2020 VOLVO S90 TWIN ENGINE fuel

WHEELS AND TIRES
520
TiresThe function of the tires is to carry loads, pro- vide traction on road surfaces, reduce vibra-tions and protect the wheels from wear.
The tires significantly influence the vehicle's driving characteristics. The type, dimensions,tire pressure and speed rating have a consid-erable impact on how the vehicle performs. Your vehicle is equipped with tires according to the vehicle's tire information placard on theB-pillar (the structural member at the side ofthe vehicle, at the rear of the driver's dooropening).
WARNING
A damaged tire could cause the driver to lose control of the vehicle.
CAUTION
Some Volvo models are equipped with an Ultra High Performance tire and wheelcombination designed to provide maxi-mum dry pavement performance with con-sideration for hydroplaning resistance.They may be more susceptible to road haz-ard damage and, depending on drivingconditions, may achieve a tread life of lessthan 30,000 km (20,000 miles). Even ifthis vehicle is equipped with Volvo'sadvanced AWD or stability system, thesetires are not designed for winter driving,and should be replaced with winter tireswhen weather conditions dictate.
The tires have good road holding characteris- tics and offer good handling on dry and wetsurfaces. It should be noted however that thetires have been developed to give these fea-tures on snow/ice-free surfaces. Most models are equipped with "all-season" tires, which provide a somewhat higherdegree of roadholding on slippery road surfa-ces than tires without the "all-season" rating.However, for optimal roadholding on icy orsnow-covered roads, Volvo recommendssnow tires on all four wheels. When replacing tires, be sure that the newtires are the same size designation, type(radial) and preferably from the same manu-facturer, on all four wheels. Otherwise there isa risk of altering the vehicle's roadholding andhandling characteristics.
Recommended tiresOn delivery, the car is equipped with Volvo original tires that have the VOL
1
marking on
the side of the tires. These tires have been designed specifically for your vehicle. It istherefore important when replacing tires thatthe new tires have this same marking to helpmaintain the vehicle's driving characteristics,comfort and fuel consumption.
New tires
1 This may vary for certain tire dimensions.

WHEELS AND TIRES
* Option/accessory.527
Checking tire pressure
Correct inflation pressure helps improve driv- ing stability, save fuel and increase the serv-ice life of the tires.
Tire pressure decreases over time, which is normal. Tire pressure also varies depending onthe ambient temperature. Driving on under-inflated tires could cause the vehicle to over-heat and lead to damage. Tire pressure affectstraveling comfort, road noise and driving cha-racteristics. Check the pressure in the tires every month. Use the recommended inflation pressure forcold tires to help maintain good tire perform-ance. Under-inflated or over-inflated tirescould cause uneven tread wear. Use an air pressure gauge and check the infla- tion pressure on all the tires, including the spare tire 4
, at least once a month and before
long trips. Volvo recommends buying a relia- ble air pressure gauge, as the automaticgauges provided at service stations may beinaccurate.
WARNING
Under-inflation is the most common cause of tire failure and may result insevere tire cracking, tread separation,or "blow-out," with unexpected loss ofvehicle control and increased risk ofinjury.
Under-inflated tires reduce the loadcarrying capacity of your vehicle.
Cold tiresInflation pressure should be checked when thetires are cold. The tires are considered to becold when they have the same temperature asthe surrounding (ambient) air. This tempera-ture is normally reached after the vehicle hasbeen parked for at least 3 hours. After driving for approximately 1.6 km (1 mile), the tires are considered to be warm. If youneed to drive longer than that to inflate thetires, check and record the inflation pressureof the tires first and inflate accordingly whenyou arrive at the pump. When the ambient temperature changes, so does the inflation pressure. A 10-degree tem-perature drop causes a corresponding drop ininflation pressure of 1 psi (7 kPa). Check theinflation pressure of the tires regularly andadjust to the correct pressure, which can be found on the vehicle's tire information decal orcertification label. If you check inflation pressure when the tires are warm, you should never release air. Thetires become warm after driving and it is nor-mal for warm tires to have an inflation pres-sure above the recommended pressure forcold tires. A warm tire with an inflation pres-sure equal to or under the recommended pres-sure for cold tires could be significantly under-inflated.Related information

Adjusting tire pressure (p. 528)
Recommended tire pressure (p. 529)
Tire pressure monitoring system
*
(p. 529)
Tires (p. 520)
4
Not available in all models.

