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8S1012721BA
Safedriving
Safedriving
Basics
Safedrivinghabits
Pleaseremember-safetyfirst!
Theindividualsafetyfeaturesofyourvehiclecan
worktogetherasasystemtohelpprotectyou
and
yourpassengersinawiderangeofaccidents.
Thesefeaturescannotworkasasystemifthey
arenot alwayscorrectlyadjustedandcorrectly
used.
Thischaptercontainsimportantinformation,
tips,instructionsandwarningsthatyouneedto
readandobserveforyourownsafety,thesafety
of
yourpassengersandothers.Wehavesummar-
izedherewhatyouneedtoknowaboutsafety
belts,airbags,childrestraintsaswellaschild
safety.Yoursafetyisforusprioritynumber1.Al-
waysobservetheinformationandwarningsin
thissection-foryourownsafetyaswellasthat
ofyourpassengers.
Theinformationinthissectionappliestoall
modelversionsofyourvehicle.Someofthefea-
turesdescribedinthissectionsmaybe standard
equipmentonsomemodels,ormaybeoptional
equipmentonothers.Ifyouarenotsure,ask
yourauthorizedAudidealer.
ZAWARNING
—Alwaysmakesurethatyoufollowthein-
structionsandheedtheWARNINGSinthis
Manual.Itisinyourinterestandinthein-
terestofyourpassengers.
—AlwayskeepthecompleteOwner'sLitera-
tureinyourAudiwhenyoulendorsellyour
vehicleso thatthisimportantinformation
willalways beavailabletothedriverand
passengers.
—AlwayskeeptheOwner'sliteraturehandyso
that
youcanfinditeasilyifyouhaveques-
tions.
Importantthingstodobeforedriving
Safetyiseverybody'sjob!Vehicleandoccupant
safetyalwaysdependsontheinformedandcare-
fuldriver.
Foryoursafetyandthesafety ofyourpassen-
gers,beforedrivingalways:
>Makesurethatalllightsandsignalsareoperat-
ingcorrectly.
>Makesurethatthetirepressureiscorrect.
>Makesurethatallwindowsarecleanandafford
goodvisibility totheoutside.
>Secureallluggageandotheritemscarefully
=>page44,>page43.
>Makesurethatnothingcaninterferewiththe
pedals.
>Adjustfrontseatandmirrorscorrectlyforyour
height.
>Makesuretouse therightchildrestraintcor-
rectlytoprotectchildren>page212,Child
safety.
>Sitproperlyinyourseatandmakesurethat
yourpassengersdothesame©page40,Front
seats.
>Fastenyoursafetybeltandwearitproperly.Al-
soinstructyourpassengerstofastentheirsafe-
tybeltsproperly>page180.
Whatimpairsdrivingsafety?
Safedrivingisdirectlyrelatedtotheconditionof
thevehicle,thedriveraswellasthedriver’sabili-
ty toconcentrateontheroadwithoutbeingdis-
tracted.
Thedriverisresponsibleforthesafetyoftheve-
hicleandallofitsoccupants.Ifyourabilityto
driveisimpaired,safetyrisksforeverybodyinthe
vehicleincreaseand youalsobecomeahazardto
everyoneelseontheroad>/\.Therefore:
>Donotletyourselfbedistractedbypassengers
orbyusinga cellulartelephone.
>NEVERdrivewhenyourdrivingabilityisim-
paired(bymedications,alcohol,drugs,etc.).
>Observealltrafficlaws,rulesoftheroadand
speedlimitsandplaincommonsense.
>ALWAYSadjustyourspeedtoroad,trafficand
weatherconditions.
175
>
Page 178 of 312

Safedriving
>Take frequentbreaksonlongtrips.Donotdrive
formorethantwohoursatastretch.
>DoNOTdrivewhenyouaretired,underpres-
sureor whenyouarestressed.
Z\WARNING
Impaireddrivingsafetyincreasestheriskof
seriouspersonalinjuryanddeathwhenevera
vehicleisbeingused.
>Graspthetopofthesteeringwheelwithyour
elbow(s)slightlybent.
>Fastenandwearsafetybeltscorrectly
>page184.
>Always keepbothfeetinthefootwell so that
youareincontrolofthevehicleatalltimes.
Fordetailedinformationonhowtoadjustthe
driver'sseat,see>page40,Frontseats.
