2015 VOLVO XC90 maintenance

DRIVER SUPPORT
274When triggered, City Safety carries out three steps in the following order: 1.
Collision warning
2. Brake assistance
3. Auto-brake
1: Collision warningThe driver is first alerted to the risk of an immi- nent collision. City Safety can detect pedestrians, cyclists or vehicles that are stationary or that are moving inthe same direction as your vehicle. The driver isalerted by a flashing red warning signal, an audi-ble signal and pulsations in the brake pedal.
2: Brake assistanceIf the risk of a collision increases, brake supportwill be activated. This function increases pressure on the brake pedal if the driver does not apply enough pres-sure to the pedal.
3: Auto-brakeThe brakes will be applied automatically. If the driver has not taken action at this stage and a collision is imminent, auto-braking will be trig-gered. Full braking effect will be used to avoidthe collision if possible or to make the speed atthe point of impact as low as possible. In certain situations, auto-braking may begin with limited effect before full braking is used. If City Safety has prevented a collision, the vehi-cle will be kept at a standstill until the drivertakes action. If the vehicle has slowed to avoidcolliding with the vehicle ahead, your speed willbe reduced to that vehicle's speed. When auto-break is triggered, the seat belt pre- tensioners may also be activated, see the article"Seat belts" for additional information. Auto-braking can be cancelled if the driver presses hard on the accelerator pedal. When City Safety applies the brakes, the brake lights will illuminate. When City Safety is triggered and applies the brakes, a text message will be displayed in theinstrument panel.
WARNING
Warnings will only be provided if there is an imminent risk of a collision taking place. Thedriver should be aware of the system's limita-tions before operating the vehicle. Warnings for pedestrians and cyclists will not be provided if the vehicle's speed is above50 mph (80 km/h). City Safety's auto-brake function can help prevent a collision or reduce the speed atwhich a collision occurs. However, the drivershould always apply the brakes, even if auto-brake is operating. The driver is always responsible for maintain- ing the correct speed and distance in relationto the vehicle ahead. Never wait for a collisionwarning or for City Safety to intervene. City Safety maintenance may only be carried out by a trained and qualified Volvo servicetechnician.
Related information
•
City Safety
™ troubleshooting (p. 280)
• City Safety in crossing traffic (p. 277)
• City Safety limitations (p. 278)
• City Safety symbols and messages (p. 282)
• Detecting cyclists and pedestrians with City Safety (p. 275)
• Rear Collision Warning (RCW) (p. 277)
• City Safety warning level settings (p. 275)

DRIVER SUPPORT
* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.281
CAUTION
•Service and maintenance on City Safety may only be carried out by a trained andqualified Volvo service technician.
• If a crack, scratch or stone chip shouldoccur in the section of the windshield infront the camera/radar sensor, contact atrained and qualified Volvo service techni-cian to repair or replace the windshield.Failing to do so may result in reducedCity Safety functionality.
To help prevent limited or reduced functional- ity, please also observe the following:
• Volvo recommends that cracks, scratches or stone chips on the windshield in front of the camera/radar sensor should
not
be repaired; in such cases, the entire windshield should be replaced.
• Before the windshield is replaced, con-tact a Volvo retailer to ensure that thecorrect windshield is ordered and instal-led. If the wrong type of windshield isused, this may cause City Safety to func-tion improperly or not at all.
• Volvo recommends the use of only Genu-ine Volvo Replacement Windshields.
• When replacing windshield wipers, usethe same type or ones approved by Volvo.
After the windshield has been replaced, the camera/radar sensor will have to be recalibra-ted by a trained and qualified Volvo servicetechnician to help ensure proper function ofall of the vehicle's camera-/radar-based sys-tems.
MaintenanceIn order for City Safety to function properly, the area of the windshield must be kept free of dirt,ice, snow, etc.
Other vehicle functionsIf a message is displayed in the instrument panel,this means that the other systems using the cam-era/radar sensor (see the list below) will not havefull functionality or may not function at all. The radar sensor is used by the following func- tions:
• Distance Alert
*
• Driver Alert Control
*
• Adaptive Cruise Control
*
• Pilot Assist
*
• Road Sign Information
*
• Active High Beams
*
• Lane Keeping Aid
*
Do not mount or in any way attach anything onthe windshield that could obstruct the camera/radar sensor.
WARNING
• The camera has the same type of limita- tions as the human eye, i.e., it cannot seeas well in heavy snowfall or rain, thick fogor in heavy blowing dust or snow. In suchconditions, systems depending on thecamera may experience greatly reducedfunctionality or may be temporarily deacti-vated.
• Never place any objects, decals, etc., onthe windshield in front of the camera. Thiscould reduce or block the camera