WHEELS AND TIRES
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* Option/accessory.529
Recommended tire pressure
The tire pressure placard on the driver's side B pillar (between the front and the rear door)indicates tire pressure for different loads andspeed conditions.
The decal specifies the designation for the fac- tory-mounted tires on the vehicle, as well asload limits and inflation pressures.
Related information
Checking tire pressure (p. 527)
Approved tire pressure (p. 634)
Tire pressure monitoring system
*
The tire pressure monitoring system 6
pro-
vides a warning symbol in the instrument panel if pressure is too low in one or moretires.
This symbol illuminates to indicate low inflation pressure. If there is a system malfunction, the inflation pressure warning symbol
will flash for approximately one minute andthen glow steadily.
System descriptionThe tire pressure monitoring system measures differences in rotational speed between thewheels through the ABS system to determineif the tires are properly inflated. If inflationpressure in a tire is too low, its diameter (andconsequently its rotational speed) changes. Bycomparing the tires with each other, the sys-tem can determine if the pressure in one ormore tires is too low.
General information about the tire pressure monitoring system
In the following description, the tire monitor- ing system is generally referred to as TPMS. Each tire, including the spare (if provided) 7
should be checked monthly when cold and inflated to the inflation pressure recom- mended by the vehicle manufacturer on thevehicle placard or tire inflation pressure label.(If your vehicle has tires of a different size thanthe size indicated on the vehicle placard or tireinflation pressure label, you should determinethe proper tire inflation pressure for thosetires.) As an added safety feature, your vehicle has been equipped with a tire pressure monitoringsystem (TPMS) that illuminates a low tirepressure telltale when one or more of yourtires is significantly under-inflated. Accord-ingly, when the low tire pressure telltale illumi-nates, you should stop and check your tires assoon as possible, and inflate them to theproper pressure. Driving on a significantly under-inflated tire causes the tire to overheat and can lead to tirefailure. Under-inflation also reduces fuel effi-ciency and tire tread life, and may affect thevehicle's handling and stopping ability. Pleasenote that the TPMS is not a substitute forproper tire maintenance, and it is the driver'sresponsibility to maintain correct tire pressure,even if under-inflation has not reached thelevel to trigger illumination of the TPMS lowtire pressure telltale. Your vehicle has also been equipped with a TPMS malfunction indicator to indicate when
6
Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS)
7 Not available on all models.

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WHEELS AND TIRES
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Related information
Recommended tire pressure (p. 529)
Using the tire sealing system (p. 543)
Tire sealing system (p. 542)
Determining the vehicle's permitted weight
Properly loading your vehicle will provide maximum return of vehicle design perform-ance.
Weight designationsBefore loading your vehicle, familiarize your- self with the following terms for determiningyour vehicle's weight ratings, with or without atrailer, from the vehicle's Federal/CanadianMotor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS/CMVSS) label, and the vehicle's tire informa-tion placard:
Curb weight
The weight of the vehicle including a full tank of fuel and all standard equipment. It does notinclude passengers, cargo, or optional equip-ment.
Capacity weight
All weight added to the curb weight, including cargo and optional equipment. When towing,towbar weight is also part of cargo weight.
Permissible axle weight
The maximum allowable weight that can be carried by a single axle (front or rear). Thesenumbers are shown on the Federal/CanadianMotor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS/CMVSS) label. The total load on each axlemust never exceed its maximum permissibleweight.
Gross vehicle weight (GVW)
The vehicle's curb weight + cargo + passen- gers.
Steps for Determining Correct Load
Limit
1. Locate the statement "the combined weight of occupants and cargo shouldnever exceed XXX kg or XXX lbs." on yourvehicle's placard.
2. Determine the combined weight of the driver and passengers that will be riding inyour vehicle.
3. Subtract the combined weight of the driver and passengers from XXX kg or XXXlbs.
4. The resulting figure equals the available amount of cargo and luggage loadcapacity. For example, if the "XXX"amount equals 1400 lbs. and there will befive 150 lb. passengers in your vehicle, theamount of available cargo and luggageload capacity is 650 lbs. (1400 - 750 (5 ×150) = 650 lbs.)
5. Determine the combined weight of lug- gage and cargo being loaded on the vehi-cle. That weight may not safely exceed theavailable cargo and luggage load capacitycalculated in Step 4.

LOADING, STORAGE AND PASSENGER COMPARTMENT
* Option/accessory.559
Extra cargo space
The rear seat backrests can be folded down *
to increase cargo space in the cargo compart- ment/trunk and simplify loading. If the rearseat backrests are folded down, make surethat no objects loaded into the vehicle preventthe WHIPS system for the front seats fromfunctioning correctly. The ski hatch *1
in the rear seat can be folded
down to carry skis or other long, thin objects.
Related information
Load anchoring eyelets (p. 560)
Rear seat ski hatch
* (p. 560)
Roof loads and load carriers (p. 559)
Leveling control
* and suspension (p. 425)
Weights (p. 629)
Roof loads and load carriers
Volvo-developed load carriers are recom- mended for carrying loads on the roof of thevehicle.
Volvo load carriers are specially designed to help prevent damage to your vehicle and helpensure maximum safety while driving. Volvoload carriers are available from authorizedVolvo retailers. Carefully follow the installation instructions provided with the load carriers. Distribute the load evenly throughout the load carriers. Place heavier cargo at thebottom of the load.
Check periodically to ensure that the loadcarriers and load are properly secured.Secure the load firmly using tie straps orsimilar.
If the load is longer than the vehicle, suchas a canoe or kayak, attach the towingeyelet in its front outlet and secure the tiestraps in it.
The vehicle's wind resistance and fuelconsumption increase with the size of theload.
Drive smoothly. Avoid rapid acceleration,hard braking and fast cornering.
WARNING
The vehicle's center of gravity and driving characteristics are altered by roof loads. Follow the vehicle's specifications regar- ding weights and maximum permittedload.
Related information
Loading recommendations (p. 558)
Weights (p. 629)
1
Not available for the S90 Excellence.

