Transportation
(DOT) for information regarding regulatory and seasonal restric -
tions for stud usage.
• Also see the “Tire Mixing” section in this manual for more details.
•
Toyo Tires recommends that snow tires be installed in matched sets
o
f four.
ADVERSE WEATHER DRIVING
Take special care when driving in adverse weather conditions.
• Rain and snow – Driving in rain or snow considerably reduces the
t
raction between your tires and the road surface. You must always
reduce your speed to allow additional stopping distance between
you and the vehicles ahead of you.
• Hydroplaning and wet weather driving – Hydroplaning occurs on
w
et roads and refers to the loss of tire contact with the road due to
the build-up of water between the tire contact patch and the road
surface. Three main factors affect hydroplaning and, consequently,
your tire traction on wet roads:
1. Vehicle Speed – As speed increases, wet traction is considerably
r
educed.
2. Water Depth – The deeper the water, the sooner your tires will lose
t
raction. Even thin water layers can create sufficient lubrication to
cause traction loss at low speeds, depending on road conditions.
3. Tire Tread Depth – As your tires wear down, their decreased ability
t
o resist hydroplaning can result in a complete loss of traction and
vehicle control. You should always reduce your speed with consid -
eration for the traffic around you.
• Driving on ice and snow – Your all-season tires were designed to
p
rovide higher levels of snow traction compared to non-all- season
tires. You have all-season tires if you find the letters “M&S” are
molded into the sidewall near the bead. These letters mean “Mud and
Snow.” Tires designed for use in severe snow conditions generally
have tread patterns, structure, and materials for giving superior
performance. These tires are marked with the “M&S” designation
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260
Hazards
Objects in the road that could damage your tires should be safely
av
oided. These objects include: potholes, glass, metal, rocks, wood
debris and the like. Unavoidable contact should prompt a thorough
tire inspection.
Air Pressure
Air pressure maintenance is critical to tire service life. Tire pressures
mu
st be checked frequently when tires are cold (before operation, cool
to the touch) and no less than once per month and before extended
operation. Use a tire gauge to check pressure and maintain it per the
vehicle manufacturer’s recommendations (on vehicle placard or in
Owner’s Manual). Do not reduce pressure when tire is hot and do not
inflate a cold tire higher than limits molded on the tire’s sidewall. Do
not overlook spare tire inflation pressure.
Tire Tread
Tires must be replaced when the depth of the tread reaches 2/32 inch
(1
.6 mm). YOKOHAMA tires are manufactured with tread wear
in
dicators molded into the tire grooves which indicate tread wearout.
As tires wear down to 2/32 inch (1.6 mm), and tread depth is reduced,
ti
re traction is reduced during rainfall and winter road conditions.
Visual tire inspection therefore becomes more crucial as the tires wear
out.
Hard Braking
You must inspect your tires after any hard braking situations or after
ti
res have slid on the pavement. This can cause a flat spot or other
damage to the tread of the tire.
Spinning
• Do not allow tires to spin at speeds greater than 35
mph if vehicle
be
comes stuck.
• Do not stand behind a spinning tire while attempting to push a
v
ehicle. Speed and force can cause a tire to disintegrate and explode
and may cause property damage and/or personal injury.