Correctpassenger
seatingpositions
Properseatingpositionforthedriver
Theproperdriverseatingpositionisimportant
forsafe,relaxeddriving.
BFV-0183
Fig.141Correct seatingposition
Foryourownsafetyandtoreducetheriskofin-
juryinthe eventofanaccident,werecommend
thatyouadjustthedriver'sseattothefollowing
position:
>Adjustthedriver'sseat so thatyoucaneasily
pushthepedalsallthewaytothefloorwhile
keepingyourknee(s)slightlybent>A\.
>Adjusttheangleoftheseatbacksothatitisin
anuprightpositionsothatyour backcomesin
fullcontactwithitwhenyoudrive.
>Adjustthesteeringwheelsothatthereisadis-
tanceofatleast10in(25cm)betweenthe
steeringwheelandyourbreastbone>fig.141.
Ifnotpossible,seeyourauthorizedAudideal-
ershipaboutadaptiveequipment.
>Adjust thesteeringwheelso thatthesteering
wheelandairbagcoverpointsatyourchestand
notatyourface.
176
Z\WARNING
Driverswhoareunbelted,outofpositionor
tooclose totheairbagcanbeseriouslyinjured
by anairbagasitunfolds.To helpreduce the
riskofseriouspersonalinjury:
—Alwaysadjustthedriver'sseatandthe
steeringwheelsothatthereareatleast
10in(25cm)betweenyourbreastboneand
thesteeringwheel.
—Alwaysadjustthedriver'sseatandthe
steeringwheelsothatthereareatleast4in
(10cm)betweenthekneesandthe lower
partoftheinstrumentpanel.
—Alwaysholdthesteeringwheelontheout-
sideofthesteeringwheelrimwithyour
handsatthe9o'clockand3o'clockposi-
tionstohelpreducetheriskofpersonalin-
juryifthedriver'sairbaginflates.
—Neverholdthesteeringwheelatthe
12o'clockpositionorwithyourhandsat
otherpositionsinsidethesteeringwheel
rimoronthesteeringwheelhub.Holding
the
steeringwheelthewrongwaycancause
seriousinjuriestothehands,armsandhead
ifthedriver'sairbaginflates
—Pointingthesteeringwheeltowardyour
facedecreasestheabilityofthesupplemen-
taldriver'sairbagtoprotectyouinacolli-
sion.
—Alwayssitinanuprightpositionandnever
leanagainstor placeanypartofyourbody
tooclosetotheareawheretheairbagsare
located.
—Beforedriving,alwaysadjustthefront seats
properlyandmakesurethatallpassengers
areproperlyrestrained.
Page 179 of 312

8S1012721BA
Safedriving
—Neveradjusttheseatswhilethevehicleis
moving.Yourseatmaymoveunexpectedly
and youcouldlosecontrolofthevehicle.
—Neverdrivewiththebackrestreclinedortilt-
edfarback!Thefartherthebackrestsare
tiltedback,thegreatertheriskofinjurydue
toincorrectpositioningofthesafetybelt
andimproperseatingposition.
—Childrenmustalwaysrideinchildseats
=page212.Specialprecautionsapplywhen
installinga childseatonthefrontpassenger
seat>page188.
Properseatingpositionforthefront
passenger
Theproperfrontpassengerseatingpositionis
importantforsafe,relaxeddriving.
Foryourownsafetyandtoreducetheriskofin-
juryinthe eventofanaccident,werecommend
thatyouadjusttheseatforthefrontpassenger
tothefollowingposition:
>Adjust theangleoftheseatbacksothatitisin
anuprightpositionandyour backcomesinfull
contactwithitwheneverthevehicleismoving.
>Keepbothfeetflatonthefloorinfrontofthe
frontpassengerseat.
>Fastenandwearsafetybeltscorrectly
=>page184.
Fordetailedinformationonhowtoadjustthe
frontpassenger'sseat,see>page40.
ZAWARNING
Frontseatpassengerswhoareunbelted,out
ofpositionortooclosetotheairbagcan be
seriouslyinjuredorkilledbytheairbagasit
unfolds.Tohelpreducetheriskof seriousper-
sonalinjury:
—Passengersmustalwayssitinanuprightpo-
sitionandneverleanagainstor placeany
partoftheirbodytooclose tothearea
wheretheairbagsarelocated.
