equipment and cause damage to the vehicle. Always keep the windows and glass roof closed when
driving offroad.
Explanation of some technical terms
Fig. 113 Illustration: angle of gradient.
Fig. 114 Illustration: tilt angle.
First read and observe the introductoryinformation and safety warnings
Centre of gravityThe centre of gravity of a vehicle influences its propensity to roll over. The vehicle
has greater ground clearance for offroad driving, and thus a higher centre of gravity than a normal
vehicle. The high centre of gravity means that there is a greater danger of roll-over when driving.
Always remember this fact when driving and follow the safety tips and warnings given in this
owner's manual.Ground clearanceThis is the vertical distance between the ground and the lowest
item on the vehicle underbody.Angle of gradientThe number of metres in height gained over a
distance of 100 m is given as a percentage or degree Fig. 113
vehicle can drive up under its own power. This depends on aspects such as the road surface and
engine power.Tilt angleMaximum angle at which the vehicle may be driven across a slope without
the vehicle tipping over (determined by centre of gravity) Fig. 114
permitted angle given in degrees that a vehicle driven at low speed can clear a ramp without the
underbody of the vehicle scraping the ramp.Ramp angleCrossover from the horizontal level surface
to an uphill gradient, or from a downhill gradient back to the level surface. Angle up to which the
vehicle bottoms with the underbody on the ramp edge.Fall lineThis is the vertical drop
route.ArticulationThe articulation capability of the vehicle when driving over objects with just one
side of the vehicle.
Checklist before driving offroad
First read and observe the introductoryinformation and safety warnings
how to drive safely in difficult terrain. Driving offroad demands different skills and driving styles in
comparison to driving on roads. The safety of the driver and the vehicle occupants depends on the
driver.
General rules and driving tips
First read and observe the introductoryinformation and safety warnings
Code of conduct for offroad driving
A responsible driver should respect the environment when driving offroad. Remember that driving
through undergrowth and on meadows can destroy animal and plant habitats.
Always stay on designated routes and paths.
Do not create any unnecessary noise or dust.
Leave nature as you found it.
Avoid sensitive natural habitats.
Give way to drivers coming uphill or who are overtaking.
Driving tips
Special rules apply when driving offroad:
Never drive offroad alone. Always drive offroad in a team of at least two offroad vehicles.
Unexpected situations can always occur. We recommend that you carry equipment you can use for
calling for help.
Stop your vehicle when you reach difficult sections, and walk along the route ahead to inspect it.
Drive slowly over the crests of hills so the vehicle does not lose contact with the ground. This could
cause damage, leaving you unable to manoeuvre.
Drive slowly when the route is difficult. Shift up a gear when on slippery ground and always keep the
vehicle in motion.
Always look for flat and firm surfaces. The ground is predominantly soft when driving offroad,
meaning the tyres could sink into the ground. This will reduce ground clearance and the fording
depth.
Even when driving at low speeds, always keep your distance from other vehicles. If the first vehicle
suddenly gets stuck, the following vehicle then can stop without getting stuck itself.
NOTICE
Always ensure that there is enough ground clearance underneath the vehicle. Serious damage to the
underbody could occur if the vehicle bottoms on the ground. This damage could cause the vehicle to
break down and thus make it impossible to drive on.
