2015 VOLKSWAGEN TRANSPORTER fuel consumption

A WARNING (Continued)
of braking power, considerably increase brak-ing distance and can cause the brake system to fail completely.
• Please ensure that the correct brake fluid is used. Only use brake fluid that Is explicitly compliant with VW standard 501 14.
• Any other brake fluid or a low-quality one can affect the functioning of the brakes and reduce their effectiveness.
• If a brake fluid compliant with VW stand-ard 501 14 Is not available, use a high-quality brake fluid compliant with DIN ISO 4925 CLASS 4 or the US standard FMVSS 116 DOT 4, but only in exceptional circumstances.
• The refilled brake fluid must be new .
A wARNING
Brake fluid is toxic.
• In order to reduce the risk of poisoning, never use bottles or other containers to store brake fluid. These containers could encour-age other people to drink out of them, even if they are labelled otherwise.
• Brake fluid must always be stored in its original sealed container and kept out of the reach of children.
CD
Brake fluid that has leaked or been split can damage the vehicle palntwork, plastic parts and tyres. Brake fluid that has leaked or been split should be cleaned off the vehicle paint-work and other components Immediately.
& Brake nuid can pollute the environment. Any W spilt service nuids must be cleaned up and disposed of properly. Driving with respect for the environment
o:::n Introduction
This chapter contains information on the following subjects:
An economic driving style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
Saving fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
Fuel consumption, environmental impact and wear on the engine, brakes and tyres depend largely on three factors:
• Personal driving style.
• Conditions of use (weather, road surface).
• Technical conditions.
An economic driving style
i""1"'n First read and observe the introductory L-J,:.U information and safety warnings & on page 278. .,.
278 I While drivmg
A few simple measures can help save fuel by up to 25%, depending on how you drive.
A WARNING
Adapt your speed and distance from the vehi-cles ahead to suit visibility, weather, road and traffic conditions.

Changing gear earlier
In principle, the highest gear is always the most economical gear. A rule of thumb for most vehicles: at a speed of 30 kmlh (19 m ph} drive in third gear, at 40 km/h (25 mph) in 4th gear and at 50 km/h (31 mph) In 5th gear.
If the traffic and driving situation allows it, skipping gears when changing up a gear will also save fuel.
Do not drive gears to their upper limit. Use first gear only for pulling away then quickly change up to second gear. Avoid using the kickdown func-tion in vehicles with a DSG® dual clutch gearbox.
Vehicles with a gear display help to improve fuel economy by indicating the optimum time to change gear.
Rolling to a stop
Taking your foot off the accelerator will interrupt the supply of fuel to the engine and decrease fuel con-sumption.
Therefore, in situations such as approaching a red traffic light, let the vehicle roll without applying the accelerator.
Only press on the dutch pedal to disengage if the vehicle becomes too slow or if the stopping dis-tance is longer. The engine will then run at idling speed 263.
Switch off the engine in situations when the vehicle might be stationary for a long time, e.g. at a level crossing. In vehicles with an active start/stop sys-tem, the engine will switch off automatically when the vehicle Is stationary.
Thinking ahead when driving, and driving with the flow of traffic
Applying the brake and accelerator too often will significantly increase fuel consumption. If you think ahead when driving and maintain a sufficient dis-tance from the vehicle in front, simply keeping your foot off the accelerator should stop the speed from fluctuating. This means that active braking and ac-celerating is not always necessary.
Driving smoothly and evenly
Smoothness is even more important than speed. The more evenly you drive, the lower your fuel consumption will be.
When driving on a motorway, it is much more ef-fective to drive at a constant moderate speed than to drive with constant acceleration and braking. As a rule, driving with a constant style will get you to your destination just as quickly.
The cruise control system will help you to maintain a constant driving style.
Using additional equipment in moderation
lt is always important to be comfortable in your ve-hicle, but it is also important to consider the envi-ronment.
