The essentials
Multifunction display (MFI) The multifunction display (MFI) has two auto-
matic
memorie
s: 1 - Partial memory and 2 -
Total memory . The selected memory will be
shown in the lower right-hand corner of the
display.
With the ignition switched on, and memory 1 or
2 displayed, briefly press OK to change from
one memory to another.
1
Trip memo-
ry (for a
single jour-
ney).
The memory stores the values for the
journey and the consumption from
the moment the ignition is switched
on until it is switched off again.
If the journey is broken for more than
2 hours, the memory is automatically
erased. If the journey is continued in
less than 2 hours after the ignition is
switched off, the new data is added to
the data already stored in the memo-
ry.
2Total mem-
ory (for all
journeys).
The memory stores the values of any
number of journeys, until it counts a
total of 19 hours and 59 minutes of
driving, or 1999.9 km or miles of driv-
ing, depending on the type of instru-
ment panel fitted. On reaching either
of these limits, the memory is auto-
matically erased and starts to count
from 0 again. Possible displays
MenuFunction
TimeCurrent time in hours (h) and minutes
(min).
Journey du-
rationThis indicates the hours (h) and mi-
nutes (min) since the ignition was
switched on.
Current
fuel con-
sumptionThe current fuel consumption display
operates throughout the journey, in
l/100 km; with the engine running
and the vehicle stopped, in l/hour.
Average
fuel con-
sumptionAfter turning on the ignition, average
fuel consumption in litres/100 km will
be displayed after travelling about
100 metres. Otherwise horizontal
lines are displayed. The value shown
is updated approximately every 5 sec-
onds.
Operating rangeApproximate distance in km that can
still be travelled with the fuel remain-
ing in the tank, assuming the same
style of driving is maintained. This is
calculated using the current fuel con-
sumption.
Distance coveredDistance travelled, after ignition is
switched on, in km.
Average
speedThe average speed will be shown after
a distance of about 100 metres has
been travelled. Otherwise horizontal
lines are displayed. The value shown
is updated approximately every 5 sec-
onds.
MenuFunction
Digital
display of
speedCurrent speed displayed digitally.
Liquid coolant
temperature
digital
displayDigital display of the current tempera-
ture of the engine liquid coolant.
Warning at
--- km/hIf the stored speed is exceeded (be-
tween 30 - 250 km/h, or 18 -
155 mph), an audible warning is giv-
en together with a visual warning. Changing between display modes
● Press the rocker switch in the windscreen
w iper l
ev
er.
Storing a speed for the speed warning
● Select the display Speed warning at
--- km/h .
● Pre
ss OK on the windscreen wiper lever to
s t
or
e the current speed and switch off the
warning.
● In addition, set the required speed by
pres
sing the rocker switch on the windscreen
wiper lever or or
buttons on the multi-
f u
nction s
teering wheel for 5 seconds. Next,
press OK again or wait a few seconds. The
s peed i
s
stored and the warning activated.
● To switch off , pres
s OK . The stored speed is
del et
ed. 24
The essentialsSymbolMeaning
››› See
lights up or flashes:
Do not
continue driving!
Fault in the steering.››› page
128
On the instrument panel: driver
or passenger has not fastened
seat belt.
›››
page
51
Instrument panel display: a pas-
senger in the rear seats has fas-
tened their seat belt.
A passenger in the rear seats
has not fastened their seat belt.›››
page
51
Faulty generator.›››
page
193
Vehicles with the Start-Stop sys-
tem: it is necessary to start the
engine manually.››› page
156
flashes in addition to the rest of
the segments of the fuel gauge:
Fuel tank almost empty.›››
page
180
SymbolMeaning ››› See
flashes quickly:
the City Safety
Assist system function* brakes
automatically or has braked au-
tomatically. Or:
flashes slowly: City Safety Assist
function is not currently availa-
ble.
