4 Table of contents
Do-it-yourself ser vice . . . . . . . . .
269
What do I do now? . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
Trunk escape hand le . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
Emergency warning triangle . . . . . . . . 269
Vehicle too l kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
Changing a wheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
Fuses and bulbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
Fuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
Bulbs .. .. .. ... .... .... .. .. .. .. .. 282
Emergency situations . . . . . . . . . 283
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
Start ing by push ing or tow ing . . . . . . . 283
Starting with jumpe r cables . . . . . . . . 283
Use of jumper cab les . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
E mergency towing with comme rcial
tow truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
Lifting vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
Technical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
Technical Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
Vehicle identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
Weights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
D imensions. ............. .. .. .. .. 290
Capacities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
Gasoline engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
Di esel eng ine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 1
Consumer Information . . . . . . . 292
Warranty coverages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
Operating your vehicle outside the U.S.A . o r Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 2
Audi Service Repair M anuals and
Li terature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
M aintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
Additional accessories, modifications
and parts replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
Declaration of Compliance,
Telecommunication or Electronic
Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
Inde x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
234 Check ing and filling
(D Windshield/headlight washer
t . (
PP. ) con ainer ""' .......... ... . 247
@ Jump start point( -) with hex
head screw ............. ... . 245 , 283
@ Jump start point( +) under a cov-
er . ..... .............. ... . 245, 283
© Eng ine oil filler cap(~) . . . . . 237
® Brake fluid reservo ir ((0)) . . . . . 242
® Coolant expansion tank (-L) . . . 240
0 Power steering reservoir . . . . . . 203
@ Oil dipstick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
The engine oil filler neck (item@) may be lo
cated in
a different area depend ing on the ver
sion of the engine .
& WARNING
Before you check anything in the engine
compartment, always read and heed all
WARNINGS¢ .&.
in Working in the engine
compartment on page 231.
Engine oil
Engine oil specifications
The engine oil used in your Audi needs the
right kind of oil.
-
The engine in your Audi is a sophisticated
powerp lant that was built to exacting specifi
cations . This engine needs the r ight kind of
engine o il that meets spec ificat ions regarding
qua lity and viscos ity so that it can run
smoothly and reliably . Choos ing the righ t oi l
and changing oil within the time and mileage interva ls printed in your vehicle 's Warranty
&
Maintenance book let matters a lot more to
day than it did years ago. Audi has developed
a special quality standard for engine oil that
will help assure that your veh icle's eng ine will
get the lubrication it needs for proper opera
tion.
Modern engine lubrication has taken a quan
tum leap in the last few years. Many synthetic
oils ava ilable today provide better engine lu
brication that can outlast trad itional petrole -u
m -based oils, making them a smart choice
for use throughout the life of your Audi.
Whether you use synthet ic o r petro le um
based eng ine oil, the oi l that you use m ust
conform to Audi's oi l quality standard
VW 502 00 (vehicles with gasoline engine) or
VW 507 00 (vehicles with d iese l eng ine) to
help keep your veh icle's engine running
smoothly and help prevent the format ion of
harmful deposits, sometimes called "s ludge,"
that over time can lead to expens ive repairs.
At the time of printing, engine oils ava ilab le in
the U.S. and Canada that meet the exacting
specifications of Audi oil standard VW 502 00 (ve hicles w ith gasoline eng ine) o r VW 507 00
(veh icles w ith diese l eng ine) are synthet ic en
gine o ils . This does no t mean, howeve r, that
every synt hetic eng ine oil will meet A udi oi l
standard VW 502 00 (veh icles with gasoline
engine) or VW 507 00 (vehicles with diesel
engine). So a lways be sure that you use an ap
proved o il.
T o he lp preven t the formation of harmfu l de
posits use on ly oil with the following specifi
cations printed on the o il container:
- Audi oil standard VW 502 00 (g aso line en
gine )
- Audi oil standard VW 507 00 (die sel en-
gine )
Oil container labels may car ry the spec ifica
t ion sing ly or in combination with othe r desig
na tions and oil quality standa rds.
Viscosit y
Engine oi ls are graded according to their vis
cosity . The proper viscos ity grade oil for your
engine depends on climactic or seasona l con
ditions where you drive . You can use o il with a
viscosity grade of SA E 5W40 across all tem
perature ranges for normal dr iv ing cond itions .
However, if engine oil viscosity grade SAE
5W40 is not ava ilable, you can also use v iscos
i ty grade SAE 5W-30 or SAE OW-40 as long as
it meets Audi oil quality standard VW 502 00
(ve hicl es w ith gasoline eng ine) o r VW 50 7 00
(ve hicles w ith diese l engine) specifica tions. .,.