Some equipment will increase fuel consumption when switched on:
• The cooling function of the air conditioning sys-tem: if the air conditioning system is set to a very high or low temperature it will require a lot of ener-gy, which is generated by the engine. Therefore the temperature setting in the vehicle should not vary too much from the outside temperature. lt may be a good idea to air the vehicle before setting off and then to travel a short distance with the win-dows open. The air conditioning system should then be switched on once the windows have been closed. Keep the windows closed when driving at high speeds. Having the windows open increases fuel consumption.
• Switch the seat heating off as soon as it has served its purpose.
• Switch the windscreen and rear window heating off as soon as the windows have defogged and are clear of ice.
• Do not leave the supplementary heating system on when the vehicle is moving 332.
Other factors that Increase fuel consumption (examples):
• Fault in engine management.
• Driving in hilly regions.
• Driving with a trailer. Starting the engine, changing gear and parking I 279

Saving fuel
1/100 km
-10°C
+20 oc
L----------------tkm 5 15 25 30
en-o11S
Fig. 226 Fuel consumption in litres per 100 km at two different outside temperatures.
r-1"'11 First read and observe the Introductory Information and safety warnings&. on page 278.
By adopting an economical driving style and antici-pating the traffic situation ahead, you can easily re-duce fuel consumption by 10-15%.
Cars use most fuel when accelerating. If you think ahead when driving, you will need to brake less and thus accelerate less. Wherever possible, let the car roll slowly to a stop, for instance when you can see that the next traffic lights are red.
Avoid short journeys
Directly after a cold start, the engine has a very high fuel consumption. The engine reaches its working temperature after a few kilometres, when fuel consumption will return to a normal level.
The engine and catalytic converter need to reach their proper working temperature in order to mini-mise fuel consumption and emissions. The out-side temperature is a key factor.
The different rates of fuel consumption for the same distance at both +20"C (+68"F) and at -10"C (+14"F) are shown in Fig. 226.
Therefore, avoid making too many short journeys and car share whenever possible.
Under the same conditions, the vehicle will use more fuel in winter than in summer.
280 I While dnvmg
Not only is it illegal in some countries to "warm up" the cold engine by running it while the vehicle is stationary, it is also technically unnecessary and a waste of fuel.
Adjust the tyre pressure
The correct tyre pressure reduces rolling resist-ance and therefore also fuel consumption.
Ensure that any new tyres purchased have opti-mum rolling resistance.
Use low viscosity engine oils
Fully synthetic low viscosity engine oils reduce fuel consumption. Low viscosity engine oils decrease frictional resistance in the engine and spread bet-ter and more quickly, especially for cold starts. They are especially effective In vehicles that make alotofshortjourneys.
Always ensure that the engine oil level is correct and that you keep to the service intervals (oil change intervals).
When buying engine oil, always make sure it com-plies with engine oil norms and has been approved by Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles.
Avoid unnecessary loads
Lighter vehicles are more economical and have lower environmental impact. An extra 100 kg, for example, can increase fuel consumption by up to 0.311100 km.
Remove all unnecessary objects and loads from the vehicle.
Remove any unnecessary special equipment and accessories
The more aerodynamic a vehicle, the lower its fuel consumption. Special equipment and accessories, such as roof carriers or bicycle carriers, make the vehicle less aerodynamic.
You should therefore remove any special equip-ment and luggage carriers that are not in use, es-pecially if you are going to be driving at high speeds.

A WARNING
The intelligent tyre monitoring system tech-nology cannot overcome the laws of physics, and functions only within the limits of the system. Incorrect handling of the wheels and tyres can lead to a sudden loss of pressure in the tyres, tread separation and even tyre blow-out.
• Check tyre pressures regularly and always maintain the specified tyre pressure value =>page 367. If the tyre pressure is too low, it is possible that the tyre temperature will in· crease to such an extent that the tread peels off and the tyre bursts.
• Always maintain correct cold tyre pres-sure as listed on the tyre pressure label =>page 367.
