2013 SSANGYONG TURISMO hub

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4. IWE LOCKING HUB SYSTEM
1) Overview
The vacuum locking hub uses the IWE (Integrated Wheel End) system, and in this system, the
vacuum is generated only within the hub actuator.
It is structured to transmit power to the front section after the actuator hub is engaged following
the release of vacuum from the drive shaft end gear and the hub end gear.
Booster
Vacuum pump
Vacuum generation process in front hub actuator ▶

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(2) Vacuum System Related to 4WD
In 4WD mode, the TCCU blocks the
transferring of vacuum pressure from
vacuum pump to locking hub by supplying
the power to solenoid valve.Check valve
This valve allows the vacuum pressure to
flow through it in only one direction. This
prevent the vacuum from abruptly
releasing due to faulty vacuum pump.
4WD:
The vacuum pressure is released from the hub
actuator. At this time, the front hub end gear is
engaged.2WD:
The vacuum pressure pulls in the locking hub
actuator so that it will not be engaged with the
front end hub gear.
Vacuum solenoid valve
To atmosphere Block the vacuum
pressure
Hub actuator (RH)
Gear disengagedGear engaged

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5. POWER FLOW
Switching 2H, 4H → 4L
TCCU
Vacuum solenoid
Locking hub operation
(Released internal vacuum)
Front propeller shaft
Front axle
Front wheelRear propeller shaft
Rear axle
Rear wheel
Transfer case

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2) Camber
The angle between the center line of the tire and the vertical line when viewed from the front of the
vehicle
CamberFront-0.12˚±0.50˚
Rear-1.20˚±0.50˚
Zero camber: When the tire center line is perpendicular to the ground level ▶
Disadvantages:The axle is easy to be bent or deviated in the negative camber than in the
positive camber when load is applied on the axle.
Difficult to control due to wide load area. -
- Advantages:Better traction force due to wide load area (applicable for off-road vehicle)
Better corner driving when the vehicle makes turn as the cornering force -
- Negative camber ▶Disadvantages:Cornering force decreases as the positive camber increases when the vehicle
makes turn.
The hub bearing is worn unevenly if camber is excessive. -
- Advantages:The axle is not bent when it is loaded.
The force required to operate the steering wheel is reduced due to smaller
contact area (or load area) of the tire.
Restoring force of the steering wheel is gained (when turning the steering wheel,
the tire circles and the force to lift the frame is applied. In this case, the shock
absorber contracts and the restoration force is applied to the steering wheel.) -
-
- Positive camber: Top of the tire is tilted outward ▶