_& WARNING
California Proposition 65 Warning:
- Battery posts, terminals and related ac cessories contain lead and lead com
pounds, chemicals known to the State of
Californ ia to cause cancer and reproduc
t ive p roblems. Wa sh hands afte r han
dling.
(D Note
- Do not d isconnect the ve hicle battery
when the ignition is on or when the en
gine is running, otherwise, you will dam
age electron ic components in the elect ri
cal system .
- If yo ur vehicl e is going to stand for a
l ong pe riod of time wi thout bei ng d riven,
protect the battery from "free zing", oth
e rwise it wil l be damaged and w ill then
have to be replaced.
Battery charging
Starting the engine requires a well charged
battery.
F ig. 206 Eng ine co mpartment : c o nnecto rs fo r a charg
er and ju mp sta rt cab les
Alway s read and heed all WARNINGS be low
¢ &. and
¢&. in Working on the ba ttery on
page 24 4.
• Switch off th e ignit ion and a ll electrica l con
s u mers.
• M ake sure the are a is well vent ilated when
yo u charge the bat tery.
• Open the engi ne hood
¢ page 231.
• Remove the cover@ by press ing o n the ar
row
¢ fig . 206.
Checkin g and fillin g 245
• Open the cover @on the pos itive termina l.
• Connect the charge r co nnectors accord ing to
the instruct ions to the
jump sta rt bolts.
(Bo lts under the red cover = "posit ive", Bo lts
w ith hex head= "negative") .
• On ly now plug the mains lead for the charg
ing equ ipment into the wall outlet and tu rn
iton ¢_& .
• Make sure the charging rate is not over
30 amps /14.8 Volt .
• W hen the bat tery is fully c harged: T urn the
charg ing equipment off and remove the
mains lead from the wa ll out let.
• Now remove the clamps for the charging
equ ipment .
• Close the red cover on the positive pole.
• Close the hood ¢
page 232.
A discharged battery can freeze at tempera
tures of only 32 F
0 (0 °C). Allow a frozen bat
tery to thaw completely before attempting to
charge it ¢ ,&. . However, we recommend not
u s ing a thawed batte ry aga in because th e ba t
te ry casing can be c racked due to i ce fo rma
t ion an d can leak ba ttery a cid.
Battery charging (Maximum charging rate
of 30 amps/14.8 Volt )
When charg ing at low vo ltages (e.g. wi th a
trickl e charger ), the ba tte ry cables do no t
have to be dis conne cte d firs t. T he bat tery
caps should
not be opened when charg ing a
batte ry .
I t i s no t ne cessa ry to remove the battery from
t he luggage compartmen t, a nd it is a lso not
necessary to d iscon nect the cab les.
Fast charging the battery (charging rate
above 14 .8 Volts)
Fo r tec hni ca l re asons do not use a battery
c h arger that uses voltage g reater than 14.8
Volts to charge yo ur vehicle's battery.
A WARNING
Charging a battery can be dangero us.
-Always follow the operating instructions
provided by the battery charger manu
facturer when charging your battery.
Emergency situations
General
This chapter i s intended for trained emer
gency crews and working personnel who have the necessary tools and equipment to
perform these operations.
Starting by pushing or
towing
(D Note
Ve hicles w ith an au tomatic tra nsmission
cannot be started by pus hing o r tow ing.
Starting with jumper
cables
If necessary, the engine can be started by
connecting it to the battery of another vehi
cle.
If the engine shou ld fail to start because of a
discha rged o r wea k battery, the battery can be
connected to the battery o f
another vehicle,
using a
pair of jumper cables to start the en
g ine.
Jumper cables
Use only jumper cables of sufficiently la rge
c ross section to carry the starter c urrent safe
l y. Refer to the man ufacturer's specifications.
Use only jumper cables with
insulated te rm i
na l clamps wh ic h are d istinctly marked:
plus(+) cable i n mos t cases co lore d red
minu s(-) cable
in most cases colored black .
A WARNING
Batterie s contain e lec tricity, ac id, an d gas.
A ny of these can cause ve ry ser io us or fatal
inju ry. Follow the instructions below f or
safe han dling of your veh icle's b attery .
- Alway s shield you r eyes and avoid lean
ing over the bat te ry whenever possib le.
- A dis ch arged battery c an free ze at tem
peratures ju st be low 32 °F ( 0 °C ). Befo re
Emergency situations 283
connecting a jumpe r cab le, you must
thaw the frozen battery c omp lete ly, ot h
erwise it could explode.
- Do not allow battery acid to contact eyes
or skin. Fl ush any contacted area with
wate r immediately.