• Check tyre Inflation pressure regularly when the tyres are cold. Adjust tyre pressure in the cold tyre to the recommended tyre pressure for the tyres Installed on your vehi· cle as necessary.
• Check your tyres regularly for signs of wear or damage.
• Never exceed the top speed and load per-mitted for the fitted tyres.
CD
If valve caps are missing, the valve could be damaged. Always use valve caps that comply with the factory-fitted valve cap specifications. Always screw on valve caps fully. Do not use metal valve caps.
Indicator lamp
Under-inflated tyres will increase fuel con-W sumption and tyre wear. A higher tyre pres-sure generally reduces the fuel consumption. How-ever, the maximum tyre pressures specified by the manufacturer must always be adhered to.
m When new tyres are driven at high speeds for L!..J the first time, they can expand slightly and trigger a one-off pressure warning.
m Old tyres should only be replaced by tyres L!..J that have been approved by Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles for the vehicle type.
m Do not rely solely on the tyre monitoring sys-L!..J tern. Check your tyres regularly to ensure that they are properly inflated and have no signs of damage, such as punctures, cuts, cracks, and blis-ters. Remove any objects that become embedded in the tyre tread but have not penetrated into the body of the tyre itself.
m The tyre monitoring system is adjusted for L!..J the factory-recommended tyre pressures to be found on the tyre pressure label. ro First read and observe the introductory Information and safety warnings & on page 318.
Lit upa) Possible cause=>& Solution
Do not drive on! Reduce speed immedi· ately. Stop the vehicle as soon as possible
The tyre pressure of one tyre or several and when safe to do so. Do not undertake
tyres has decreased considerably in com-any extreme steering or braking manoeuvres!
(l) parison to the tyre pressure set by the Check all wheels and tyre pressures, and cor-rect if necessary =>page 367. The damaged driver, or the structure of the tyre is dam-tyre should be replaced. The tyre monitoring aged. system will have to be re-synchronised after changing the tyre pressure, or after changing one or more wheels =>page 321.
a) An acoustic warning will also be sounded, and a corresponding message may appear 1n the instrument cluster display.
Driver assist systems I 319

Capacities
r--('n First read and observe the introductory L-W.I information and safety warnings & on page 340.
Checks when filling the tank
r--r'n First read and observe the introductory L-W.I information and safety warnings & on page 340.
Checklist
Never carry out any work on the engine or in the engine compartment if you are not familiar with the necessary procedures and the general safety re-quirements or if the correct operating equipment, fluids and unsuitable tools are not available 350, Preparation for working in the engine compartment! The work should be carried out by a qualified workshop if you are uncertain. Please en-sure that the following are checked regular1y, pref-erably every time you fill the tank:
..( Windscreen washer fluid level 116
..( Engine oil level 353
Fuel
c:QJ Introduction
This chapter contains information on the following subjects:
Petrol
Diesel ...
344 345
Different engines require different fuels. The facto-ry-fitted sticker on the inside of the tank flap indi-cates the fuel type that is required for your particu-lar vehicle.
Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles recommends us-ing fuels with a low sulphur content or which are sulphur-free in order to reduce fuel consumption and prevent damage to the engine.
If the engine is not running smoothly or begins to judder, this can indicate poor or inadequate fuel quality, e.g. water in the fuel. If these symptoms appear, reduce the vehicle speed immediately and drive to the nearest qualified workshop at medium engine speeds, avoiding high engine loading. If these symptoms occur immediately after the vehi-
Fuel tank capacity
Approx. 80.0 I,
..( Engine coolant level 358
..( Brake fluid level 269
..( Tyre pressure 367
..( Vehicle lighting necessary for traffic safety:
-Turn signals
-Side lights, dipped beam headlights and main beam headlights
-Tail light cluster
-Brake lights
-Rear fog light 1 08
Information on changing bulbs 432.
cle has been refuelled, switch the engine off as soon as it is safe to do so and seek expert assis-tance. This can help to prevent further damage.