—Passengerswhoareunbelted,outofposi-
tion ortooclosetotheairbagcanbeseri-
ouslyinjuredby anairbagasitunfoldswith
greatforceintheblinkofaneye.
—Alwaysmakesurethatthereareatleast
10in(25cm)betweenthefrontpassenger‘s
breastboneandtheinstrumentpanel.
—Alwaysmakesurethatthereareatleast4in
(10cm)betweenthefrontpassenger‘s
kneesandthelowerpartoftheinstrument
panel.
—Eachpassengermustalwayssitonaseat of
theirownandproperlyfastenandwearthe
safetybeltbelongingtothatseat.
—Beforedriving,alwaysadjustthefrontpas-
sengerseatproperly.
—Alwayskeepyourfeetonthefloorinfrontof
theseat.Neverrestthemontheseat,in-
strumentpanel,outofthewindow,etc.The
airbagsystemandsafetybeltwillnot be
abletoprotectyouproperlyandcanevenin-
creasetheriskofinjuryinacrash.
—Neverdrivewiththebackrestreclinedortilt-
edfarback!Thefartherthebackrestsare
tiltedback,thegreatertheriskofinjurydue
toincorrectpositioningofthesafetybelt
andimproperseatingposition.
—Childrenmustalwaysrideinchildseats
=page212.Specialprecautionsapplywhen
installingachildseatonthefrontpassenger
seat>page188.
Properseatingpositionsforpassengersin
rearseats
Rearseatpassengersmustsituprightwithboth
feetonthefloorconsistentwiththeirphysical
sizeandbeproperlyrestrainedwhenevertheve-
hicleisinuse.
Toreducetheriskofinjurycausedbyanincorrect
seatingpositionintheeventofasuddenbraking
maneuveroranaccident,yourpassengersonthe
rearbenchseatmustalwaysobservethefollow-
ing:
>Makesurethattheseatbackissecurelylatched
intheuprightposition>page46.
>Keepbothfeetflatinthefootwellinfront of
therearseat.
>»Fastenandwearsafetybeltsproperly
=>page184.
177
Page 180 of 312

Safedriving
>Makesurethatchildrenarealwaysproperlyre-
strainedinachildrestraintthatisappropriate
fortheirsizeandage>page212.
ZAWARNING
Passengerswhoareimproperly seatedonthe
rearseatcanbeseriouslyinjuredinacrash.
—Eachpassengermustalwayssitonaseat of
theirownandproperlyfastenandwearthe
safetybeltbelongingtothatseat.
—Safetybeltsonlyoffermaximumprotection
whentheseatbackissecurelylatchedinthe
uprightpositionandthesafetybeltsare
properlypositionedonthebody.Bynotsit-
tingupright,arearseatpassengerincreases
theriskofpersonalinjuryfromimproperly
positionedsafetybelts!
Examplesofimproperseatingpositions
Theoccupantrestraintsystemcanonlyreduce
theriskofinjuryifvehicleoccupantsareproperly
seated.
Improperseatingpositionscancauseseriousin-
juryordeath.Safetybeltscanonlyworkwhen
theyareproperlypositionedonthebody.Im-
properseatingpositionsreducetheeffectiveness
of safety
beltsandwillevenincreasetheriskof
injuryanddeathbymovingthesafetybelttocrit-
icalareasofthebody.Improperseatingpositions
alsoincreasetheriskofseriousinjuryanddeath
whenanairbagdeploysandstrikesanoccupant
whoisnotintheproperseatingposition.Adriver
isresponsibleforthesafetyofallvehicleoccu-
pantsandespeciallyfor children.Therefore:
>Neverallowanyonetoassumeanincorrect
seatingpositionwhenthevehicleisbeingused
oA.
Thefollowingbulletinslistonlysomesamplepo-
sitionsthatwillincreasetheriskofseriousinjury
anddeath.Ourhopeisthattheseexampleswill
makeyoumoreawareofseatingpositionsthat
aredangerous.