- Improper use of a booster battery to start a vehicle may cause an explosion.
- Vehicle batter ies genera te exp losive gas
es. Keep spar ks, flame and lighted c iga
rettes away from batte ries.
- Do not try to jump start any ve hicle w ith
a low ac id leve l in the battery.
- The vo ltage of the booste r batte ry m ust
a lso have a 12-Vol t rating. T he capacity
(Ah) of the booster battery sho uld not be
lowe r tha n that of the discharged bat
tery . Use of batte rie s of d iffe ren t voltage
or substantially diffe rent "Ah" rat ing
may c au se an exp losion and persona l in
JU ry.
- N ever cha rge a fro zen battery. Gas trap
pe d in the ice may cause a n ex plosion.
- Never cha rge or use a batte ry tha t h as
been fr ozen. T he battery case may have
be weakened.
- Us e of b atter ies of differe nt voltage or
sub stant ia lly diffe ren t ca pa city (Ah) ra t
i ng may c ause an ex plosion an d injury .
Th e capac ity (Ah) of the booster bat tery
should not be lower than that of the dis
charged batte ry .
- Before you chec k any thing in the engine
compa rtment, always read and hee d all
WARNINGS
¢page 231.
(D Note
-App lyin g a higher vo ltage booster ba t
t ery w ill cause expens ive damage to se n
sit ive e lectronic com ponents, such as
cont ro l units, relays, rad io, etc.
- The re must be no electrical contact be
tween the vehicles as ot herwise c urrent
co uld a lready start to f low as soon as the
p o sit ive(+) term inals a re connected. ..,. •
•
284 Emergency situations
@ Tips
-The discharged battery must be properly
connected to the vehicle's electrical sys
tem. When jump starting or charging the
battery, never connect the negative
ground cable to the battery negative
post because the battery manager sys
tem must be able to detect the battery's
state of charge . Always connect the neg
ative ground cable to the negative
ground post of the battery manager con
trol unit.
Use of jumper cables
Make sure to connect the jumper coble
clomps in exactly the order described below!
Fig . 233 Engine co mpartment: connecto rs fo r jump
star t cab les and c harg er
Fig. 234 Ju m p sta rt in g w it h the ba ttery of anot her ve
h icle :@ - booster battery, @-discharge d ve hicle bat
tery
The procedure described below for connecting
jumper cables is intended to provide a jump
start for your vehicle.
Vehicle with discharged battery:
•Turnoff lights and accessories, move lever
of automatic transmission to N (Neutral) or
P (Park) and set parking brake.
Connect POSITIVE(+) to POSITIVE(+)
(red)
• Open the red cover on the pos itive terminal
¢ fig. 233 .
1. Connect one end of the red positive cable
on the
jump start bolt c::;, fig. 234 @ (bolt
under the red cover = "positive ") of the ve
hicle to be started @.
2. Connect the other end to the positive ter-
mina l@ of the booster battery@.
Connect NEGATIVE (-) to NEGATIVE (-)
(black)
3. Connect one end of the black negative ca
ble to the negat ive terminal @ of the
booster battery @.
4. Connect the other end to the
jump start
pin © (bolts with hex head bolt= "nega
tive") of the vehicle to be started @.
Starting the engine
• Start the engine of the veh icle w ith the
booster battery@. Run the engine at a
moderate speed.
• Start engine with discharged vehicle battery
@ in the usual manner.
• If the engine fails to start, do not keep the
starter cranking for longer than 10 seconds.
Wait for about 30 second s and then try
aga in.
• With engine running, remove jumper cables
from both vehicles in the exact
reverse o r
de r.
• Close the red cover on the positive term inal.
T he battery is vented to the outside to prevent
gases from entering the veh icle inter ior. Make
sure that the jumper clamps are well connect
ed with their metal parts in full contact with
the battery terminals.
_& WARNING
To avoid serious personal injury and dam
age to the vehicle, heed all warnings and
instructions of the jumper cable manufac
turer. If in doubt, call for road service.
- Jumper cables must be long enough so
that the veh icles do not touch.
-
-When connecting jumper cables, make
sure that they cannot get caught in any
moving parts in the eng ine compart
ment .
- Before you check anything in the engine
compartment, always read and heed all
WARNINGS
¢ page 231.
(D Note
Improper hook-up of jumper cables can r u
in the generator.
- Always connect POSITIVE( +) to POSI
TIVE(+), and NEGATIVE(-) to NEGATIVE
( - ) gro und post of the battery manager
control unit .
- Check that all screw plugs on the battery
cells a re screwed in firmly . If not, tighten
pl ugs p rior to connecting clamp on nega
tive battery term inal.