Additional information and warnings:
• Filling the tank 340
• Engine management system and exhaust puri-fication system 407
• Service schedule
A WARNING
Incorrect handling of fuel can cause explo-sions, fire, serious burns and other injuries.
• Fuel is highly explosive and inflammable.
• Never handle fuel near open flames, sparks or glowing matter (e.g. cigarettes).
• Keep naked flames, hot parts and sparks at a safe distance.
At the filling station 1343

A WARNING (Continued)
• Switch off your mobile telephone or two-way radio when dealing with fuel. Electro-magnetic radiation can generate sparks which can in turn start a fire.
• Avoid electrostatic discharge and electro-magnetic radiation in the direct vicinity of fuels.
• Never spill fuel in the vehicle or In the lug-gage compartment.
Petrol
1"'111 First read and observe the introductory L-lo::.l.l information and safety warnings & on page 343.
Petrol types
Vehicles with a petrol engine must be run on un-leaded petrol in compliance with the European standard EN 228 => Petrol types are categorised according to their oc-tane number, e.g. 91, 95, 98 or 99 RON (RON = research octane number). The vehicle may be fil. led with petrol that has a higher octane number than the engine requires. However, this does not provide any advantage in terms of fuel consump-tion or engine output. Where petrol complying with the EN 228 standard is not available, Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles dealerships and filling sta-tions will have information on which fuels do com-ply with the EN 228 standard.
Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles recommends petrol with a low sulphur content or sulphur-free petrol for use with this engine. This reduces petrol consumption.
Petrol additives
The quality of petrol influences the running proper-ties, performance and service life of the engine. This is why the vehicle should be refuelled with good quality petrol that has only non-metallic addi-tives pre-added by the petroleum industry. These petrol additives help to prevent corrosion. keep the fuel system clean, and prevent the build-up of de-posits in the engine.
If good quality petrol containing non-metallic addi-tives is not available, or if engine problems arise. the necessary petrol additives must be added to the petrol when refuelling => 344 Whila driving
A WARNING (Continued)
• Comply with any relevant safety Informa-tion and legislation concerning the handling of fuels. Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles recommends "genuine Volkswagen or Audi fuel additives for pet-rol engines". These additives and information on how to use them are available from your Volkswa-gen Commercial Vehicles dealership.
Not all petrol additives are effective. The use of un-suitable petrol additives can cause considerable damage to the engine and catalytic converter. Met-allic additives should be avoided at all times.
Petrol additives on sale that are intended to im-prove knock resistance or increase the octane number can also contain metallic additives => CD
• Before filling up with petrol, check whether the fuel corresponds to the vehicle's require-ments according to the fuel standard Informa-tion at the pump.
• Only use fuel that complies with the EN 228 standard and has the correct octane number. Otherwise, the engine and the fuel system can suffer considerable damage. The engine can al-so lose power or fall.
• The use of unsuitable petrol additives can cause considerable damage to the engine and catalytic converter.
• If, In an emergency, you have to use petrol with an octane number lower than the recom-mended number, drive at medium engine speeds and avoid high engine loading. Avoid high engine speeds and heavy engine loads. Failure to do so can result In engine damage. Fill the tank with petrol with the correct octane number as soon as possible. .,.

CD
• Your vehicle is not suitable for use with bio-diesel and must not be filled up or driven with biodiesel. Failure to observe this point can re-sult in damage to the fuel system and engine.
• Some diesel manufacturers blend biodiesel with diesel fuel in compliance with European Standard 590 or an equivalent standard (in Ger-many). Use of this diesel is allowed and will not damage the engine or fuel system.
• The diesel engine has been developed for use with diesel only. For this reason, petrol, heating oil or other unsuitable fuels may not be used. These fuels can cause serious damage to the fuel system and engine.
CD
• The service life of the diesel particulate filter can be reduced considerably if diesels with a high sulphur content are used. A Voikswagen Commercial Vehicles dealership will be able to tell you which countries have diesel with a high sulphur content. Emission control system for diesel vehicles (AdBiue®)
o:::n Introduction
This chapter contains information on the following subjects:
Warning and indicator lamps Refilling Ad Blue® ... 347
348
SCR catalysts can be used to reduce emissions from diesel engines (SCR = Selective Catalytic Re-duction). The SCR catalyst uses Ad Blue® urea sol-ution to convert nitrogen oxides into nitrogen and water.