Therefore,wheneverthevehicleismoving:
—neverstandupinthevehicle
178
—neverstandontheseats
—neverkneelontheseats
—neverridewiththeseatbackreclined
—neverliedownontheseats
—neverleanupagainsttheinstrumentpanel
—neversitontheedgeoftheseat
—neversitsideways
—neverleanout thewindow
—neverputyourfeetout thewindow
—neverputyourfeetontheinstrumentpanel
—neverrestyourfeetontheseatcushionorback
oftheseat
—neverrideinthefootwell
—neverrideinthecargoarea
ZA\WARNING
Improperseatingpositionsincreasetherisk
ofseriouspersonalinjuryanddeathwhenever
avehicleisbeingused.
—Alwaysmakesurethatallvehicleoccupants
stayinaproperseatingpositionandare
properlyrestrainedwheneverthevehicleis
beingused.
Driverandpassenger
sidefootwell
MalSelechletlina(ad(olary
ZAWARNING
Alwaysmakesurethatthekneeairbagcanin-
flatewithoutinterference.Objectsbetween
yourselfandtheairbagcanincreasetherisk
ofinjuryinanaccident byinterferingwiththe
waytheairbagdeploysorbybeingpushedin-
toyouastheairbagdeploys.
—Nopersons(children)oranimalsshouldride
inthefootwellinfrontofthepassenger
seat.Iftheairbagdeploys,thiscanresultin
serious orfatalinjuries.
—Noobjectsofanykindshouldbecarriedin
thefootwellareainfrontofthedriver'sor
passenger'sseat.Bulkyobjects(shopping
bags,forexample)canhamperorprevent
properdeploymentoftheairbag.Smallob-
jectscanbethrownthroughthevehicleif
Page 181 of 312

8S1012721BA
Safedriving
theairbagdeploysandinjureyouoryour
passengers.
Pedalarea
The pedalsmustalwaysbefreetomoveand
mustneverbeinterferedwithby afloormator
anyotherobject.
Makesurethatallpedalsmovefreelywithoutin-
terferenceandthatnothingpreventsthemfrom
returningtotheiroriginalpositions.
Only usefloormatsthatleavethepedalareafree
andcan besecuredwithfloormatfasteners.
If abrakecircuitfails,increasedbrakepedaltrav-
elisrequiredto bringthevehicletoafullstop.
ZAWARNING
Pedalsthatcannotmovefreelycancauseloss
ofvehiclecontrolandincreasetheriskofseri-
ousinjury.
—Neverplaceanyobjectsinthedriver'sfoot-
well.Anobjectcouldgetintothepedalarea
andinterferewithpedalfunction.Incaseof
suddenbrakingoranaccident,youwould
notbeabletobrakeoraccelerate!
—Alwaysmakesurethatnothingcanfallor
moveintothedriver'sfootwell.
1aColeyMelaMelehTeedel
Alwaysusefloormatsthatcanbesecurelyat-
tachedtothefloormatfastenersanddonotin-
terferewiththefreemovementofthepedals.
>Makesurethatthefloormatsareproperlyse-
curedand cannotmoveandinterferewiththe
pedals>A\.
Useonlyfloormatsthatleavethepedalareaun-
obstructedandthatarefirmlysecuredsothat
theycannotslipoutofposition.Youcanobtain
suitablefloormatsfromyourauthorizedAudi
Dealer.
FloormatfastenersareinstalledinyourAudi.Floor
matsusedinyourvehiclemustbeattached
tothesefasteners.Properlysecuringthefloor
matswillpreventthemfromslidingintoposi-
tionsthatcouldinterferewiththe pedalsorim-
pairsafeoperationofyourvehicleinotherways.
Z\WARNING
Pedalsthatcannotmovefreelycanresultina
lossofvehiclecontrolandincreasetheriskof
seriouspersonalinjury.
—Alwaysmakesurethatfloormatsareprop-
erlysecured.
—Neverplaceorinstallfloormatsorother
floorcoveringsinthevehiclethatcannot be
properlysecuredinplacetopreventthem
fromslippingandinterferingwiththeped-
alsortheabilitytocontrolthevehicle.
—Neverplaceorinstallfloormatsorother
floorcoveringsontopofalreadyinstalled
floormats.Additionalfloormatsandother
coveringswillreducethesizeofthe pedal
areaandinterferewiththepedals.
—Alwaysproperlyreinstallandsecurefloor
matsthathavebeentakenoutforcleaning.
—Alwaysmakesurethatobjectscannotfallin-
tothedriverfootwellwhilethevehicleis
moving.Objectscanbecometrappedunder
thebrakepedalandacceleratorpedalcaus-
ing a lossofvehiclecontrol.
