2013 SSANGYONG NEW ACTYON SPORTS traction control

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4) Water Pump
The belt-driven centrifugal water pump consists of an impeller, a drive shaft, and a belt pulley.
The impeller is supported by a completely sealed bearing.
The water pump is serviced as an assembly and, therefore, cannot be disassembled.
5) Thermostat
A wax pellet-type thermostat controls the flow of the engine coolant through the engine cooling system.
The thermostat is mounted in the thermostat housing to the front of the cylinder head.
The thermostat stops the flow of the engine coolant from the engine to the radiator to provide faste
r
warm-up, and to regulate the coolant temperature. The thermostat remains closed while the engine
coolant is cold, preventing circulation of the engine coolant through the radiator. At this point, the engine
coolant is allowed to circulate only throughout the heater core to warm it quickly and evenly.
As the engine warms, the thermostat opens. This allows the engine coolant to flow through the radiato
r
wherethe heat is dissipated. This opening and closing of the thermostat permits enough engine coolant
to enter the radiator to keep the engine within proper engine temperature operating limits.
The wax pellet in the thermostat is hermetically sealed in a metal case. The wax element of the
thermostat expands when it is heated and contracts when it is cooled.
As the vehicle is driven and the engine warms, the engine coolant temperature increases. When the
engine coolant reaches a specified temperature, the wax pellet element in the thermostat expands and
exerts pressure against the metal case, forcing the valve open. This allows the engine coolant to flow
through the engine cooling system and cool the engine.
As the wax pellet cools, the contraction allows a spring to close the valve.
The thermostat begins to open at 87°C(188.6 °F) and is fully open at 102°C(215.6°F). The
thermostat closes at 85°C (187°F).
6) Electric Cooling Fan
Keep hands, tools, and clothing away from the engine cooling fans to help prevent personal injury.
This fan is electric and can turn on even when the engine is not running. -
If a fan blade is bent or damaged in any way, no attempt should be made to repair or reuse the
damaged part. A bent or damaged fan assembly should always be replaced with a new one to
prevent possible injury. -

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2) Camber
The angle between the center line of the tire and the vertical line when viewed from the front of the
vehicle
Positive camber: Top of the tire is tilted outward ▶
Advantages: The axle is not bent when it is loaded.
The force required to operate the steering wheel is reduced due to smaller
contact area (or load area) of the tire.
Restoring force of the steering wheel is gained (when turning the steering
wheel, the tire circles and the force to lift the frame is applied. In this case,
the shock absorber contracts and the restoration force is applied to the
steering wheel.) -
-
-
Disadvantages:Cornering force decreases as the positive camber increases when the
vehicle makes turn.
The hub bearing is worn unevenly if camber is excessive. -
-
Zero camber: When the tire center line is perpendicular to the ground level ▶
Negative camber ▶
Advantages:
Better traction force due to wide load area (applicable for off-road vehicle)
Better corner driving when the vehicle makes turn as the cornering force
increases (applicable for high-speed F1 vehicle) -
-
Disadvantages:
he axle is easy to be bent or deviated in the negative camber than in the
positive camber when load is applied on the axle.
Difficult to control due to wide load area. -
-
Camber
-0.5 ± 0.25°

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3. FUNCTION
1) Term Definition
ABS: Anti-Lock Brake System ▶
When the brake pedal is abruptly depressed, the HECU calculates the slip ratio of each wheel based on
information received from the wheel speed sensors and controls the hydraulic module data quickly and
precisely in order to maintain the friction between the road surface and tire optimal (static friction).
Therefore, by keeping the friction between the road surface and tire optimal, it is possible to obtain
following effects: Enhanced steering stability, improved direction stability, reduced stopping distance and
etc.
EBD: Electronic brake-Force Distribution ▶
This is to detect the tire speed from the wheel speed sensor in order to supply the braking pressure to
the rear tires individually. In other words, the HECU measures the tire deceleration speed continuously
and controls the rear inlet valve on the hydraulic modulator to obtain optimal braking force as much as
possible. Thereby, stopping distance, braking effect and straight stability are improved.
ESP: Electronic Stability Program ▶
This is used to make the vehicle stabilized to recognize the emergency driving conditions, and to control
the brake for each wheels and the engine power when the brake system or acceleration will not work
any more in dangerous circumstances.
TCS: Traction Control System ▶
When the wheel is slipping due to an excessive engine torque while starting off or driving, this controls
the driving force (braking force + engine torque) in order to prevent the wheel from slipping through the
engine or brake control.
AYC: Active Yaw Control ▶
This has been developed to help a driver avoid danger of losing control of the vehicle stability due to
understeer or oversteer during cornering, which is a part of the ESP function.
HBA: Hydraulic Brake Assistant ▶
Developed based on the fact that elderly drivers depress the brake pedal too soft even when hard
braking is necessary, this an assist system to operate the HECU drive motor immediately and apply high
braking force to the wheels when the brake pedal is depressed softly and the vehicle should be braked
in emergency.
ARP: Active Rollover Protection ▶
This is a supplementary device for safety in ESP system and can help minimize the rollover accidents by
detecting a potential rollover situation through the brake and engine control when making sudden lane
change or turning sharply by adding only the software, without any separate device or switch.

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2) Operation of ESP System
The ESP (Electronic Stability Program) has been developed to help a driver avoid danger of losing
control of the vehicle stability due to understeer or oversteer during cornering. The yaw rate sensor,
lateral sensor and longitudinal sensor in the sensor cluster and the steering wheel angle sensor under
the steering column detect the vehicle conditions when the inner or outer wheels are spinning during
oversteer, understeer or cornering. The ESP ECU controls against oversteer or understeer during
cornering by controlling the vehicle stability using input values from these sensors and applying the
braking force to the corresponding wheels independently. The system also controls the engine power
right before the wheel spin synchronized with the ASR function to decelerate the vehicle automatically in
order to maintain the vehicle stable during cornering.
(1) Under steering
What is understeering? ▶
Understeer is a term for a condition in which the steering wheel is steered to a certain angle during driving
and the front tires slip toward the reverse direction of the desired direction. Generally, vehicles are
designed to have understeer. It is because that the vehicle can return back to inside of cornering line
when the steering wheel is steered toward the inside even when the front wheels are slipped outward.
As the centrifugal force increases, the tires can easily lose the traction and the vehicle tends to slip
outward when the curve angle gets bigger and the speed increases.

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ESP controls during understeer ▶
The ESP system recognizes the directional angle with the steering wheel angle sensor and senses the
slipping route that occurs reversely against the vehicle cornering direction during understeer with the ya
w
rate sensor and lateral sensor. Then, the ESP system applies the braking force to the rear inner wheel to
compensate the yaw moment value. In this way, the vehicle does not lose its driving direction and the
driver can steer the vehicle as intended.
(2) Over steering
What is oversteering? ▶
Oversteer is a term of a condition in which the steering wheel is steered to a certain angle during driving
and the rear tires slip outward losing traction.
Compared to understeering vehicles, it is hard to control the vehicle during cornering and the vehicle can
spin due to rear wheel moment when the rear tires lose traction and the vehicle speed increases.
ESP controls during oversteer ▶
The ESP system recognizes the directional angle with the steering wheel angle sensor and senses the
slipping route that occurs towards the vehicle cornering direction during oversteer with the yaw rate
sensor and lateral sensor. Then the ESP system applies the braking force to the front outer wheel to
compensate the yaw moment value. In this way, the vehicle does not lose its driving direction and the
driver can steer the vehicle as intended.