2018 VOLVO V90 CROSS COUNTRY fuel cap

14
SPECIFICATIONS
Type designations632
Dimensions 635
Weights 637
Towing capacity and tongue weight 638
Engine specifications 639
Engine oil specifications 640
Coolant specifications 641
Transmission fluid specifications 641
Brake fluid specifications 641
Fuel tank volume 642
Air conditioning specifications 642
Approved tire pressure 643
INDEX
Index 645

STARTING AND DRIVING
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435
Winter driving
It is important to check the vehicle before driving in cold/snowy conditions to make sure it can bedriven safely.
Before the cold season arrives:
• Make sure the engine coolant contains 50% antifreeze. This mixture helps protect theengine from frost erosion down toapprox. -35 °C (-31 °F). Do not mix differenttypes of antifreeze as this could pose ahealth risk.
• Keep the fuel tank well filled to prevent con-densation from forming.
• Check the viscosity of the engine oil. Oil withlow viscosity (thinner oil) improves cold-weather starting and reduces fuel consump-tion when driving with a cold engine.
CAUTION
Low-viscosity oil should not be used with hard driving or in hot weather.
•
Check the condition and charge level of the start battery. Cold weather places greaterdemands on the start battery and reduces itscapacity.
• Use washer fluid containing antifreeze tohelp prevent ice from forming in the washerfluid reservoir.
Slippery driving conditionsFor optimal traction and roadholding, Volvo rec-ommends using snow tires on all wheels when-ever there is a risk of snow or ice on the road.
NOTE
Certain countries require use of winter tires by law. Not all countries permit the use ofstudded tires.
Practice driving on slippery surfaces under con- trolled conditions to learn how the vehicle reacts.
Related information
•Snow tires (p. 545)
• Snow chains (p. 545)
• Braking on salted roads (p. 407)
• Braking on wet roads (p. 406)
• Filling washer fluid (p. 629)
• Start battery (p. 595)
• Replacing windshield wiper blades (p. 627)
• Changing rear window wipers (p. 626)
• Refilling coolant (p. 586)
Driving through standing water
Driving the vehicle through a deep pool of stand- ing water on a water-covered roadway is calledfording. This must be done with great caution.
The vehicle can be driven through water up to a depth of 30 cm (11.8 in) at no more than walkingspeed. Be particularly careful when drivingthrough flowing water. When driving through standing water, drive slowly and do not stop the vehicle. When you havepassed the water, press lightly on the brake pedaland check that the brakes are functioning prop-erly. Water, mud, slush, etc. can make the brakelinings slippery, resulting in delayed brakingeffect.
• If the vehicle is equipped with contacts for anelectric heater or trailer coupling, clean theseafter driving in water or mud.
• Do not allow the vehicle to stand in water upto the sills any longer than absolutely neces-sary. This could result in electrical malfunc-tions.

STARTING AND DRIVING
439
NOTE
When switching to higher octane fuel or changing gasoline brands, it may be neces-sary to fill the tank more than once before adifference in engine operation is noticeable.
Fuel FormulationsDo not use gasoline that contains lead or manga- nese as a knock inhibitor, and do not use leadadditives. Besides damaging the exhaust emis-sion control systems on your vehicle, lead hasbeen strongly linked to certain forms of cancer. Many fuels contain benzene as a solvent. Unburned benzene has been strongly linked tocertain forms of cancer. If you live in an areawhere you must fill your own gas tank, take pre-cautions. These may include: •standing upwind away from the filler nozzle while refueling
• refueling only at gas stations with vaporrecovery systems that fully seal the mouth ofthe filler neck during refueling
• wearing neoprene gloves while handling afuel filler nozzle.
Use of AdditivesWith the exception of gas line antifreeze duringwinter months, do not add solvents, thickeners, or other store-bought additives to your vehicle'sfuel, cooling, or lubricating systems. Overuse maydamage your engine, and some of these additivescontain organically volatile chemicals. Do notneedlessly expose yourself to these chemicals.
WARNING
Never carry a cell phone that is
switched on
while refueling your vehicle. If the phone rings, this may cause a spark that could ignite gaso-line fumes, resulting in fire and injury.
WARNING
Carbon monoxide is a poisonous, colorless, and odorless gas. It is present in all exhaustgases. If you ever smell exhaust fumes insidethe vehicle, make sure the passenger com-partment is ventilated, and immediately returnthe vehicle to a trained and qualified Volvoservice technician for correction.
Demanding drivingIn demanding driving conditions, e.g. when driving in a hot climates, driving with a trailer or drivingfor longer periods at higher altitudes (mountainlandscapes) than normal, it is recommended switching to a higher octane fuel than AKI 91 8
or
changing gasoline brand to take full advantage of your car's engine capacity and obtain the opti-mum driving force.
Related information
• Fuel (p. 437)
• Emission controls (p. 440)
8
AKI (Anti Knock Index) is an average value of RON (Research Octane Number) and MON (Motor Octane Number) - (RON)+(MON)/2