DRIVER SUPPORT
* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.301
•
With
360° view selected, objects/obstacles
may not be detected at the edges of the indi- vidual cameras' fields of vision.
• A crossed-out camera icon means that thecamera is not functioning properly.
Ambient lightingThe camera images are adjusted automatically to the ambient light, which means the image mayvary slightly in terms of light and quality. Poorambient lighting may reduce the quality of theimage.
Maintenance
• Keep the camera's lens free of dirt, ice and snow. This is particularly important in poorambient lighting conditions.
• Remove dirt, ice and snow carefully to avoidscratching the lenses.
• Clean the lens regularly with warm water anda suitable car washing detergent.
Related information
•
Park Assist Camera (PAC)
* (p. 296)
Park Assist Pilot (PAP) *
Park Assist Pilot (PAP) helps the driver drive into and leave parking spaces.
Park Assist Pilot (PAP) provides assistance when parking by measuring the parking space andturning the steering wheel to guide the vehicleinto the space. Information about the actions required by the driver is provided in the center display in the formof symbols, images and text.
NOTE
The driver's task is to follow the instructions, select a gear ( D or R), regulate the vehicle's
speed, apply the brakes when necessary and stop.
Types of parking
Parallel parking
Procedure for parallel parking
PAP helps park the vehicle as follows:
1. The system searches for and measures a possible parking space. While this is being done, the vehicle's speed may not exceedapprox. 20 mph ( 30 km/h). When backinginto a space, the speed may not exceedapprox. 12 mph ( 20 km/h).
2. The vehicle is steered while it is backing into the parking space.
3. The vehicle's position is adjusted in the park- ing space by moving forward and rearward.

DRIVER SUPPORT
* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.
306 •
Do not use PAP if snow chains or a tempo- rary spare tire are being used.
• Do not use PAP if there are any objects pro-truding from the vehicle.
WARNING
•The front end of your vehicle may turn out toward oncoming traffic during the park-ing procedure.
• Objects located above the parking sen-sors' field of vision are not included whenPAP measures a parking space. For thisreason, PAP may turn into the parkingspace too soon. Avoid parking spaces ofthis type.
• The driver is always responsible for deter-mining if PAP has selected a suitableparking space.
Maintenance
Location of the PAP sensors
PAP uses the same sensors as the Park Assist system. To function correctly, these sensors mustbe cleaned regularly with water and a suitable carwashing detergent.
Related information
•
Park Assist Pilot (PAP)
* (p. 301)
• Park Assist Pilot (PAP)
* limitations (p. 305)
• Park Assist Pilot (PAP)
* symbols and mes-
sages (p. 307)

DRIVER SUPPORT
* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.315
Different time intervals to the vehicle ahead can be selectedand are shown in the instru-ment panel as 1–5 horizontalbars. The greater the number ofbars, the longer the time inter-val.
One bar between the vehicles represents a timeinterval of approximately 1 second; 5 bars isapproximately 3 seconds. The same symbol appears if Adaptive Cruise Control is activated.
NOTE
• The greater the vehicles' speed, the greater the
distance between them for a
set time interval.
• The set time interval is also used by Adaptive Cruise Control
*.
• Only use time intervals permitted by local traffic regulations.
Related information
•
Distance Alert
* (p. 314)
Distance Alert * limitations
Distance Alert uses the same radar sensor as Adaptive Cruise Control * and has several limita-
tions.
WARNING
• The radar sensor has a limited field of vision. In some situations it may detect avehicle later than expected or not detectother vehicles at all.
• The radar sensor cannot cover all drivingsituations and traffic, weather and roadconditions.
• The driver is responsible for maintaining asafe distance and speed and must inter-vene if the various driver support systemsdo not maintain a suitable speed or suita-ble distance to the vehicle ahead.
• Maintenance of radar sensor componentsmay only be performed by a trained andqualified Volvo technician.
• Strong sunlight, reflections from the roadsurface, strong lighting contrasts or usingsunglasses may make the warning light inthe windshield difficult to see.
For additional information, see also the article "Radar sensor limitations."
Related information
• Radar sensor limitations (p. 245)
• Distance Alert
* (p. 314)
Blind Spot Information (BLIS) *
Blind Spot Information is a system designed to alert the driver to the presence of other vehiclesmoving in the same direction as your vehicle onroads with several lanes.
Blind Spot Information is a driving aid intended to:
• detect other vehicles in your door mirrors' "blind area"
• detect vehicles that are about to pass yourvehicle or are approaching your vehiclequickly from behind in the left and/or rightlanes
WARNING
•
Blind Spot Information is an information system, NOT a warning or safety systemand does not function in all situations.
• Blind Spot Information does not eliminatethe need for you to visually confirm theconditions around you, and the need foryou to turn your head and shoulders tomake sure that you can safely changelanes or back up.
• As the driver, you have full responsibilityfor changing lanes/backing up in a safemanner.

