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■AM characteristics
AM signals bend around such things as buildings or mountains and
bounce off the ionosphere.
Therefore, they can reach lon ger distances than FM signals.
Because  of  this,  2  stations  may   sometimes  be  picked  up  on  the
same frequency at the same time.
Ionosphere
Station 1
Station 2
■FM characteristics
An FM broadcast range is usually about 25 - 30 miles (40 - 50 km)
from  the  source.  Because  of  extra  coding  needed  to  break  the
sound into 2 channels, stereo FM has even less range than monau -
ral (non-stereo) FM.
FM Station
25 - 30 miles (40 - 50 km)
Radio Reception
1
2
3
1
2 
     
        
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Interior Features
Signals  from  an  FM  transmitter  are  similar  to  beams  of  light
because  they  do  not  bend  around  corners,  but  they  do  reflect.
Unlike  AM  signals,  FM  signals  cannot  travel  beyond  the  horizon.
Therefore,  FM  stations  cannot  be  received  at  the  great  distance s
possible with AM reception.
Ionosphere
FM wave
AM wave
60 - 120 miles (100 - 200 km)
Obstruction
Atmospheric conditions can also  affect FM reception. High humidity
will cause poor reception. However , cloudy days may provide better
reception than clear days.
1
2
3
4
5 
     
        
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●Multipath noise
Since  FM  signals  can  be  reflect ed  by  obstructions,  it  is  possible
to  receive  both  the  direct  signal   and  the  reflected  signal  at  the
same  time.  This  causes  a  slight  delay  in  reception  and  may  be
heard  as  a  broken  sound  or  a  distortion. This  problem  may  also
be encountered when in close p roximity to the transmitter.
Direct
Reflected wave
● Flutter/Skip noise
Signals from an FM transmit-
ter move in straight lines and
become  weak  in  valleys
between tall buildings, moun-
tains,  and  other  obstacles.
When  a  vehicle  passes
through  such  an  area,  the
reception  conditions  may
change suddenly, resulting in
annoying noise.
● Weak signal noise
In suburban areas, broadcast
signals  become  weak
because of distance from the
transmitter.  Reception  in
such  fringe  areas  is  charac-
terized by sound breakup.
1
2 
     
        
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4
Interior Features
●Strong signal noise
This occurs very close to a
transmitter tower. The broad-
cast signals are extremely
strong,  so  the  result  is  noise
and  sound  breakup  at  the
radio receiver.
● Station drift noise
When a vehicle reaches the area o f 2 strong stations broadcast-
ing at similar frequencies, the original station may be tempora rily
lost  and  the  second  station  picked  up. At  this  time  there  will  be
some noise from this disturbance.
Station 1
88.1 MHz
Station 2
88.3 MHz
MP3  stands  for  MPEG  Audio  Layer  3,  which  is  standardized  voice
compression establ ished by the ISO
*1 working group (MPEG). 
Use of MP3 allows for audio data to be compressed to approximat ely
a tenth of the source data size. 
This unit plays files with the  extension (.mp3) as MP3 files.
*1: International Organization for Standardization
• When  naming  an  MP3  file,  be  sure  to  add  an  MP3  file  extension
(.mp3) after the file name.
• The number of characters which  can be displayed is restricted.
1
2
Operating Tips for MP3 
     
        
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4-2. Audio System
Supply of this product only conveys a license for private, non-commercial use
and  does  not  convey  a  license  nor  imply  any  right  to  use  this  p roduct  in  any
commercial (i.e. revenue-generating) real time broadcasting (te rrestrial, satel-
lite,  cable  and/or  any  other  medi a),  broadcasting/streaming  via  the  Internet,
intranets and/or other networks or in other electronic content distribution sys-
tems,  such  as  pay-audio  or  audio-on-demand  applications. An  ind ependent
license for such use is required. 
For details, please visit http://www.mp3licensing.com.
WMA is short for Windows Media Au dio and is the audio compression
format used by Microsoft.
Audio  data  can  be  created  and  stored  at  a  higher  compression  ra tio
than MP3.
This unit plays files with the  extension (.wma) as WMA files.
*: Microsoft and Windows Media are registered trademarks of  Microsoft  Cor-
poration U.S. in the United States and other countries.
• WMA  files  written  under  specifications  other  than  the  indicate d
specification may not play norma lly or files or folder names may not
display correctly.
• The file extension may not be provided depending on the comput er
operating  system,  version,  softw are,  or  settings.  In  this  case, add
the file extension “.wma” to t he end of the file name, and then  write
it to the memory.
NOTICE
Do not use an audio file extension on files other than audio fi les. In addition,
do  not  change  the  audio  file  extension.  Otherwise,  the  unit  wil l  not  recog-
nize the file correctly resulting in noise or a malfunction.
Operating Tips for WMA
NOTICE
Do not use an audio file extension on files other than audio fi les. In addition,
do  not  change  the  audio  file  extension.  Otherwise,  the  unit  wil l  not  recog-
nize the file correctly resulting in noise or a malfunction. 
     