If the vehicle is equipped with this kind of emission control system for diesel vehicles, the filler neck for the Ad Blue® tank is located below the filler cap for the fuel tank.
The Ad Blue® level should be checked within the scope of the service work Service schedule.
Information on AdBiue®
The Ad Blue® consumption figures depend on the individual driving style, the system's operating tem-perature and the ambient temperature that the ve-hicle is operated in.
The vehicle is fitted with a separate tank for Ad Bl-ue®. The Ad Blue® tank holds approximately 13 li-tres. For technical reasons, the capacity may be slightly larger when refilling using refill bottles.
The Ad Blue® tank must never run empty. As of a remaining distance of approximately 2,400 km. the instrument cluster display will indicate that the
346 While drivmg
Ad Blue® must be refilled 348. If the re-maining range is 0 km, the engine cannot be star-ted anymore 347.
The Ad Blue® trademark is held by the German As-sociation of the Automobile Industry (VDA) in the USA, Germany, the European Union and other countries.
Additional information and warnings:
• Fuel 343
• Accessories, modifications, repairs and renewal of parts 394
A WARNING
If the AdBiue® level is too low, the vehicle cannot be restarted after the Ignition has been switched off. Starting with jump leads is also not possible.
• Refill AdBiue® at the latest when the re-maining distance reaches approximately 1,000 km.
• Never allow the Ad Blue® tank to run emp-ty.
A WARNING
Ad Blue® is an Irritant and corrosive fluid that can damage the skin, eyes and breathing passages upon contact.

A WARNING (Continued)
• If engine oil is spilt on cold engine parts it can heat up and Ignite when the engine Is running.
• Always ensure that the engine oil filler cap Is securely tightened after refilling, and that the dipstick Is properly Inserted back Into the guide tube. This will prevent the engine oil from draining out on to hot engine compo-nents when the engine Is running.
CD
• Do not start the engine if the engine oil level Is above area@. Seek expert assistance. The catalytic converter and the engine could other-wise be damaged.
• When refilling or changing service fluids, please ensure that the correct fluids are added through the correct openings. Incorrect service fluids can cause serious functional problems and engine damage.
Engine oil consumption
n"'n First read and observe the introductory l.-J,:.ll information and safety warnings & on page 353.
Engine oil consumption can vary from engine to engine and can change during the working life of an engine.
The vehicle may consume up to 1.0 litre of engine oil per 2,000 km, depending on how you drive and the conditions in which the car is used. In new ve-
Changing engine oil
n"'n First read and observe the Introductory l.-J,:.ll Information and safety warnings & on page 353.
The engine oil must be changed regularly in ac-cordance with the data given in the service sched-ule.
The engine oil and filter change should be carried out by a qualified workshop due to the special tools and knowledge required, this also applies to the disposal of used oil. Volkswagen Commercial Vehi-cles recommends using a Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles dealership for this purpose.
The engine oil level must never be above I!!S area @. Otherwise oil can be drawn in through the crankcase breather and escape into the atmosphere via the exhaust system. <1
hicles. consumption is likely to be higher for the first 5,000 km. The engine oil level must therefore be checked at regular intervals, preferably when refuelling and before long journeys.
When the engine is working hard the oil level must be kept within area =>Fig. 274 @,for instance dur-ing long motorway cruising in summer, trailer tow-ing or climbing mountain passes. <1
More details on the service intervals can be found in the service schedule.
Additives in the engine oil can cause new engine oil to discolour quickly. This is normal and does not mean that the engine oil should be changed more frequently.
A WARNING
If, In exceptional cases, you have to carry out an oil change yourself, please note the fol-lowing:
• Always wear eye protection. .,.
In the engine compartment 357