- Please note that the procedure f or con
nect ing a jump er cable as desc ribed
above appl ies spec ifically to the case of
you r vehi cle be ing jump started. When
you are giv ing a jump star t to an othe r ve
hi cle, do
not connec t the negat ive (-) ca
ble to the negat ive (-) terminal on the
discharged battery @¢
fig. 234. In
stead, securely connect the negative( -)
cable to e ithe r a solid metal component
that is firmly bolted to the engine block
or to the e ng ine block itse lf. If the bat
te ry tha t is being charged does not vent
to the outside, escaping batte ry gas
could igni te and exp lode!
Emergency towing
with commercial tow truck
General hints
Your Audi requires special handling for tow
tng.
The follow ing information is to be used by
commercia l tow tr uck operators who know
h ow to ope rate thei r equipme nt safe ly.
Emergenc y situ ation s 285
-Ne ver tow your Audi. Towing will cause
damage to the engine and tran smission.
- Never wrap the safety chain s or w inch ca
ble s around the brake lines.
- To prevent unnece ssary damage , your Audi
must be transported with a flat bed tru ck.
- To load the vehicle on to the fl at bed , use
the towing loop found in the vehicle tools
a nd attach to the front or rear anchora ge
¢ page 285 and ¢ page 286 .
_& WARNING
A vehicle being towed is not safe for pas
sengers. Never allow anyo ne to ride in a
vehicle be ing towed, for any reason.
Front towing loop
Only install the front towing loop when it is
needed.
Fig. 23 5 Front bu mpe r: cove r
Fig. 236 Fr ont bu mpe r: sc rew ing in t he tow ing loop
-
The towing loop f its into the threaded hole lo
cated on the right s ide of the front bumpe r
and cove red by a sma ll cove r when not in use .
.. Remove the tow ing loop from the vehicle
too l kit .
300 Index
Defrosting (windows) ......... .. .... .. 81
Deluxe automatic climate control . . . . . . . 80
Determining co rrect load limit ... ..... 257
D iese l fue l ..... ........... .... .... . 223
Diesel particulate filter . . . . . . . . . . 21,208
Digita l compass ............ ... .... .. 56
Dimensions .... ............. .. .... . 290
Dimming the rearview mirror .. .. ...... 56
Disp lays
C leaning ... ................ ..... . 218
Distance
. ... .......... ...... ... .. .. 25
Door/rear lid warning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24
Doors
Mechanical child safety lock . ..... .. .. 41
Power child safety lock ........ .... . . 41
Driver information system
CD/radio display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Door/rear lid warning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Efficiency program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Exterior temperature display ..... .. .. 24
On-board computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Driver seating position
drive select
adaptive air suspension/sport ... .. .. .
Ad . d
apt,ve ampers ......... ... .. .. .
Curve light . ... . ...... ... .. .. .. .. .
D . t . ynam,c s eering ....... .. .. .. .. .. .
Eng ine sound ............ .. .. .. .. .
Safety belt tensioner ....... ... .... .
Sport differential .......... ... .... .
Drive select .. ... .. ..... ... .. .. .. .. .
Driving safely .. ........... .. .. .... . 136
110
110
110
110
110
110
110
110
135
Driving through water ........ .. .. .. . 209
Driving time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Duplicate key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Dust filter
refer to Pol lutant filter (automatic A/C
system) .... ................ ..... .. 79
Dynamic steering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 110
E
Easy entry feature ............ .. .... .. 83
EDL
refer to E lectronic differentia l lock ... . 199 Efficiency
program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Fuel economy messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Other equ ipment ................. .. 26
E lectr ica l accessories (sockets) . . . . . 68, 74
Electromechanical parking brake Emergency braking ............... .. 88
Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Parking ... .. .. .. .. ........... .. .. . 87
Re leas ing and closing .............. . 86
Starting assist ... ............. .. .. . 87
Starting from rest ................ .. 87
Starting
off with a trailer ............. 88
Warning/indicator lights ........ ... .. 15
E lectronic differential lock .......... .. 199
Warning/ind icator lights ........ .... . 18
Electronic differential lock (EDL)
Warning/ind icator lights . ............ 19
E lectronic immobilizer . . . . . . . . . . . . 27, 32
E lectronic power control (EPC)
warning/indicator light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Electronic speed limiter ............. .. 30
E lectronic Stabilization Contro l (ESC) . .. 199
Warning/indicator lights ............ . 18
Emergency actuat ion
Doors ........ .. ............. ... .. 37
Luggage compartment lid .......... .. 40
Parking lock ..... ................ . 121
Power sunroof .................. .. . 44
Emergency brak ing . ... .......... .. .. . 88
Emergency flasher . ................ .. 47
Warning/ind icator lights ..... ... .. .. . 23
Emergency operation
Panoramic sunroof ............. .. .. . 45
Sun shade (roof) .............. .... . 4S
Emergency starting ................ . 283
Emergency towing ...... ........... . 285
Emergency warn ing triangle ...... .... 269
Energy management
Engine 204
Compartment .. .. ..... ........... . 233
Coolant ...... ... .. .............. . 239
Data ....... .. .. .. ........... .... 291
Start-Stop-System ............. .. .. . 88
starting ....... .. .. .............. .. 84
Starting with jumper cables ...... ... 283
St .