179
Page 182 of 312

Safetybelts
Safetybelts
Generalnotes
Alwayswearsafetybelts!
Wearingsafetybeltscorrectlysaveslives!
Thischapterexplainswhysafetybeltsareneces-
sary,howtheyworkandhowtoadjustandwear
themcorrectly.
>Readalltheinformationthatfollowsandheed
alloftheinstructionsandWARNINGS.
ZA\WARNING
Notwearingsafetybeltsorwearingthemim-
properlyincreasestheriskof seriouspersonal
injuryanddeath.
—Safetybeltsarethesinglemosteffective
meansavailabletoreducetheriskofserious
injuryanddeathinautomobileaccidents.
Foryourprotectionandthat ofyourpassen-
gers,alwayscorrectlywearsafetybelts
whenthevehicleismoving.
—Pregnantwomen,injured,orphysicallyim-
pairedpersonsmustalsousesafetybelts.
Likeallvehicleoccupants,theyaremore
likelytobeseriouslyinjurediftheydonot
wearsafetybelts.Thebestwaytoprotecta
fetusistoprotectthe mother-throughout
theentirepregnancy.
Numberofseats
Yourvehiclehastwoseatingpositionsinthe
frontandtwoheight-limitedseatingpositionsin
therear.Eachseatingpositionhasasafetybelt.
Therearseatareadoesnothaveenoughroomfor
passengersofallsizes.Forreasonsofsafety,no
persontallerthan4ft9in(57in/1.45m)should
everrideintherearseatarea.
ZAWARNING
Notwearingsafetybeltsorwearingthemim-
properlyincreasestheriskof seriouspersonal
injuryanddeath.
—Neverstrapmorethanoneperson,including
smallchildren,intoanybelt.Itisespecially
180
dangeroustoplaceasafetybeltoverachild
sittingonyourlap.
—Neverletmorepeoplerideinthevehicle
thantherearesafetybeltsavailable.
—Besureeveryoneridinginthevehicleis
properlyrestrainedwithaseparatesafety
beltorchildrestraint.
—Personstallerthan4ft9in(57in/1.45m)
aswellaschildreninboosterseatswhoare
tooclosetotherearwindowandroofcan
suffersevereheadandneckinjurieswhen
therearlidisclosedorinacrash.
— Theminimumclearancebetweenthepas-
senger’sheadsandtherearwindowmust
never-underanycircumstances-beless
than1in(2.5cm)whenthepassengerssit
fullyupright.
—Alwaysmakesurethatrearseatpassengers
cannot bestruck whentherearlidisclosed.
SiayaaEUMeLal
Yourvehiclehasawarningsystemforthedriver
andfrontseatpassengertoremindyouabout
theimportanceofbuckling-up.
BFV-0297
Fig.142Safetybeltwarninglightintheinstrumentclus-
ter-enlarged
Beforedrivingoff,always:
>Fastenyoursafetybeltandmakesureyouwear
itproperly.
>Makesurethatyourpassengersalsobuckleup
and
properlyweartheirsafetybelts.
>Protectchildrenwitha childrestraintsystem
appropriateforthesizeandage.
Thewarninglightintheinstrumentcluster
lightsupwhentheignitionisswitchedonasa re-
mindertofastenthesafetybelts.Inaddition,>
Page 183 of 312

8S1012721BA
Safetybelts
youwillhearawarningtoneforacertainperiod
oftime.
Fastenyoursafetybeltandmakesurethatyour
passengersalsoproperlyputontheirsafety
belts.
—Safetybeltsarethesinglemosteffective
meansavailabletoreducetheriskofserious
injuryanddeathinautomobileaccidents.
Foryourprotectionandthat ofyourpassen-
gers,alwayscorrectlywearsafetybelts
whenthevehicleismoving.
—Failuretopayattentiontothewarninglight
thatcomeon,couldlead topersonalinjury.
Whysafetybelts?
eelmeleelameLwmelmale)
Frontalcrashescreateverystrongforcesforpeo-
pleridinginvehicles.
B4H-0465,
B4H-0466
Fig.144Thevehiclecrashesintothewall
Thephysicalprinciplesaresimple.Boththevehi-
cleandthepassengerspossessenergywhichvar-
ieswithvehiclespeedandbodyweight.Engi-
neerscallthisenergy“kineticenergy.”
