Page 34 of 751
02-30000-00
1. SPECIFICATION
Unit Description Specification Remark
Cylinder head Height 131.9 to 132.1 mm -
Flatness below 0.1 mm -
Valve recess Intake valve 0.6 to 1.0 mm -
Exhaust valve 0.6 to 1.0 mm -
Flatness on manifold
sideIntake manifold 0.08 mm -
Exhaust manifold 0.08 mm -
Connecting rod End play 0.05 to 0.31 mm -
Camshaft Axial end play Intake 0.1 to 0.35 mm -
Exhaust 0.1 to 0.35 mm -
Camshaft position
sensorDistance between Camshaft position sensor
and sprocket0.20 to 1.80 mm -
Valve Clearance between
valve and pistonIntake 1.12 mm -
Exhaust 1.09 mm -
Cylinder block Piston protrusion 0.475 to 0.745mm -
Piston ring TOP ring end gap 0.20 to 0.40 mm -
2nd ring end gap 0.35 to 0.50 mm -
3rd ring end gap 0.2 to 0.40 mm -
Offset 0.3 mm -
Head gasket Piston protrusion 0.475~0.540 1.2t -
0.541 to 0.649 1.3t -
0.650 to 0.745 1.4t -
Page 41 of 751
02-10
2) Cylinder Head
(1) Cylinder head mating surface check
Specified value
▶
Total height "A" 131.9 to 132.1 mm
Minimum height after machining 131.9 mm
Flatness Longitudinal direction
below 0.1 (150 mm)
Transverse direction below 0.15 (Total)
Parallel deviation of cylinder head below 0.1 mm
Peak-to valley of surface Rmax 7 Rz 6.3
valve recess "a" Intake valve
0.6 to 1.0 mm
Exhaust valve 0.6 to 1.0 mm
Measure the cylinder head height "A".
1.
If the height is less than the limit, the cylinder
head must be replaced.
-
Insert the valves into the valve guides and
measure the recesses.
2.
If the measured value is out of the specified
range, machine the valve seat as much as
necessary until the specified value is
achieved.
-
Valve recess “a
0.6 to 1.0mm
(2) Cylinder head pressure Leak test
Immerse the cylinder head with t he pressure plate into warm water (approx. 60°C) and pressurize
with compressed air to 2 bar.
Flatness
Page 438 of 751

09-4
2. CAUTIONS
Note that the display does not show everything in the rear area. Always check nobody, especially
animals and children, is behind the vehicle when parking or reversing.
If you can not properly check the vehicle behind, get out of the vehicle and then visually check it.
The parking aid system is just a supplemental device to help your parking.
Always keep the safety precautions.
Do not press or shock the sensors by hitting or using a high-pressure water gun while washing,
since it may damage the sensors.
If the system is in normal operating condition, a short beep sounds when the shift lever is moved into
"R" position with the ignition key "ON". -
-
-
-
-
-
The parking aid system will not work or improperly work under following cases: ▶
1. Certain obstacles that sensors can not detect
Thin and narrow objects, such as wires, ropes, chains
Cotton, sponge, clothes, snow; that absorb ultrasonic waves
Obstacles lower than the bumper (ex. drain ditch or mud puddle) -
-
-
2. Not defective but improperly working
When the sensing portion is frozen (operates normally after thawed)
When the sensing portion is covered by rain, water drops, snow or mud (operates normally after
cleaned)
When receiving other ultrasonic signals (metal sound or air braking noises from heavy
commercial vehicles)
When a high-power radio is turned on -
-
-
-
3. Narrowed sensing area
When the sensing portion is partially covered by snow or mud (operates normally after cleaned)
<007a009c009900990096009c0095008b00900095008e0047009b008c00940097008c00990088009b009c0099008c00470096008d0047009a008c0095009a0096009900470090009a0047009b009600960047008f0090008e008f0047004f00880097009700
990096009f005500470096009d008c00990047005f005700b6>C) or too low (approx.
below -30°C) -
-
When driving on the rough roads, gravel road, hill and grass
When the bumper height is changed due to heavy load
When the sensing portion is frozen
When the sensing portion is covered by rain, water drops, snow or mud
When receiving other ultrasonic signals (metal sound or air braking noises from heavy
commercial vehicles)
When a high-power radio is turned on
When some accessories are attached in detecting ranges -
-
-
-
-
-
- 4. Not defective but may cause malfunction
Page 526 of 751
05-4
1. OVERVIEW
The propeller shaft transfers the power through the transmission and transfer case to the front/rear axle
differential carrier (final reduction gear).
It is manufactured by a thin rounded steel pipe to have the strong resisting force against the torsion and
bending.
Both ends of propeller shaft are connected to the spider and the center of propeller shaft is connected to
the spline to accommodate the changes of the height and length.
The rubber bushing that covers the intermediate bearing keeps the balance of rear propeller shaft and
absorbs its vibration.
Function of propeller shaft ▶
Transmits driving torque.
Compensates the angle change (universal joint / CV joint).
Compensates the axial length change (splines for the slip joint). -
-
-
Front propeller shaft
Rear propeller shaft
Page 545 of 751
08-8
5. TROUBLESHOOTING
Problem Cause Action
Vehicle rollingBroken stabilizer bar Replace
Faulty shock absorber Replace
Abnormal noise.Loosening mounting Retighten
Damaged or worn wheel bearing Replace
Damaged shock absorber Replace
Damaged tire Replace
Poor ridingOver inflated tire Adjust pressure
Faulty shock absorber Replace
Loosened wheel nut Tighten as specified torque
Bent or broken coil spring Replace
Damaged tire Replace
Worn bushing Replace
Vehicle pulls to one sideDeformed arm assembly Replace
Worn bushing Replace
Bent or broken coil spring Replace
Hard steeringExcessive resistance of lower arm ball
jointReplace
Insufficient tire pressure Replace
Faulty power steering Replace
Unstable steering
Worn or loosened lower arm bushing Retighten or replace
Vehicle bottoming
Worn or broken coil spring Replace
Vehicle height loweredOver loaded on the vehicle -
Defective shock absorber Replace
Defective coil spring Replace
Page 547 of 751

