12-54170-01
1. OVERVIEW
A radial tire uses a cord angle of 90 degrees. That is, the cord material runs in a radial or direct line
from one bead to the other across the tread. In addition, a radial tire has a belt overwrap under the
tread surface to provide greater structural stability. The belt overwrap of a radial tire distortion while the
radial structure enables high speed driving.
Tire supports the weight of the vehicle, reduces the impact from the road and at the same time,
transmits the power to propel, brake and steer on the road. It also functions to maintain a
vehicle’s movement. In order to complete such tasks, a tire must be structured to be a resilient
vessel of air.
There is wear limit mark on the tire, which protrudes as a strip shape located approximately 1.6 mm
from the groove bottom. This wear limit mark is not seen from the outside so there is additional
"▲" mark on the shoulder to let the driver find the wear mark easily. To measure the tire groove
depth, measure at any point other than the point which has a wear limit mark.
The tire is worn unevenly according to the driver's driving habit, improper servicing, low tire inflation
pressure, changed tire location, etc.
1) Structure of Tire
Tread
This thick layer of rubber provides the interface
between the tire and the road. Wear-resistant
rubber is used to protect the carcass and belt
against fractures and impacts and to deliver a
long driving life.
Shoulder
Located between the tread and sidewall, the
shoulder rubber is the thickest so that the
design must allow for the easy diffusion of heat
generated within the tire while driving.
Sidewall
The part between the shoulder and bead, the
flexible sidewall protects the carcass and
enhances the ride. A tire’s type, size,
structure, pattern, manufacturing company,
product name and various characters are
indicated here. Bead
The bead attaches the tire to the rim and wraps
the end of the cord fabric. Comprised of the bead
wire, core, flipper and other parts, the bead is
generally designed to be slightly tight around the
rim so that in the case of a sudden drop in
inflation pressure, the tire will not fall off the rim.
Carcass
As the most important framework of a tire, the
entire inner layer of cord fabric is called the
carcass. The carcass acts to support air
pressure, vertical load and absorb shocks.
Valve
Belt
Bead core
01-36810-30
1. SPECIFICATION
Item FATC Manual
A/C controllerRated voltage DC 12 V DC 12 V
Operating voltage DC 9 to 16 V DC 9 to 16 V
Current consumption 2 A 2.5 A
Operating temperature-30~75℃ -30~80℃
Dark current 2 mA or less -
A/C compressorDiameter of pulley 120 mm
Rated voltage DC 12 V
Current consumption 2.2 A
Refrigerant fluid PAG RL 897 150cc
CondenserSize 655.8wX485.6hX16.0t
Receiver drierMoisture absorbent XH-9
Pressure switch Refrigerant pressure sensor
Front heater &
A/C moduleHeating capacity 7000 Kcal/hr
Cooling capacity 6200 Kcal/hr
Expansion valve Block type
Rear heater &
A/C moduleHeating capacity 4300 Kcal/hr
Cooling capacity 3200 Kcal/hr
Refrigeranttype R134a
Volume1050g ± 30g
PTC heaterMaterial barium titanate (BaTiO3)
Power consumption 1,000 W
01-176810-30
▶ Evaporator
Condition: Liquefied gas/Gas
Function: Cools the air by absorbing the heat from the air around the evaporator.
(3) Description for Each Cycle
▶ Compression
The evaporated refrigerant in the evaporator enters to the compressor. And the refrigerant gas is
compressed until it can be liquefied at ambient temperature.
Thus, the low refrigerant pressure is maintained so that the liquid refrigerant can be evaporated
actively at low temperature (around 0℃). -
-
▶ Condensation
The high pressure and high temperature gas (refrigerant) from the compressor is cooled down by
the fresh air entered into the condenser. Then, this gas is converted to liquid and collected in the
receiver drier.
The heat generated from the high pressure refrigerant is dissipated to the ambient air, and it is
called "heat of condensation".
The heat of condensation is the summation of the heat of vaporization (heat that the refrigerant
absorbs from the inside of the vehicle) and the calorific value converted from the amount of work
which is needed to compress. -
-
▶ Expansion
The liquid refrigerant lowers the pressure making its evaporation easily accomplished.
This process (lowering the pressure to the level at which evaporation easily takes place before the
liquid refrigerant is sent to the evaporator) is called
"Adiabatic Expansion".
During adiabatic expansion, the expansion valve lowers the pressure of the refrigerant and
determines the correct amount of refrigerant going into the air conditioning evaporator.
That is, the amount of heat, which is needed to stop the evaporation, is determined according to the
cooling load.
The expansion valve detects this and regulates the amount of the refrigerant exactly. -
-
-
-
-
▶ Evaporator
The refrigerant is converted from liquid to gas in the evaporator.
(The refrigerant in the form of fog in the evaporator is vaporized actively)
At this time the refrigerant, in the form of liquid, absorbs the heat in the air which is need for
evaporation (latent heat) and is cooled down. Then the blower blows the cooled air inside the
vehicle to lower the temperature.
There are liquid refrigerant from the expansion valve and evaporated refrigerant in the evaporator.
The evaporation temperature can be predicted from the evaporation pressure (i.e. relationship
between saturation pressure and saturation temperature).
It is important to keep the pressure inside the evaporator low, so that the refrigerant is evaporated a
t
low temperature to make sure the completely evaporated refrigerant is entered into the
compressor. -
-
-
-
-
03-34
6) Securing a Child Restrain System with “ISOFIX” System
How to use the ISOFIX Lower Latch Anchor ▶
The ISOFIX lower latch anchors are located in
the left and right outboard rear seating
positions. Their locations (1) are shown in the
illustration.
Insert the child restraint attachments into the
ISOFIX lower latch anchors until it clicks.
Do not use the seat belt for installing the
ISOFIX child restraint. -
-
-
ISOFIX system is a standardised method of
fitting child seats that eliminates the need to use
the standard adult seatbelt to secure the seat in
the vehicle. This enables a much more secure
and positive location with the added benefit of
easier and quicker installation.
When using the “ISOFIX” lower latch system, all unused vehicle rear seat belt metal latch
plates or tabs must be latched securely in their seat belt buckles and the seat belt webbing must
be retracted behind the child restraint to prevent the child from reaching and taking hold of
unretracted seat belts. Unlatched metal latch plates or tabs may allow the child to reach the
unretracted seat belts which may result in strangulation and a serious injury or death to the child in
the child restraint.
Child restraint anchorages are designed to withstand only those loads imposed by correctly fitted
child restraints. Under no circumstances are they to be used for adult seat belts or harnesses or for
attaching other items or equipment to the vehicle. -
-