Thehigherthespeedofthevehicleandthe
greaterthevehicle'sweight,themoreenergy
thathastobe“absorbed”inthecrash.
Vehiclespeedisthemostsignificantfactor.Ifthe
speeddoublesfrom15to30mph(25to50
km/h), theenergyincreases4times!
Becausethepassengersofthisvehiclearenotus-
ingsafetybelts>fig.143,theywillkeepmoving
atthesamespeedthevehiclewasmovingjust
beforethecrash,untilsomethingstopsthem-
here,thewall>fig.144.
Thesameprinciplesapplytopeoplesittingina
vehiclethatisinvolvedinafrontalcollision.Even
atcityspeedsof20to30mph(30to50km/h),
theforces actingonthebodycanreachoneton
(2,000lbs,or1,000kg)ormore.Athigher
speeds,theseforcesareevengreater.
Peoplewhodonotusesafetybeltsarealsonot
attachedtotheirvehicle.Inafrontalcollision
theywillalsokeepmovingforwardatthespeed
theirvehiclewastravellingjustbeforethecrash.
Ofcourse,thelawsofphysicsdon'tjustapplyto
frontalcollisions,theydeterminewhathappens
inallkindsofaccidentsandcollisions.
181
Page 184 of 312

Safetybelts
Whathappenstooccupantsnotwearing
riaVa)beg
Incrashesunbeltedoccupantscannotstop
themselvesfromflyingforwardandbeingin-
juredorkilled.Alwayswearyoursafetybelts!
Fig.146Arearpassengernotwearingasafetybeltwillfly
forwardandstrikethedriver
Unbeltedoccupantsarenotabletoresistthetre-
mendousforcesofimpactbyholdingtightor
bracingthemselves.Withoutthebenefit ofsafe-
tyrestraintsystems,theunrestrainedoccupant
willslamviolentlyintothesteeringwheel,in-
strumentpanel,windshield,orwhateverelseis
intheway>fig.145.Thisimpactwiththevehi-
cleinteriorhasalltheenergytheyhadjustbefore
thecrash.
Neverrelyonairbagsaloneforprotection.Even
whentheydeploy,airbags provideonlyadditional
protection.Airbagsarenotsupposedtodeployin
allkindsofaccidents.AlthoughyourAudiis
equippedwithairbags,allvehicleoccupants,in-
cludingthedriver,mustwearsafetybeltscor-
rectlyinordertominimizetheriskofseverein-
juryordeathinacrash.
182
Remembertoo,thatairbagswilldeployonlyonce
andthatyoursafetybeltsarealwaystheretoof-
ferprotectioninthoseaccidentsinwhichairbags
arenotsupposedtodeployor whentheyhaveal-
readydeployed.Unbeltedoccupantscanalsobe
thrownoutofthevehiclewhereevenmoresevere
orfatalinjuriescanoccur.
Itisalsoimportantfortherearpassengersto
wearSafetybeltscorrectly.Unbeltedpassengers
intherearseatsendangernotonlythemselves
butalsothedriverandotherpassengers
>fig.146.Inafrontalcollisiontheywillbe
thrownforwardviolently,wherethey canhitand
injurethedriverand/orfrontseatpassenger.
SilaLiewolgela-las
Peoplethinkit'spossibletousethehandsto
bracethebodyinaminorcollision.It'ssimply
nottrue!
2S3
$> c
oO
Fig.147Driveriscorrectlyrestrainedinasuddenbraking
maneuver.
Safetybeltsusedproperlycanmakeabigdiffer-
ence.Safetybeltshelptokeeppassengersin
theirseats,graduallyreduceenergylevelsap-
pliedtothebodyinanaccident,andhelpprevent
theuncontrolledmovementthatcancauseseri-
ousinjuries.Inaddition,safetybeltsreducethe
dangerofbeingthrownoutofthevehicle.
Safetybeltsattachpassengerstothecarandgive
themthebenefitofbeingsloweddownmore
gentlyor“softly”throughthe“give”inthesafety
belts,crushzonesandothersafetyfeaturesengi-
neeredintotoday'svehicles.By“absorbing”the
kineticenergyoveralongerperiodoftime,the
safetybeltsmaketheforcesonthebodymore
“tolerable”andlesslikelytocauseinjury.