08-10
2. FRONT SUSPENSION (DOUBLE WISHBONE)
Advantage ▶
The advantage of a double wishbone suspension is that it is fairly easy to work out the effect of
moving each joint, so the kinematics of the suspension can be tuned easily and wheel motion can
be optimized.
It is also easy to work out the loads that different parts will be subjected to which allows more
optimized lightweight parts to be designed.
They also provide increasing negative camber gain all the way to full jounce travel unlike the
MacPherson strut which provides negative camber gain only at the beginning of jounce travel and
then reverses into positive camber gain at high jounce amounts. 1.
2.
3.
Disadvantage ▶
The disadvantage is that it is slightly more complex than other systems like a MacPherson strut. Due to
the increased number of components within the suspension setup it takes much longer to service and is
heavier than an equivalent MacPherson design. 1.
2. Double wishbone suspension is an independent suspension design using two (occasionally parallel)
wishbone-shaped arms to locate the wheel. Each wishbone or arm has two mounting points to the chassis
and one joint at the knuckle. The shock absorber and coil spring mount to the wishbones to control vertical
movement. Double wishbone designs allow the engineer to carefully control the motion of the wheel
throughout suspension travel, controlling such parameters as camber angle, caster angle, toe pattern, roll
center height, scrub radius, scuff and more.
Lower arm Upper arm Shock absorber Stabilizer
Page 551 of 751

08-14
3) Caster
The angle between the vertical line and king pin, which fixes the steering knuckle and front axle, (steering
column which connects the top and bottom ball joints in the independent axle type) when viewed the
tires from the side.
Caster: With considering the height difference between the wheel centers of the front and rear
wheels. (Under standard condition that the vehicle is on a level ground) ▶
Positive caster: Top of the king pin is tilted backward from the vertical line of the wheel center
when viewed the tires from the side ▶
Advantages:Directional force to go straight (following control)
Restoring force of the wheel (restored to the straight ahead direction)
Prevention of wheel shimmy (wheels wobble left and right) -
-
-
Negative caster: Top of the king pin is tilted forward from the vertical line of the wheel center when
viewed the tires from the side ▶
Advantages:
Disadvantages:Impact from the road is transferred to the steering wheel (steering wheel turns)
Poor straightness -
- Smaller turning radius -
Caster
4.6 ± 0.4°
Page 563 of 751
09-14
Specified value (B)155mm
Push rod
Stop lamp
switch Pedal Height ▶
Check the pedal height with below procedures: -
Start the engine and measure the length (A)
between floor mat and pedal.
If the measured value is out of the specified
value, adjust the length. 1.
2.
Adjust the pedal height with below procedures: -
Disconnect the stop lamp switch connector.
Unscrew the lock nut and remove the stop
lamp switch assembly.
Loosen the lock nut on the pedal push rod.
Turn the pedal push rod to adjust the pedal
height.
Tighten the lock nut.
Install the stop lamp switch assembly.
Connect the stop lamp switch connector.
Check if the stop lamps come on when
pressing the brake pedal around 5 mm.
If the stop lamp dpes not come on, adjust the
stop lamp switch assembly again.
If the stop lamps come on, tighten the lock nut
and measure the pedal height again. 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.