››› page
152
The City Safety Assist* function
has been connected manually. It
switches off after 5 seconds.
flashes: The City Safety Assist*
function has been manually dis-
connected.
after the ignition is switched on:
indication that the end of the
period for an inspection to be
performed is approaching.››› page
86
it lights up:
ESC* faulty or
switched off by the system. AL-
TERNATIVELY:
flashes: ESC* or ASR regulating.
››› page
132 it lights up:
Traction Control*
faulty or switched off by the sys-
tem. ALTERNATIVELY:
flashes: Traction Control* regu-
lator operating.
ABS faulty or does not work.
Rear fog light switched on.›››
page
101
SymbolMeaning ››› See
lights up or flashes:
fault in cat-
alytic converter.››› page
145
Fault in engine management.
lights up or flashes:
fault in the
steering system.››› page
128
Fuel tank almost empty.›››
page
180
Fault in airbag system and seat
belt tensioners.›››
page
58
it lights up:
the Start-Stop sys-
tem is enabled. ALTERNATIVELY:
flashes: the Start-Stop system is
not available.
››› page
156
The Start-Stop system is ena-
bled but the engine cannot be
automatically stopped.
Tyre pressure* too low›››
page
203
Left or right turn signal.›››
page
101
Hazard warning lights on.››› page
69
Cruise control operating.›››
page
151
Main beam on or flasher on.›››
page
101
The natural gas engine coolant
temperature is too low.
26
Air conditioning
● Set the f
an t
o the required setting.
● Turn the temperature control to the centre
position.
● Open and dir
ect the air outlets in the dash
panel ›
›› page 127.
● Turn the air distribution control to the de-
fros
t position.
● Press the A/C button to switch it on. The in-
dic at
or on the b
utton will light up.
The air conditioning system does not switch
on
If the air conditioning system cannot be
switched on, this may be caused by the fol-
lowing: ●
The engine is
not running.
● The fan is switched off.
● The air conditioner fuse has blown.
● The outside temperature is lower than ap-
prox
imately +2 °C (+36 °F).
● The air conditioner compressor has been
temporari
ly switched off because the engine
coolant temperature is too high.
● Another fault in the vehicle. Have the air
conditioner chec
ked by a specialised work-
shop. Special features
If the humidity and t
emperature outside the
vehicle are high, condensation can drip off
the evaporator in the cooling system and
form a pool underneath the vehicle. This is
normal and does not indicate a leak! Note
After starting it, any residual humidity in the
air conditioner c ou
ld mist over the wind-
screen. Switch on the defrost function as
soon as possible to clear the windscreen of
condensation. Air outlets
Fig. 141
Dash panel: Air vents » 127
Technical data
Advice
Operation
Emergencies
Safety
Checking and refilling levels
WARNING
The engine compartment is a dangerous area
cap ab
le of causing serious injury.
● For all type of work, always take the utmost
precaution
s, work carefully and note the gen-
eral safety standards in force. Never take per-
sonal risks.
● Never work on the engine or in the engine
compar
tment if you are not familiar with the
necessary operations. If you are not sure
about procedures then visit a specialised
workshop to carry out the necessary work.
Working incorrectly can cause serious inju-
ries.
● Never open the bonnet if you see steam or
cool
ant escaping from the engine compart-
ment. This may cause serious burns. Always
wait until you cannot see or hear the sound of
steam or coolant coming from the engine
compartment.
● Always allow the engine to cool down be-
fore openin
g the bonnet.
● Contact with hot elements of the engine
and the exhau
st system can cause burns.
● Once the engine has cooled, follow the in-
structions
below before opening the bonnet:
– Engage the handbrake and place the gear
selector lever in N or the gear stick in
neutral.
– Remove the key from the ignition.
– Keep children away from the engine com-
partment and never leave them unsuper-
vised. ●
When the engine i s
warm or hot, the cool-
ing system is pressurised. Do not unscrew
the cap on the expansion tank when the en-
gine is hot. Otherwise, coolant may spray out
under pressure causing burns and serious in-
jury.