opping .. .... .. .. .............. .. 84
l
Jack . ..... .. .. ..... ..... ... .. .. ... 270
J ump-starting ..... ..... ... .. .. .. .. . 283
Jumper cables ............. .... .. .. . 284
K
Key ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... ... .. .. .... 31
Battery replacement master key ... .. .. 32
E mergency key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Key not recogni zed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Key replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Master key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Mechanical key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Valet key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1
K ick-down (automat ic transm ission) . .. . 119
Knee airbags ... .. .. .. .... ... .. .... . 16 8
Description ... .. .. .. .... ... .. .. ... 168
H ow they work . .. ..... ... .. .. .. .. . 170
Important safety instructions . .. .. .. . 170
L
Lane assist
Activating and deactivating ... .. .. .. . 103
C leaning the camera area .. .. .. .. .. . 217
Descr ipt ion . ............. .... .. ... 103
Instrument cluster indicato r light . .. . 103
M essages .. ... .. .. ...... .. .. .. .. . 104
Notes on instrumen t cluster display .. . 103
Sett ing the steer ing wheel vib rat ion .. . 105
Sett ing t he war ning po in t .. .. .. .. .. . 105
Lane Change Ass istant
refer to S ide ass ist . ....... .. .. .. .. . 106
L A T CH .... .. .. .... .. .... ... .. .. ... 190
Description . ............. .... .. .. . 191
Guidance fixtures for lower anchorages 192
Instal ling a chi ld restraint .. .. .. .. .. . 193
Locat ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Mount ing and releasing the ancho rage
hook .. .. .. .... ... ... ..... .. .. .. . 193
Leather cleaning/protection . .. .. .. .. . 219
L eaving home .. ........... .. .. .. .... 48
Lifting jack .. ... .. .. ...... .. .. .. .. . 275
Lifting vehicle . .... ..... ... .. .. .. ... 287
L ight
Ambie nce lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Com ing/ Leaving home .. ... .. .. .. .. .. 4 8
Inde x 303
Daytime runn ing lights . ..... ... .. .. . 46
Emergency flashe rs .. ... .... ... .. .. . 47
Exterior lig hting . ... . .. ... .... ... .. . 46
Head light range control ............ . 46
Hig h beam .. .. .. .... ............. . 48
Hig h beam assist ................... 49
Low beam ... .. .. .. . .. .... .... .. .. . 46
Rea r fog lights . ......... ........... 46
S ide mar ker lig hts .. . .......... .... . 46
T urn s ignals . .. .. .... ........... .. . 48
Light/rain senso r
Head lights .. .. .. .. . .. .... .... .. .. . 46
Intermittent (w indshie ld w ipers) ...... 53
Senso r defec tive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Load ing the roof rack ............ .... . 73
Locking Luggage compartment l id .... ... .. .. . 37
Power loc king switch . ... .... ... .. .. . 36
Remote contro l .. .... ............. . 35
U sing the key .. .. .. ............... . 36
Low beams ....... ... .. .. ..... ... .. . 46
Lower unive rsal a nc horages (Canada) 190
Luggage compartment
Luggage compartment net . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Pass-through w ith ski sack ........... 71
Stow ing luggage ........ .......... 141
T ie-downs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Luggage compartment lid Automat ic operation ........... .. .. . 38
Emergency re lease ............. .... . 40
Movement-act ivated open ing ....... .. 40
Open ing and closing .. .. ...... .... .. 37
Lumbar support Front seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Rear seats . .. .. .. .. ............... . 61
M
Maintenance .. .. .. ................. 292
Malfunc tion Ind ic a tor Lamp (M IL)
Massage function 2
0 ,29
Front seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Rea r seats ... .. .. .. . .. .... .... .. .. . 61
Reclining rear seat ............... .. . 64
Matte finish paint clean ing ....... .. .. 216
Mechan ica l key . ..... . .. .. ..... ... .. . 32
•
•