WHEELS AND TIRES
* Option/accessory.531
Checking tire pressure
Correct inflation pressure helps improve driving stability, save fuel and increase the service life ofthe tires.
Tire pressure decreases over time, which is nor- mal. Tire pressure also varies depending on theambient temperature. Driving on under-inflatedtires could cause the vehicle to overheat and leadto damage. Tire pressure affects traveling com-fort, road noise and driving characteristics. Check the pressure in the tires every month. Use the recommended inflation pressure for cold tiresfor optimal tire performance and wear. Under-inflated or over-inflated tires could cause uneventread wear. Use an air pressure gauge and check the infla- tion pressure on all the tires, including the spare tire 4
, at least once a month and before long trips.
Volvo strongly recommends buying a reliable air pressure gauge, as the automatic gauges provi-ded at service stations may be inaccurate.
WARNING
• Under-inflation is the most common cause of tire failure and may result insevere tire cracking, tread separation, or"blow-out," with unexpected loss of vehi-cle control and increased risk of injury.
• Under-inflated tires reduce the load car-rying capacity of your vehicle.
Cold tiresInflation pressure should be checked when thetires are cold. The tires are considered to be cold when they have the same temperature as the surrounding(ambient) air. This temperature is normally reached after the vehicle has been parked for at least 3 hours. After driving for approximately 1.6 km (1 mile), the tires are considered to be warm. If you needto drive longer than that to inflate the tires, checkand record the inflation pressure of the tires firstand inflate accordingly when you arrive at thepump. When the ambient temperature changes, so does the inflation pressure. A 10-degree temperaturedrop causes a corresponding drop in inflationpressure of 1 psi (7 kPa). Check the inflationpressure of the tires regularly and adjust to the correct pressure, which can be found on the vehi-cle's tire information placard or certification label. If you check inflation pressure when the tires are warm, you should never release air. The tiresbecome warm after driving and it is normal forwarm tires to have an inflation pressure abovethe recommended pressure for cold tires. A warmtire with an inflation pressure equal to or underthe recommended pressure for cold tires couldbe significantly under-inflated.Related information
•
Adjusting tire pressure (p. 532)
• Recommended tire pressure (p. 533)
• Tire pressure monitoring system
* (p. 533)
• Tires (p. 524)
4
Not available in all models.

WHEELS AND TIRES
552
Determining the vehicle's permittedweight
Properly loading your vehicle will provide maxi- mum return of vehicle design performance.
Weight designationsBefore loading your vehicle, familiarize yourself with the following terms for determining yourvehicle's weight ratings, with or without a trailer,from the vehicle's Federal/Canadian Motor Vehi-cle Safety Standards (FMVSS/CMVSS) label, andthe vehicle's tire information placard:
Curb weight
The weight of the vehicle including a full tank of fuel and all standard equipment. It does notinclude passengers, cargo, or optional equipment.
Capacity weight
All weight added to the curb weight, including cargo and optional equipment. When towing, tow-bar weight is also part of cargo weight.
Permissible axle weight
The maximum allowable weight that can be car- ried by a single axle (front or rear). These num-bers are shown on the Federal/Canadian MotorVehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS/CMVSS) label.The total load on each axle must never exceed itsmaximum permissible weight.
Gross vehicle weight (GVW)
The vehicle's curb weight + cargo + passengers.
Steps for Determining Correct Load Limit
1. Locate the statement "the combined weight of occupants and cargo should never exceed XXX kg or XXX lbs." on your vehicle's plac-ard.
2. Determine the combined weight of the driver and passengers that will be riding in yourvehicle.
3. Subtract the combined weight of the driver and passengers from XXX kg or XXX lbs.
4. The resulting figure equals the available amount of cargo and luggage load capacity.For example, if the "XXX" amount equals1400 lbs. and there will be five 150 lb. pas-sengers in your vehicle, the amount of availa-ble cargo and luggage load capacity is 650lbs. (1400 - 750 (5 × 150) = 650 lbs.)
5. Determine the combined weight of luggage and cargo being loaded on the vehicle. Thatweight may not safely exceed the availablecargo and luggage load capacity calculatedin Step 4.
6. If your vehicle will be towing a trailer, load from your trailer will be transferred to yourvehicle. Consult this manual to determinehow this reduces the available cargo and lug-gage load capacity of your vehicle.
WARNING
• Exceeding the permissible axle weight, gross vehicle weight, or any other weightrating limits can cause tire overheatingresulting in permanent deformation orcatastrophic failure.
• Do not use replacement tires with lowerload carrying capacities than the tires thatwere original equipment on the vehiclebecause this will lower the vehicle's GVWrating. Use only tires with the correct loadcarrying capacity. Consult your Volvoretailer for information.
Related information
• Loading recommendations (p. 561)

MAINTENANCE AND SERVICE
598
Support battery In addition to the start battery, vehicles equipped with the Start/Stop function also have a supportbattery.
Vehicles with the Start/Stop function are equip- ped with two 12-volt batteries ‒ a heavy-duty
start battery and a support battery that provides extra current during the Start/Stop function'sstart sequence.
The support battery is located in a box next to the spring strut in the engine compartment.
NOTE
• The higher the current consumption in the vehicle, the more the alternator has towork and the batteries have to becharged = increased fuel consumption.
• When the starter battery capacity hasdropped below the lowest permissiblelevel, the Start/Stop function is disen-gaged.
When the Start/Stop function is temporarily reduced due to high current consumption:
• The engine will auto-start, even if the driverdoes not lift their foot from the brake pedal.
The support battery does not normally requiremore service than the start battery. If you have any questions or concerns, consult a workshop ‒
an authorized Volvo workshop is recommended.
CAUTION
If the following is not observed, the Start/ Stop function may temporarily stop workingafter connection of an external starter batteryor battery charger: • The negative battery terminal of the vehi- cle's starter battery must
never be used
to connect an external starter battery orbattery charger – only the vehicle's neg-
ative charging point should be used as
a grounding point.