–After cooling, carefully and slowly un-
screw the cap anticlockwise, gently
pressing down on it.
– Always protect your face, hands and arms
from hot coolant and steam using a large,
thick cloth.
● When refilling liquids, avoid spilling them
on part
s of the engine and the exhaust sys-
tem. Spilled liquids could cause a fire. WARNING
The high voltages of the electrical system can
give el ectric
shocks as well as causing burns
and serious injury and possibly even death!
● Never cause short circuits in the electrical
syst
em. The battery could explode.
● To minimise the risk of electric shock and
serious c
onsequences while the engine is
running or starting the engine, note the fol-
lowing:
– Never touch the electrical wiring of the
ignition system. WARNING
In the engine compartment, there are rotat-
ing p ar
ts that could cause serious injury. ●
Never p l
ace your hands directly on or near
the radiator fan. Touching the rotor blades
could seriously harm you. The ventilator
works according to the engine temperature
and could start suddenly even when the igni-
tion is turned off and the key is removed.
● If any work has to be performed when the
engine is
started or with the engine running,
there is an additional, potentially fatal, safety
risk from rotating parts, such as the drive
belts, alternator, radiator fan, etc., as well as
from the high-voltage ignition system. Al-
ways work with the utmost caution.
– Always make sure that no parts of your
body, jewellery, ties, loose clothing and
long hair can be trapped by the rotating
parts of the engine. Before any work, re-
move ties and jewellery (necklaces, etc),
tie long hair back and tie all items of
loose clothing to your body to make sure
that they cannot be trapped by engine
components.
– Take extreme caution when operating the
accelerator and remain attentive. The ve-
hicle could move, even if the handbrake
is applied.
● Always make sure you have not left any ob-
jects, s
uch as cleaning cloths and tools, in
the engine compartment. If any object is left
in the engine compartment, this could cause
malfunctions, engine faults and even a fire. » 185
Technical data
Advice
Operation
Emergencies
Safety
Checking and refilling levels
WARNING
Only change the engine oil yourself if you
hav e the s
pecialist knowledge required!
● Before opening the bonnet, read and ob-
serve the w
arnings ››› page 184.
● Wait for the engine to cool down. Hot oil
may
cause burn injuries.
● Wear eye protection to avoid injuries, such
as ac
id burns, caused by splashes of oil.
● When removing the oil drain plug with your
finger
s, keep your arm horizontal to help pre-
vent oil from running down your arm.
● Wash your skin thoroughly if it comes into
contact
with engine oil.
● Engine oil is poisonous! Used oil must be
stor
ed in a safe place out of the reach of chil-
dren. CAUTION
No additives should be used with engine oil.
This c
ould result in engine damage. Any dam-
age caused by the use of such additives
would not be covered by the factory warranty. For the sake of the environment
Before changing the engine oil, find a suita-
bl e loc
ation or service for proper disposal. For the sake of the environment
Always dispose of engine oil with the utmost
re s
pect for the environment. Never dispose of used engine oil in places such as a garden,
wood
s, dr
ains, roads, paths, rivers and drain-
age systems. Engine coolant
Introduction WARNING
Engine coolant is toxic!
● Only keep engine coolant in its original
c ont ainer
, tightly shut and in a safe place.
● Never store engine coolant in empty food
container
s or bottles as other people may ac-
cidentally drink it.
● Always keep engine coolant out of reach of
chil
dren.
● Ensure that the proportion of engine cool-
ant ad
ditive corresponds to the lowest out-
side temperature to which the vehicle will be
exposed.
● If the outside temperature is extremely low,
the engine coo
lant could freeze causing the
vehicle to stop. As this would also cause the
heating to stop working, vehicle occupants
without warm clothing could freeze. For the sake of the environment
Coolants and additives can contaminate the
env ir
onment. If any fluids are spilled, they should be collected and correctly disposed
of, w
ith r
espect to the environment. Coolant warning lamp
Several warning and indication lamps light
up for a f
ew sec
onds when the ignition is
switched on, signalling that the function is
being verified. They will switch off after a few
seconds.