DRIVER SUPPORT
* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.
318
Maintenance
The BLIS/CTA 8
sensors are located on the
inside of the rear fenders/bumper.
Keep the highlighted area clean (on both sides of the vehicle)
For the system to function optimally, the area over and around the sensors must be kept clean. If one or both of the sensors are blocked and "
Rear sensors blocked, cleaning needed" is
displayed in the instrument panel, clean the area over and around the sensors as soon as possible. A text message can be erased by briefly pressing the O button on the right-side steering wheel
keypad.
CAUTION
Repairs to the BLIS/CTA systems and/or repainting the rear bumper should only bedone by a trained and qualified Volvo servicetechnician.
Related information
• Blind Spot Information (BLIS)
* On/Off
(p. 317)
• Blind Spot Information (BLIS)
* (p. 315)
• Cross Traffic Alert (CTA)
* (p. 318)
Cross Traffic Alert (CTA) *
Cross Traffic Alert (CTA) is a supplementary part of Blind Spot Information and is intended todetect vehicles crossing behind your vehiclewhile you are backing up.
When does Cross Traffic Alert function
Principle for CTA
CTA supplements BLIS by warning the driver of crossing traffic behind your vehicle, for example,when backing out of a parking space. It is primarily designed to detect another vehicle but in certain cases may also detect pedestriansor smaller objects such as bicycles. CTA is only activated when the vehicle is rolling rearward or backing up and is activated automati-cally when the gear selector is put in reverse.
8 Cross Traffic Alert *

DRIVER SUPPORT
* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.
320
Cross Traffic Alert (CTA) * limitations
CTA functionality may be reduced in certain sit- uations.
LimitationsCTA has limitations in certain situations, for example, the CTA sensors cannot "see" throughother parked vehicles or obstructions. The following are several examples where CTA's "field of vision" may initially be limited andapproaching vehicles cannot be detected untilthey are too close:
The vehicle is pulled far into a parking space
In angled parking spaces, CTA may be "blind" on one side
CTA's blind area
CTA's "field of vision"
However, as you back your vehicle out of a park- ing space, CTA's "field of vision" expands. Examples of other limitations include:
• Dirt, ice or snow obstructing the sensors may reduce the system's function or make itimpossible to detect other vehicles orobjects.
• CTA is deactivated if a trailer's wiring is con-nected to the vehicle's electrical system.
MaintenanceThe CTA sensors are located on the inside of the rear fenders/bumper.
Keep the highlighted area clean (on both sides of the vehicle)
For the system to function optimally, the area over and around the sensors must be kept clean. Do not attach any objects, tape, decals, etc., on the surface of the sensors.
CAUTION
Repairs to the BLIS/CTA systems and/or repainting the rear bumper should only bedone by a trained and qualified Volvo servicetechnician.
Related information
•
Cross Traffic Alert (CTA)
* (p. 318)
• Activating/deactivating Cross Traffic Alert (CTA)
* (p. 319)

STARTING AND DRIVING
340•
Remove snow tires when threat of snow or ice has ended.
• Note that roof racks, ski racks, etc, increaseair resistance and also fuel consumption.
• At highway driving speeds, fuel consumptionwill be lower with the air conditioning on andthe windows closed than with the air condi-tioning off and the windows open.
• Using the onboard trip computer's fuel con-sumption modes can help you learn how todrive more economically.
Other factors that decrease gas mileage are:
• Dirty air cleaner
• Dirty engine oil and clogged oil filter
• Dragging brakes
• Incorrect front end alignment
Some of the above mentioned items and others are checked at the standard maintenance inter-vals.
Handling and roadholding
• Vehicle load, tire design and inflation pres- sure all affect vehicle handling. Therefore,check that the tires are inflated to the rec-ommended pressure according to the vehicleload. Loads should be distributed so thatcapacity weight or maximum permissible axleloads are not exceeded.
• At the specified curb weight your vehicle hasa tendency to understeer, which means thatthe steering wheel has to be turned more than might seem appropriate for the curva-ture of a bend. This ensures good stabilityand reduces the risk of rear wheel skid.Remember that these properties can alterwith the vehicle load. The heavier the load inthe cargo compartment, the less the ten-dency to understeer.
Driving through standing water
The vehicle should be driven with extreme cau- tion if it is necessary to drive through standingwater.
The vehicle can be driven through water up to a depth of approximately 17.7 in. (45 cm) at walk-ing speed to help prevent water from enteringthe differential and the transmission. Thisreduces the oil's lubricating capacity and mayshorten the service life of these components.
• Take particular care when driving through flowing water.
• After driving through water, apply the brakesand check that they are functioning correctly.
• Clean the electrical connections for trailerwiring after driving in mud or water.
• When driving through water, maintain lowspeed and do not stop in the water.