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MAINTENANCE AND SERVICE
564
How can I prepare for my next OBD II
emission inspection?
If your Check Engine (MIL) light is lit or was lit but went out without service, haveyour vehicle diagnosed and, if necessary,serviced by a qualified Volvo technician.
If you recently had service for a lit CheckEngine light, or if you had service thatrequired disconnecting the battery, aperiod of driving is necessary to bring theOBD II system to "ready" for inspection.Two half-hour trips of mixed stop-and-go/highway driving are typically needed toallow OBD II to reach readiness. YourVolvo retailer can provide you with moreinformation on planning a trip.
Maintain your vehicle in accordance withyour vehicle's maintenance schedule.
Owner maintenancePeriodic maintenance requirements and inter-vals are described in your vehicle's Warrantyand Service Records Information booklet. The following points can be carried out between the normally scheduled maintenance services.
Each time the vehicle is refueled:
Check the engine oil level.
Clean the windshield, windshield wipers, headlights, and taillights.
Monthly:
Check cold tire pressure in all tires. Inspect the tires for wear.
Check that engine coolant and other fluidlevels are between the indicated "min"and "max" markings.
Clean interior glass surfaces with a glasscleaner and soft paper towels.
Wipe driver information displays with asoft cloth.
Visually inspect battery terminals for cor-rosion. Corrosion may indicate a loose ter-minal connector, or a battery near the endof its useful service life. Consult your Volvoretailer for additional information.
As needed:
Wash the vehicle, including the undercarriage, to reduce wear that can be caused by abuildup of dirt, and corrosion that can becaused by salt residues. Clean leaves and twigs from air intake vents at the base of the windshield, and from other pla-ces where they may collect.
NOTE
Complete service information for qualified technicians is available online for purchaseor subscription at www.volvotechinfo.com.
Related information
Vehicle status (p. 567)
Scheduling service and repairs (p. 567)
Connecting equipment to the vehicle's data link connector (p. 37)
Technician certification (p. 38)
Climate control system service (p. 571)
Maintenance of the brake system (p. 406)
Engine compartment overview (p. 573)

MAINTENANCE AND SERVICE
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573
Engine compartment overview
This overview shows some service-related components.
Some of the components included in the vehi- cle's electric drive system are located in theengine compartment. Exercise caution whenaccessing the engine compartment and onlytouch what is required for normal mainte-nance.
WARNING
Orange wiring may only be handled by qualified personnel.
WARNING
A number of electrical components in Twin Engine Plug-in Hybrid vehicles use high-voltage current and can be extremely dan-gerous if handled incorrectly.
Do not touch anything that is not clearly described in this Owner's Man-ual.
Be careful when checking/filling fluidsin the engine compartment.
The layout of the engine compartment may vary depending on model and engine variant.
Coolant expansion tank
Brake fluid reservoir (located on the driv- er's side)
Washer fluid filler pipe 12
Fusebox
Air filter
Engine oil filler pipe
WARNING
Bear in mind that the cooling fan (located at the front of the engine compartmentbehind the radiator) may start or continuerunning automatically up to about6 minutes after the engine is turned off. Always entrust engine washing to a work- shop – an authorized Volvo workshop isrecommended. If the engine is hot, there isa risk of fire.
WARNING
The ignition system works with extremely high and dangerous voltages. The vehicleelectrical system should always be in igni-tion mode
0 when work in being per-
formed in the engine compartment. Do not touch any spark plugs or ignition coils when the vehicle electrical system isin ignition mode II or when the engine is
warm.
Related information
Opening and closing the hood (p. 571)
Filling washer fluid (p. 621)
Refilling coolant (p. 576)
Fuses in the engine compartment (p. 587)
12
Fill the washer fluid at regular intervals, e.g. when refueling.

MAINTENANCE AND SERVICE
574
Checking and filling engine oil (p. 575)
Ignition modes (p. 401)
Engine oil For the recommended service intervals and warranties to be applied, an approved engineoil must be used.
Volvo recommends:
If the engine oil is not checked regularly and the level becomes low, this could cause seri-ous engine damage.
CAUTION
To satisfy the requirements for the engine's service intervals, all engines are factory-filled with a specially adapted syntheticengine oil. Great care has been put into thechoice of oil, with consideration given toservice life, startability, fuel consumptionand environmental impact. For the recommended service intervals to apply, an approved engine oil must beused. Only use the prescribed oil grade totop off or change the oil. Otherwise, thereis a risk of the vehicle's service life, starta-bility, fuel consumption and environmentalimpact being affected. Failure to use engine oil of the prescribed grade and viscosity could cause damage toengine-related components. Volvo Car Cor-poration disclaims warranty liability forsuch type of damage. Volvo recommends entrusting oil changes to an authorized Volvo workshop.
Volvo uses different systems to warn if the oil level is too low/high or the oil pressure is low.On engine variants with an oil pressure sensor,