It lights up
Excessive engine
coolant tempera-
ture.
Stop the vehicle!
Stop the vehicle safely as soon as
possible. Switch off the engine and
let it cool.
Insufficient en-
gine coolant lev-
el. Stop the vehicle!
Check the engine coolant when the
engine has cooled and, if it is low,
refill with engine coolant
››› page 190.
Engine coolant
system faulty. Do not drive any further.
Obtain professional assistance.
Flashes
Engine coolant
system faulty.Seek specialist assistance.
WARNING
Observe the safety warnings ›››
in On the
ins trument
panel on page 27. » 189
Technical data
Advice
Operation
Emergencies
Safety
Advice
Note
On the display of the Portable Navigation
Sy s
tem (supplied by SEAT) ››› page 164 an en-
gine coolant temperature gauge can be seen. Checking the coolant level and top-
ping up
Fig. 169
In the engine compartment: Marking
on c oo
l
ant expansion tank Fig. 170
In the engine compartment: Coolant
exp an
sion tank cap Read the additional information carefully
› ›
›
page 31
If the coolant level is low, the coolant warn-
ing indicator will light.
Preparations
● Park the vehicle on even, flat and firm
ground.
● A
llow the engine to cool ›››
.
● Open the bonnet › ›
›
page 184.
● The coolant expansion tank is easily recog-
nisab
le because of the symbol on the cap
››› Fig. 170.
Checking the engine coolant level ● When the engine is cold, check the coolant
level
using the side marking on the expan-
sion tank ››› Fig. 169. ●
If the lev
el is below the “MIN” mark, top up
with coolant. When the engine is hot it may
be slightly above the marked area.
Topping up the engine coolant level
● Always protect your face, hands and arms
from hot c
oolant and steam using a large,
thick cloth over the coolant expansion tank
cap.
● Remove the cap very carefully ›››
.
● Only refill using new engine c
oo
lant ac-
cording to SEAT specifications
( ›››
page 31)
››› .
● The engine coolant level should be be-
tw een the m
ark
s on the coolant expansion
tank ››› Fig. 169. Do not exceed the top level
of the marked area ››› .
● Screw on the cap tightly.
● If, in the event of an emergency, you have
no c oo
l
ant that is compliant to the required
specifications ( ›››
page 31), do not use
another type of additive. Instead, top up with
distilled water only ››› . Then re-establish
the c orr
ect
proportion of the mixture with the
correct additive as soon as possible
››› page 31. WARNING
Hot vapours and coolant can cause serious
burn s.190
Checking and refilling levels
●
Never open the c oo
lant expansion tank if
steam or coolant is coming from the engine
compartment. Wait until you cannot see or
hear any steam or coolant escaping.
● Always wait until the engine has complete-
ly coo
led before very carefully opening the
expansion tank cap. Contact with hot ele-
ments of the engine can cause skin burns.
● When the engine is warm or hot, the cool-
ing sys
tem is pressurised. Do not unscrew
the cap on the expansion tank when the en-
gine is hot. Otherwise, coolant may spray out
under pressure causing burns and serious in-
jury.
– Carefully and slowly unscrew the cap an-
ti-clockwise, gently pressing down on it.
– Always protect your face, hands and arms
from hot coolant and steam using a large,
thick cloth.
● When refilling liquids, avoid spilling them
on part
s of the engine and the exhaust sys-
tem. Spilled liquids could cause a fire. Under
specific circumstances, the ethylene glycol
can catch fire. WARNING
If there is not enough anti-freeze in the cool-
ant sy s
tem, the engine may fail leading to se-
rious damage.