        
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4
Interior Features
AAC stands for Advanced Audio  Coding, which  is  standardized  voice
compression established by the ISO
*1 working group (MPEG). Audio
data  can  be  created  and  stored  at  a  higher  compression  ratio  th an
MP3.
This  unit  plays  files  with  the  extensions  (.aac/.m4a/.wav)  as  t he AAC
files.
• AAC files written under specifications other than the indicate d spec-
ification may not play normally or files or folder names may no t dis-
play correctly.
• The file extension may not be provided depending on the comput er
operating  system,  version,  softw are,  or  settings.  In  this  case, add
the  file  extension  “.aac”,  “.m4a”,  or  “.wav”  to  the  end  of  the  file
name, and then writ e it to the memory.
*1: International Organization for Standardization
Operating Tips for AAC
NOTICE
Do not use an audio file extension on files other than audio fi les. In addition,
do  not  change  the  audio  file  extension.  Otherwise,  the  unit  wil l  not  recog-
nize the file correctly resulting in noise or a malfunction. 
     
        
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4-2. Audio System
OGG is the audio compression format for Xiph. Org Foundation.
Audio  data  can  be  created  and  stored  at  a  higher  compression  ratio
than MP3.
This unit plays files with the  extension (.ogg) as OGG files.
• OGG  files  written  under  specific ations  other  than  the  indicated
specification may not play norma lly or files or folder names may not
display correctly.
• The file extension may not be provided depending on the comput er
operating  system,  version,  softw are,  or  settings.  In  this  case, add
the file extension “.ogg” to th e end of the file name, and then  write it
to the disc.
This unit plays audi o files as follows:
MP3/WMA/AAC/OGG
*1  files  written  under  specifications  other  than
the indicated specification may  not play normally or files/folder names
may not display correctly.
Operating Tips for OGG
NOTICE
Do not use an audio file extension on files other than audio fi les. In addition,
do  not  change  the  audio  file  extension.  Otherwise,  the  unit  wil l  not  recog-
nize the file correctly resulting in noise or a malfunction.
Operating Tips for USB device
ExtensionPlayback with this unit
.mp3MP3
.wmaWMA
.aac
AAC.m4a
.wav
.oggOGG 
     
        
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Interior Features
●Playback  may  not  be  possible  depending  on  the  type  and  conditio n  of  the
USB flash memory even if the audio file complies with the standard above.
● A copyright protected WMA/AAC file cannot be played in this unit.
● The  order  of  the  music  data  stored  in  the  device  may  differ  fro m  the  play-
back order.
● To  prevent  loss  or  damage  of  stored  data,  we  recommend  that  you  always
back up your data.
● If  the  current  consumption  of  the  connected  device  exceeds  the  following
current value, it may not operate or recharge.
• Apple device is connected: 2,100mA
• Device compatible with BC1.2 is connected: 1,500 mA
• Device other than the above is connected: 500 mA
● Do not pull out the USB device while in the USB mode (only pull  it out while
in FM/AM radio mode).
● The device will not operate if the data is password protected.
This  unit  is  compatible  with  Apple  CarPlay™  which  can  operate  a n
iPhone® using the vehicle’s audio device.
• iPhone,  Siri  and  Apple  Music  ar e  registered  trademarks  of  Apple
Inc.
• Apple CarPlay is trademarks of Apple Inc.
• iOS is a trademark or registered trademark of Cisco in the U.S . and
other countries and is used under license.
May not be compatible dependi ng on the model or OS version.
To  prevent  loss  or  damage  of  stored  data,  we  recommend  that  you  always
back up your data.
NOTICE
Do not use an audio file extension on files other than audio fi les. In addition,
do  not  change  the  audio  file  extension.  Otherwise,  the  unit  wil l  not  recog-
nize the file correctly resulting in noise or a malfunction.
Agreements and disclaimers related to Apple CarPlay™