● Please make sure that the percentage of
additiv
e is correct with respect to the lowest
expected ambient temperature in the zone in
which the vehicle is to be used. ●
When the outs ide t
emperature is very low,
the coolant could freeze and the vehicle
would be immobilised. In this case, the heat-
ing would not work either and inadequately
dressed passengers could die of cold. CAUTION
● If ther e i
s no appropriate coolant liquid
available, fill it using distilled water, and
nothing else. Any other type of water may
lead to considerable rusting in the engine
due to its chemical components. This could
consequently damage the engine. If you have
not used distilled water but another type of
water to top up the coolant, a specialised
workshop must immediately replace all of the
fluid in the engine cooling system.
● Only top up coolant to the top level of the
marked ar
ea ››› Fig. 169. Otherwise the ex-
cess coolant will be forced out of the cooling
system when the engine is hot, causing dam-
age.
● If a lot of liquid coolant has been lost, wait
for the engine t
o cool down completely before
adding coolant. Extensive coolant loss is an
indication of leaks in the engine cooling sys-
tem. Have the engine cooling system inspec-
ted immediately by a specialised workshop.
Otherwise engine damage may occur.
● When refilling service liquids, ensure that
you put
the liquids into the right tank. Mak-
ing a mistake when refilling could cause seri-
ous malfunctions and damage the engine! CAUTION
The original additives should never be mixed
with c oo
lants which are not approved by
SEAT. Otherwise, you run the risk of causing
severe damage to the engine and the engine
cooling system.
● If the fluid in the expansion tank is not pur-
ple b
ut is, for example, brown, this indicates
that the G13 additive has been mixed with an
inadequate coolant. The coolant must be
changed as soon as possible if this is the
case! This could result in serious faults and
engine damage. Brake fluid
Chec k
in
g the brake fluid level Read the additional information carefully
› ›
›
page 32
In the course of time, the brake fluid absorbs
water from the ambient air. If there is too
much water in the brake fluid, the brake sys-
tem could be damaged. In addition, the boil-
ing point of the brake fluid is significantly
lowered. When the brake fluid contains too
much water and the brakes are subject to
considerable forces, bubbles of water vapour
can form in the system. These bubbles can
significantly reduce braking power, notably
increasing braking distance, and could even
result in the total failure of the brake system. »
191
Technical data
Advice
Operation
Emergencies
Safety
Index
vehicle tool kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
w arnin
g tri
angle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Emergency closing or opening driver door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
passenger door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Emergency locking and unlocking . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Emergency unlocking boot hatch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Emission control system control and warning lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Emissions data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Engine assisted starting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
noises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Running in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Start-Stop system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Engine and ignition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 12 Volt sockets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
ignition lock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Immobiliser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
starting the engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
stopping the engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
unauthorised vehicle key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Engine compartment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 184 battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32, 193
brake fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32, 191
coolant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31, 189
engine oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30, 188
windscreen washer reservoir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Windscreen washer reservoir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Engine coolant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 checking the level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
G12 plus-plus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
G13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
temperature display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Engine data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 Engine management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
contro l lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Engine oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30, 186 changing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
checking oil level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187, 188
dipstick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
oil properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
topping up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
warning and indication lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Environment Environmental compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Environmental ecological driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Environmental tips refuelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
ESC electronic stability control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Event Data Recorder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Exhaust gas purification system . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Exterior mirrors adjusting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
vehicle care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Exterior rear view mirrors control of the function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
electric exterior mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
exterior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Exterior view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5, 6
F Fabrics: cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Fastening rings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Fault parking distance warning system . . . . . . . . . . 150 Fault memory
connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Filling the tank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180, 183
Fire extinguisher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
First-aid kit storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Floor mats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Fog light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Front airbags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14, 61
Front passenger front airbag control lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
disabling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
disconnection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Front seat manual adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
manually adjusting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Front wiper blades change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30, 178 consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
natural gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
petrol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
savings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
type of fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Fuel gauge control lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
petrol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Fuel tank cap opening and closing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Fuel tank flap opening and closing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Fuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33, 77 fuse box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
identifying blown fuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Identifying by colours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
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